The present study was taken up to assess the role of subchronic exposure to an environmentally relevant dosage of cadmium in type l diabetes. Female rats of the Wistar strain were treated with cadmium (5.12 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days. On day 46, rats were made diabetic by alloxan. After ...

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether SIRT1, a nutrient-sensing histone deacetylase, influences fetal programming during malnutrition.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn 793 individuals of the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort, we analyzed the interaction between three SIRT1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prenatal exposure to famine on type 2 diabetes risk.RESULTSIn the total population (exposed and ...

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that longer-term exposure to air pollutants over years confers higher risks of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than shorter term exposure. One explanation is that cumulative adverse effects that develop over longer durations lead to the genesis of chronic disease. Preliminary epidemiological and clinical evidence suggest that air ...

The 1995 to 1997 lifetime carcinogenicity studies of insulin glargine in rats and mice were reanalyzed and reassessed for their validity according to current guidelines. In 2-year studies, 50 animals per sex and per group were used. Survival rates between weeks 80 and 90 in female mice and rats were ...

The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide was approved in 2010 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an adjunct treatment to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This article provides insights into the use of pharmacometric analyses for regulatory ...

Objective: To review clinical studies using recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) to increase insulin dispersion and accelerate its absorption.Methods: Ten clinical studies are reviewed.Results: In 4 euglycemic clamp studies, rHuPH20 coinjection consistently accelerated insulin absorption, providing twice the insulin exposure in the first hour, greater and earlier peak exposure, and half ...

The link between an adverse intrauterine environment and the development of disease later in life has been observed in offspring of pregnancies complicated by obesity and diabetes, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unknown. In this review, we highlight recent publications exploring the role of gestational diabetes mellitus ...

Human enteroviruses, which are transmitted via a faecal-oral route, have long been associated with type 1 diabetes onset. Increased hygiene in the 20th century may now be responsible for a decreased chance of enterovirus exposure from an early age onward. Infections with enteroviruses may also be more likely to occur ...

We evaluated how low-level (3 ppm) subchronic inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure from prenatal developmental stages until adult life affects glucose homeostasis. Biochemical parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, pancreatic insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin were determined in 4-month-old female offspring of adult Wistar rats. Pancreatic histology was also performed. Statistical comparisons between ...

BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota are important factors in obesity and diabetes, yet little is known about their role in the toxicodynamics of environmental chemicals including those recently found to be obesogenic and diabetogenic. OBJECTIVES: We integrate evidence that independently links gut ecology and environmental chemicals to obesity/diabetes, providing a framework for ...

Abstract Hagfish feed by immersing themselves in the body cavities of decaying animals. This ensures a rich nutrient source for absorption via the gills, skin, and gut, but it may also subject hagfish to reduced levels of dissolved oxygen and elevated levels of the products of biological degradation. This study ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Air pollution may promote type 2 diabetes by increasing adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. This study examined the relation between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and type 2 diabetes prevalence among 50- to 75-year-old subjects living in Westfriesland, the Netherlands. METHODS: Participants were recruited in a cross-sectional ...

Motion sickness is caused by exposure to unfamiliar motions and typical symptoms of motion sickness include nausea and vomiting. To observe the metabolic and hormonal differences between nausea/vomiting (NAV) subjects and non-nausea/vomiting (NNV) ones, and to understand how the differences in metabolites and hormones affect the tolerance of organism to ...

Objectives: We have previously shown that chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter, PM(2.5)) pollution in conjunction with high-fat diet induces insulin resistance through alterations in inflammatory pathways. In this study we evaluated the effects of PM(2.5) exposure over a substantive duration of ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Human exposures to inorganic arsenic (iAs) have been linked to an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Recent laboratory studies showed that methylated trivalent metabolites of iAs may play key roles in the diabetogenic effects of iAs. Our study examined associations between chronic exposure to iAs in drinking water, ...

OBJECTIVE The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing alarmingly in both developed and developing countries. Recently, exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine the association between type 2 diabetes and POP ...

Background:  The growth-associated increase in the blood glucose level of animals with type 2 diabetes is inhibited by moderate hyperbaric exposure at 1.25 atmospheres absolute with 36% oxygen presumably due to an increase in oxidative metabolism. However, there are no data available on the effect of moderate hyperbaric oxygen on ...

Arsenic is a naturally occurring toxic metalloid of global concern. Many studies have indicated a dose-response relationship between accumulative arsenic exposure and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in arseniasis-endemic areas in Taiwan and Bangladesh, where arsenic exposure occurs through drinking water. Epidemiological researches have suggested that the characteristics of ...

I present the findings of a study aimed at developing an in-depth understanding of how engagement in occupation influences young adults' ability to effectively manage diabetes and, conversely, how their diabetes self-management strategies shape their occupational participation. The qualitative interview-based study of 8 people ages 19-25 with Type 1 diabetes ...

There is an increasing body of literature showing associations of organochlorine exposure with risk of diabetes and insulin resistance. Some studies suggest that associations differ by gender and that diabetes risk, in turn, may be affected by endogenous steroid hormones. This report examines the relationships of serum PCBs and endogenous ...

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), a typical endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), is widely used as plasticizer. DEHP exposure in humans is virtually ubiquitous, and those undergoing certain medical procedures can be especially high. In this study, we investigated whether developmental DEHP exposure disrupted glucose homeostasis in the rat and whether this was associated ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) and geriatric syndromes, diabetes complications, and hypoglycemia in older adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A race-stratified random sample of 6,317 adults with type 2 or type 1 diabetes, aged 60 to 75 years, enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, who ...

Abstract The independent contribution of postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions to the overall glucose exposure and its role in the development of both micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes remain subject to continuing debate in type 2 diabetes. Discussion continues on whether postprandial hyperglycemia is the main contributor to the overall ...

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Obesity is the leading cause of type 2 diabetes. Growing evidence suggests that chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) also produces symptoms consistent with diabetes. Thus, iAs exposure may further increase the risk of diabetes in obese individuals. Our ...

Background: Nigerians working in the oil industry appear to maintain a 'westernised' lifestyle and thus may be at increased risk for diabetes mellitus and related disorders. There are several reports on lipid profile in type 2 DM among Nigerians (non-oil workers) in the general population from different parts of the ...

Type 2 diabetes prevalence is rising rapidly in developing world especially in India in last few decades. 'Thrifty phenotype' and 'westernization of lifestyle' is used to explain this epidemic. Chromium is an important modulator in insulin and glucose metabolism. Preconceptional chromium exposure has been demonstrated to raise the corticosterone and ...

There is growing evidence that chronic exposure of humans to inorganic arsenic, a potent environmental oxidative stressor, is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). One critical feature of T2D is insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, especially in mature adipocytes, the hallmark of which is decreased insulin-stimulated glucose ...

Adiponectin belongs to the group of biologically active substances secreted by adipocytes and referred to as adipokines. Disturbances in its secretion and/or action are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of some metabolic diseases. However, regulation of adiponectin secretion is poorly elucidated. In the present study, short-term regulation of ...

Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) contributes to increased cardiovascular risk. Land-use regression models can improve exposure assessment for TRAP. We examined the association between medium-term concentrations of black carbon (BC) estimated by land-use regression and levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), ...

An important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, which on activation induces superoxide production via oxidation in the mitochondria, inflammation and stress; such ROS are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including neuropathy. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments are applied various diseases ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Damage persists in HUVECs exposed to a constant high glucose concentration long after glucose normalisation, a phenomenon termed 'metabolic memory'. Evaluation of the effects of exposure of HUVECs to oscillating high glucose on the induction of markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage (phospho-γ-histone H2AX and PKCδ) and onset ...

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and particulate air pollution are associated with inflammatory dysregulation. We assessed the modifying effects of diabetes medications on the association of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, and traffic exposure in adults with T2D (n = 379). CRP concentrations were significantly positively associated with residence ...

BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of US workers are diabetic. We assessed the relationship between glycemic control and work hours and type of occupation among employed US adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A representative sample of employed US ...

Disorders of hemolysis reduce the exposure time of hemoglobin to glucose, resulting in a falsely low Hemoglobin A1c level. This case report describes the unexpected diagnosis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency made during evaluation of discordant HbA1c and blood glucose measurements.

To review and synthesize the published evidence on the possible association between childhood obesity and the subsequent risk of Type 1 diabetes. The PubMed database was systematically searched for studies using childhood obesity, BMI or %weight-for-height as the exposure variable and subsequent Type 1 diabetes as the outcome. Studies were ...

In the present study, resveratrol, a polyphenolic SIRT1 activator was evaluated for its SIRT1 activation in an in vitro fluorescent based assay (EC(50) : 7 μM). The efficacy of resveratrol was also evaluated in ob/ob mice for its antidiabetic and associated metabolic effects. Mice aged 5-8 weeks were included in four ...

We studied a cohort of individuals to assess whether intensity of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Study subjects were selected from an ongoing population-based cohort of Korea Genome and Epidemiology Study. Participants of the baseline study 10,038 persons within the age ...

Diabetes mellitus and fine particulate matter from diesel exhaust (DEP) are both important contributors to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease with a high mortality rate in patients suffering from CVD, resulting in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Elevated DEP levels in the air are attributed to ...

Abstract In the present study, novel preventive effects of repeated low-dose radiation exposure on diabetes-induced cardiovascular inflammation and cardiac damage were investigated. C57BL/6J mice were given multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg × 6) to generate type 1 diabetes. A week after the last STZ injection, hyperglycemic mice were ...

Abstract In the present study, novel preventive effects of repeated low-dose radiation exposure on diabetes-induced cardiac inflammation and cardiac damage were investigated. C57BL/6J mice were given multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg × 6) to generate type 1 diabetes. A week after the last STZ injection, hyperglycemic mice were ...

1. Our previous studies of the murine genetic locus Idd6 revealed the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 2 (Arntl2) as a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes; and in Idd6 NOD.C3H congenic mice, Arntl2 upregulation is linked to decreased diabetes development. 2. In the present study, shRNA plasmids capable ...

Adverse drug events in the ambulatory care setting are not uncommon and can cause significant morbidity. Little research has been published on the management of adverse drug events involving insulin in the outpatient setting. To analyze data on patients with unintentional therapeutic errors involving insulin managed by 9 regional poison ...

Longevity of a p66Shc knockout strain (ShcP) was previously attributed to increased stress resistance and altered mitochondria. Microarrays of ShcP tissues indicated alterations in insulin signaling. Consistent with this observation, ShcP mice were more insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant at organismal and tissue levels, as was a novel p66Shc knockout ...

Insulin resistance, a condition in which insulin action is impaired, is one of the characteristic features of type 2 diabetes. Excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) interfere with the insulin signaling pathway, which leads to the progression of insulin resistance. To examine whether removal of systemic hydrogen peroxide is ...

Mitochondrial production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) is thought to be associated with the cellular damage resulting from chronic exposure to high glucose in long-term diabetic patients. We hypothesized that a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant would prevent kidney damage in the Ins2(+/)⁻(AkitaJ) mouse model (Akita mice) of Type 1 diabetes. To test ...

Diabetes has been associated with memory and behavioral dysfunctions such as anxiety. However, exact mechanisms of how diabetes affect such changes remain to be characterized. The purpose of present study is to search for streptozotocin-regulated genes in hippocampus of the mice using a differential display PCR technique, in the hope ...

Artefactually enhanced putrefactive and autolytic changes may be misinterpreted as indicating a prolonged postmortem interval and throw doubt on the veracity of witness statements. Review of files from Forensic Science SA and the literature revealed a number of external and internal factors that may be responsible for accelerating these processes. ...

Alterations in lipid metabolism may contribute to diabetic complications. Sphingolipids are essential components of cell membranes and have essential roles in homeostasis and in the initiation and progression of disease. However, the role of sphingolipids in type 1 diabetes remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we sought to quantify sphingolipid metabolites by ...

Controversy exists on whether uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) positively or negatively influences insulin sensitivity in vivo, and the underlying signaling pathways have been scarcely studied. We studied how a progressive reduction in UCP3 expression (using UCP3 +/+, UCP3 +/-, and UCP3 -/- mice) modulates insulin sensitivity and related metabolic parameters. ...

Placental growth factor-2 (PlGF-2) exhibits neurotrophic activity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons through the neuropilin-1 (NP-1) receptor in vitro. To examine the potential utility of PlGF-2 therapy for treating diabetic neuropathy, we performed intramuscular PlGF-2 gene transfer by electroporation, and examined its effects on sensory neuropathy in diabetic mice. ...