Previous observational studies using differing methodologies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the association between glycemic control and outcomes in diabetic patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). We examined mortality predictability of A1C and random serum glucose over time in a contemporary cohort of 54,757 diabetic MHD patients (age 63 ± 13 ...

Short interbirth interval has been associated with maternal complications and childhood autism and leukemia, possibly due to deficiencies in maternal micronutrients at conception or increased exposure to sibling infections. A possible association between interbirth interval and subsequent risk of childhood type 1 diabetes has not been investigated. A secondary analysis ...

Abstract Objectives To assess fatal coronary artery disease (CAD) by gender and glucose regulation status. Design 47951 people were followed up according to fatal CAD identified in the National Cause of Death Registry. Gender-effects of fatal CAD in people with impaired glucose regulation (IGR), newly diagnosed diabetes (NDM) or known ...

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are formed by a non-enzymatic reaction of sugar moieties (examples: glucose, fructose, glycolytic adducts) with the free amino groups on amino acid residues of proteins. A growing body of data demonstrate that AGEs are intimately involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease by stimulating inflammation, contributing ...

Screening for individual diabetes risk is crucial to identify adult and pediatric high-risk target populations for referral into successful diabetes prevention programs. Determination of impaired glucose tolerance or elevated fasting glucose levels has been the "gold standard" to classify subjects at increased risk for and/or to diagnose type 2 diabetes ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine whether time-dependent annual fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variation, as represented by coefficient of variation (CV), can predict mortality in subsequent all-cause, expanded, and nonexpanded cardiovascular disease-related mortality independent of mean FPG, renal function, mean hemoglobin A(1)C (HbA(1C)), HbA(1C) variation, and other ...

OBJECTIVEApproximately 25% of patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have diabetes, and the diagnosis of diabetes roughly doubles the mortality risk associated with coronary artery disease. However, the impact of diabetes may differ according to ethnicity. Our objective was to examine the impact ...

OBJECTIVEDiabetes and depression are both linked to an increased mortality risk after myocardial infarction (MI). Population-based studies suggest that having both diabetes and depression results in an increased mortality risk, beyond that of having diabetes or depression alone. The purpose of this study was to examine the joint association of ...

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the predictive role of increased corrected QT (QTc) and QT interval dispersion (QTd) on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large, unselected type 2 diabetic population.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe prospective study included 1,357 type 2 diabetic patients from the Casale Monferrato Study. At baseline, QTc intervals >0.44 s ...

Severe hypoglycaemia has recently been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes. The retrospective analysis of a national registry on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion points to a higher prevalence of CVD in Type 1 diabetic subjects with repeated severe hypoglycaemia at the time of starting CSII.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone responsible for amplification of insulin secretion when nutrients are given orally, as opposed to intravenously, and it retains its insulinotropic activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1-based therapies, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, an ...

Background. The current form of the Diabetes Population Risk Tool (DPoRT) includes a non-specific category of ethnicity in concordance with publicly data available. Given the importance of ethnicity in influencing diabetes risk and its significance in a multi-ethnic population, it is prudent to determine its influence on a population-based risk ...

C3 is the central component of the complement system and activation of C3 via any of the three major activation pathways-the classical, the lectin and the alternative pathways-results in initiation of the terminal complement pathway and release of the anaphylatoxin C3a. Both terminal pathway activation and signalling of C3a and ...

Acute hyperglycemia is a common feature during the early phase after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), regardless of diabetes status. Numerous studies have demonstrated that patients with AMI and hyperglycemia on admission have high rates of mortality. It has been reported that there is a linear positive relation between admission blood ...

The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing rapidly worldwide and is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Although hyperglycemia is associated with increased CVD, intensive glycemic control with current diabetes medications has failed in recent large clinical trials to reduce macrovascular disease, demonstrating that intensive ...

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes represents a major cardiovascular risk factor. However, few studies have addressed the impact of the disease duration on mortality. Thus, we aimed to investigate the predictive value of diabetes duration for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in subjects undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS: We studied 2455 participants of ...

Hypoglycemia is a common complication of treatment of diabetes mellitus. The potential neurological complications of hypoglycemia as seizures and coma are well-recognized entities. A hypoglycemic episode is a risk factor for a patient with diabetes to have cardiovascular complications. Myocardial ischemia and infarction are known to occur in the setting ...

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of medical disorders that, in concert, increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It affects about one in four people in the Middle East, and prevalence increases with age. The aim of current review is to discuss the prevalence of MS and ...

Over the last few decades certain demographic changes have been observed worldwide, which have led to an increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated cardiovascular disease are major contributors to this disease burden leading to rising morbidity and mortality. It is worrisome to ...

The effect of glycemic control after starting peritoneal dialysis (PD) on the survival of diabetic PD patients has largely been unexplored, especially in Asian population. We conducted a prospective observational study, in which 140 incident PD patients with diabetes were recruited. Patients were divided into tertiles according to the means ...

Objective: To investigate the rate and impact of hypoglycemic events among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving different classes of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). Research Design and Methods: Adult patients with T2DM were extracted from the Ingenix IMPACT claims database. The mean number of health care visits due ...

Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality. However, not all patients with diabetes are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Coronary artery calcification was found to be a powerful predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD). The presence of extracoronary cardiac calcification as a useful predictor ...

An accurate population-based cohort study of dementia was begun in 1985 in the town of Hisayama, Japan. To examine secular trends in the prevalence of dementia and its subtypes, four cross-sectional surveys were conducted among Hisayama residents aged 65 years or older in 1985, 1992, 1998, and 2005. The prevalence ...

AIMS: Type II diabetes mellitus has been associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC). We investigated if this relationship is maintained in a clinical setting, independent of respiratory infections and heart failure. METHODS: Pulmonary function tests and discharge summaries of 639 adults ...

Aortic valve calcification (AVC) is common in the elderly and associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, while diabetes is one of the confirmed risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of CAD in type-2 diabetic patients with AVC. From June ...

Glucocorticoids are effective for treating several respiratory diseases. However, they can cause hyperglycemia. This study determined the incidence and risk factors of steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (S-DM) in patients treated with glucocorticoid for respiratory diseases. A retrospective study examined patients with respiratory diseases treated with a prednisolone-equivalent glucocorticoid dose exceeding 20 ...

Among 4164 patients, those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) had lower lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) compared with those without DM (DLCO mean±SE: 15.7±0.3 vs. 17.0±0.2mL/min/mmHg, p<0.01). Reduced DLCO predicted hospitalization for pneumonia independent of diabetes control, severity and co-morbidities (OR=2.4, CI 1.08-5.31).

Metformin is an insulin-sensitizing agent with anti-hyperglycemic properties that is widely used for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. The efficacy of metformin in reducing hyperglycemia is well established, and there is emerging evidence that its chronic use is associated with cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. While the hypoglycemic ...

The Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 is a highly regulated membrane protein that is required for pH homoeostasis in cardiomyocytes. The activation of NHE1 leads to proton extrusion, which is essential for counteracting cellular acidity that occurs following increased metabolic activity or ischaemia. The activation of NHE1 intrinsic catalytic activity has been ...

Products of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes. The anti-diabetic properties of cashew plant parts were studied using differentiated C2C12 myoblasts (myotubes) and rat liver mitochondria. Hydroethanolic extract of cashew seed (CSE) and its active component, anacardic acid (AA), stimulated glucose transport ...

The protein kinase Akt is involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, growth and metabolism. Hyperactivation of Akt is commonly observed in human tumours and so this pathway has been the focus of targeted drug discovery. However, Akt also plays an essential role in other physiological processes, such as ...

Smoking is a risk factor for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, mechanisms responsible for smoking-induced insulin resistance are unclear. We examined the combined effect of nicotine, a toxic substance in tobacco smoke, and palmitate in the serum physiological concentration range on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression and impairment of ...

Cornus kousa F.Buerger ex Miquel, an oriental medicinal plant, has been traditionally used for the treatment of hyperglycemia, but its molecular mechanism remains unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand-binding activity of Cornus kousa and to determine the effects of Cornus ...

Hyperleptinemia is commonly found in obese patients, associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the most relevant effectors during hepatic fibrogenesis. We recently reported that leptin stimulated HSC activation, which was eliminated by curcumin, a phytochemical from turmeric. This study was designed to explore the ...

Skeletal muscle is the primary site of dietary glucose disposal, a function that depends on insulin-mediated exocytosis of GLUT4 vesicles to its cell surface. In skeletal muscle and adipocytes, this response involves Akt signaling to the Rab-GAP (GTPase-activating protein) AS160/TBC1D4. Intriguingly, the AS160-targeted Rabs appear to differ, with Rab8A participating ...

Exposure to the organochlorine compounds p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and oxychlordane have been associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes. Although the exact etiology of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, is not known, it is thought that adipose dysfunction plays a vital role in the progression of this disease. Thus, the present ...

Postprandial cellular glucose uptake is dependent on an insulin-signaling cascade in muscle and adipose tissue, resulting in the translocation of the insulin-dependent glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) into the plasma membrane. Additionally, extended food deprivation is characterized by suppressed insulin signaling and decreased Glut4 expression. Northern elephant seals are adapted to ...

As insulin's movement from plasma to muscle interstitium is rate limiting for its metabolic action, defining the regulation of this movement is critical. Here, we address whether caveolin-1 is required for the first step of insulin's transendothelial transport, its uptake by vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and whether IL-6 and TNFα ...

Recently, it has been demonstrated that fibroin and fibroin-derived peptides enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in adipocytes. Here, we show that a synthetic hexapeptide Gly-Ala-Gly-Val-Gly-Tyr (GAGVGY) derived from repetitive amino acid sequence of fibroin improves glucose transport and exerts beneficial lipid metabolic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. GAGVGY increases both ...

Skeletal growth, taking place in the cartilaginous growth plates of long bones, consumes high levels of glucose for both metabolic and anabolic purposes. We previously showed that Glut4 is present in growing bone and is decreased in diabetes. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that in bone, GLUT4 ...

A number of medicinal/culinary herbs have been reported to improve glucose metabolism and to yield hypoglycemic effects in patients with diabetes. Since stimulation of insulin sensitivity appears to be a potential mechanism, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ is a likely target molecule for small lipophilic compounds derived from endogenous metabolism ...

NYGGF4 is a recently discovered gene that is involved in obesity-associated insulin resistance. It has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction might be responsible for the development of insulin resistance induced by NYGGF4 overexpression. In the present study, we aimed to define the impact of down-regulating NYGGF4 expression by RNA interference ...

Adipose tissue mass in mammals is expanding by increasing the average cell volume as well as the total number of the adipocytes. Up-regulation of lipid storage in fully differentiated adipocytes resulting in their enlargement is well documented and thought to be a critical mechanism for the expansion of adipose tissue ...

Previous studies have demonstrated that the VAMP8 protein plays a complex role in the control of granule secretion, transport vesicle trafficking, phagocytosis, and endocytosis. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of VAMP8 in mediating GLUT4 trafficking and therefore insulin action in mice. Physiological parameters were measured using ...

To probe increased O-GlcNAc levels as an independent mechanism governing insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, a new class of O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor was studied. 6-Acetamido-6-deoxy-castanospermine (6-Ac-Cas) is a potent inhibitor of OGA. The structure of 6-Ac-Cas bound in the active site of an OGA homolog reveals structural features contributing to ...

A major consequence of insulin binding its receptor on fat and muscle cells is translocation of the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT4 from an intracellular store to the cell surface where it serves to clear glucose from the bloodstream. Sorting of GLUT4 into its insulin-sensitive store requires the GGA [Golgi-localized, γ-ear-containing, ...

Resveratrol and genistein are plant-derived compounds known to exert pleiotropic effects in many cell types, including adipocytes. However, the effects of these compounds on the energetic status of fat cells are unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether resveratrol and genistein influence adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in freshly isolated ...

While the glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) is fundamental to insulin-regulated glucose metabolism, its dynamic spatial organization in the plasma membrane (PM) is unclear. Here, using multicolor TIRF microscopy in transfected adipose cells, we demonstrate that insulin regulates not only the exocytosis of GLUT4 storage vesicles but also PM distribution of GLUT4 ...

Fas (CD95) belongs to the superfamily of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors. Besides its key role in apoptosis, Fas contributes to non-apoptotic pathways such as cell proliferation and inflammation. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, activation of Fas by Fas ligand decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, without affecting cell viability. This decrease in ...

Irbesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker has been reported to alleviate metabolic disorder in animal studies and human clinical trials. Although this effect may be related to the ability of irbesartan to serve as a partial agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, the target tissues on which ...