The cause of death can be difficult to verify post-mortem in unexpected deaths in patients with Type 1 diabetes. This report describes an unexpected death in a 44-year-old man with Type 1 diabetes treated with sensor-augmented pump therapy. Continuous glucose monitoring data proved useful in determining the cause of death.

Abstract Aims: This study evaluated treatment satisfaction, comfort, and function using the wireless OmniPod™ Insulin Management System (Insulet Corp., Bedford, MA) compared with conventional (infusion set) insulin pumps in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Research Design and Methods: Twenty-nine patients (age, 24.0±5.1 years; diabetes duration, 12.1±5.7 years; insulin pump ...

The objective was to evaluate non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) mortality trends and mortality rate ratios between diabetes patients and the general population, and to study NHL risk factors among diabetes patients in Taiwan. A cohort of 80 397 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus older than 45 years was recruited in 1995-1998 ...

Hospital UKM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) introduced the use of insulin pump therapy in children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in Malaysia in April 2004. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pump therapy and its impact on metabolic control among patients from our institution. Insulin pump therapy resulted ...

The association between diabetes and hyperglycemia and the associated increased risk of several solid and hematologic malignancies has been the subject of investigation for many years. Although the association is not fully understood, current knowledge clearly indicates that diabetes may influence malignant cell transformation by several mechanisms, including hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia ...

In diabetic cardiomyopathy, ventricular dysfunction occurs in the absence of hypertension or atherosclerosis and is accompanied by altered myocardial substrate utilization and depressed mitochondrial respiration. It is not known if mitochondrial function differs across the left ventricular (LV) wall in diabetes. In the healthy heart, the inner subendocardial region demonstrates ...

Diabetic patients show a higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. Their electrocardiograms may show several alterations from normal patterns, many of them related to the QT. Various diastolic and systolic abnormalities are frequently reported in diabetic patients, and the severity of the abnormalities depend on ...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with increased risk of heart failure in type 1 diabetic patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction is suggested as an underlying contributor to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac mitochondria are characterized by subcellular spatial locale, including mitochondria located beneath the sarcolemma, subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM), and mitochondria situated between the myofibrils, interfibrillar ...

In diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, left ventricular dysfunction is widely evaluated and established by conventional diagnostic methods, whereas right ventricular (RV) function is not as sufficiently evaluated. The aim of this study is to assess the preclinical effects of DM on RV function by using novel Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI)-derived ...

Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death, and the majority of these deaths are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Development and progression of myocardial infarction leading to heart failure is much more complex and multifactorial in diabetics compared with non-diabetics. Despite significant advances in pharmacological interventions and surgical ...

Hearts from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats have previously been shown to have impaired intercellular electrical coupling, due to reorganization (lateralization) of connexin43 proteins. Due to the resulting reduction in conduction reserve, conduction velocity in diabetic hearts is more sensitive to conditions that reduce cellular excitability or intercellular electrical coupling. Diabetes ...

Recent studies reported cardioprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury through activation of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway. As RISK has been reported to be impaired in diabetes and insulin resistance syndrome, we examined whether EPO-induced cardioprotection was maintained in rat models of type 1 diabetes ...

The proportion of patients with heart failure (HF) who have diabetes is increasing. Patients with HF not known to be diabetic are at high risk of developing insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, although the true prevalence and incidence are unknown. Despite the frequent co-occurrence of these conditions we have ...

On the basis of transfection experiments using a dominant-negative approach, our previous studies suggested that PKB (protein kinase B) was not involved in heart PFK-2 (6-phosphofructo2-kinase) activation by insulin. Therefore we first tested whether SGK3 (serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3) might be involved in this effect. Treatment of recombinant ...

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications including impaired cardiac muscle function. The effects of insulin treatment on heart rate, body temperature and physical activity in the alloxan (ALX)-induced diabetic rat were investigated using in vivo biotelemetry techniques. The electrocardiogram, physical activity and body temperature were recorded ...

Diabetes mellitus is a serious global health problem, and cardiovascular complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The chronic effects of neonatal alloxan- (ALX) induced diabetes mellitus on ventricular myocyte contraction and intracellular Ca(2+) transport have been investigated. Ventricular myocyte shortening was measured with a ...

Previous studies have suggested that garlic oil could protect the cardiovascular system. However, the mechanism by which garlic oil protects diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy is unclear. In this study, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats received garlic oil (0, 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg of body weight) by gastric gavage every 2 days for ...

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess multilineage differentiation potential and can be used for the treatment of diabetic heart failure. However, hyperglycemia can affect the function of MSCs adversely and merits the requirement for a strategy to correct this anomaly. MSCs were isolated from the tibias and femurs of ...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been characterized by an early impairment of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal function as opposed to preserved LV radial function. Conventional echocardiography and longitudinal (ε(L)) and radial (ε(R)) systolic strain assessed by speckle-tracking imaging were obtained in 114 type 2 diabetic patients and 88 age-matched controls. LV ejection ...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a type of cardiac dysfunction resulting from diabetes, independent of vascular or valvular pathology. It clinically manifests initially as asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction and then progresses to symptomatic heart failure. Two major contributors to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which are unique to diabetes, are hyperglycemia and diabetes-related ...

Microthrombosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac microangiopathy due to diabetes. Recent studies have shown that fibrinogen-like protein 2 (fgl2) plays a pivotal role in microthrombosis in viral hepatitis, acute vascular xenograft rejection and cytokine-induced fetal loss syndrome. The current study was designed to examine the expression of ...

Diabetes increases myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the role of Rac1 signaling and calpain in exacerbated I/R injury in diabetic hearts. Mice with cardiac-specific deletion of Rac1 (Rac1-ko) and transgenic mice with cardiac-specific superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) or calpastatin overexpression were rendered ...

Heart failure (HF) is associated with increased insulin resistance, but the consequences of HF for development of diabetes are not well studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between HF severity and risk of developing diabetes in a nationwide cohort of patients with myocardial infarction ...

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are increased in patients with diabetes and are associated with diastolic dysfunction through the formation of collagen crosslinks in the heart. The association among AGEs, diastolic function, and aerobic capacity in heart failure (HF) patients with and without diabetes is, however, unknown. We therefore studied ...

OBJECTIVE: Myocardial infarction leads to contractile dysfunction. In patients with diabetes, impaired contractility has been associated with the loss of insulin effects and mitochondrial dysfunction. We assessed cardiac insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial and contractile function in rats after ligation of the left coronary artery. METHODS: At 2 weeks after left ...

Although adrenergic receptors (AR) and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) are implicated in heart failure, their role in diabetic cardiomyopathy is not completely understood. We tested the hypothesis that glucose mediated depletion of beta2-AR and HHcy impair contractile function of cardiomyocytes leading to diabetic cardiomyopathy. To prove the hypothesis, cardiac function was assessed ...

Resveratrol (RSV), a natural phenolic compound, has been found to display cardiovascular protective and insulin-sensitizing properties. In this study, the effects of RSV and its combination with insulin on mortality, hemodynamics, insulin signaling, and nitrosative stress were compared in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with or without acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) ...

We have demonstrated that diabetic human myocardium cannot be protected by ischemic preconditioning (IP) and identified a dysfunction of the mitochondria as the cause of the defect. Here we have investigated whether modulation of the nitric oxide (NO) metabolism can overcome the unresponsiveness of the diabetic myocardium to cardioprotection. Myocardial ...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but also leads to cardiomyopathy. However, the etiology of the cardiac disease is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic heart disease. High glucose treatment of isolated cardiac fibroblasts, macrophages and ...

Higher plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in a non-heart failure (HF) range predicts HF and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the general population. Heart failure is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but associations of BNP to left ventricular (LV) mass and function in individuals with a different ...

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. Studies have shown that the heart failure risk is increased in diabetic patients even after adjusting for coronary artery disease and hypertension. Although the cause of this increased heart failure risk is multifactorial, ...

The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the associated high cardiovascular risk has made the non-invasive identification of silent coronary heart disease in diabetic individuals an important issue. This strategy could identify higher risk asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus in whom coronary revascularization may improve the outcome beyond that achieved ...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy, characterized by left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and LV hypertrophy independent of myocardial ischaemia and hypertension, could contribute to the increased life-time risk of congestive heart failure seen in patients with diabetes. We assessed prospectively the prevalence, effectiveness of screening methods [brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-reactive protein in ...

Defective glycolysis and angiogenesis in the heart of diabetic patients and in experimental diabetic animal models have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha protects from myocardial injury in diabetic mice by increasing myocardial glycolysis and angiogenesis. Cardiac-specific HIF-1alpha-overexpressing transgenic and ...

The pathogenesis of diabetes and atherosclerosis is linked through inflammation. Neutrophils contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development, and are dysfunctional in diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive values of two neutrophil degranulation products, myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin, on long-term risk for fatal ischemic heart disease in persons ...

BACKGROUND: Maternal diabetes increases the risk of congenital heart defects in infants, and hyperglycemia acts as a major teratogen. Multiple steps of cardiac development, including endocardial cushion morphogenesis and development of neural crest cells, are challenged under elevated glucose conditions. However, the direct effect of hyperglycemia on embryo heart organogenesis ...

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to observe heart injury in rats with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to explore the relation between insulin resistance and diabetic cardiomyopathy in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance were studied in animal models ...

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) produces cardioprotection by phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) that inhibits the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). The activity of glycogen GSK-3β is elevated during diabetes mellitus (DM). This study investigated the role of GSK-3β in attenuation of cardioprotective effect of IPC in diabetic rat. ...

Bradykinin signaling has been proposed to play either protective or deleterious roles in the development of cardiac dysfunction in response to various pathological stimuli. To further define the role of bradykinin signaling in the diabetic heart, we examined cardiac function in mice with genetic ablation of both bradykinin B1 and ...

Resting heart rate has been shown to predict risk of cardiovascular disease; its association with diabetes remains unclear, particularly in non-Western populations. We evaluated the association between resting heart rate and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. The analysis included ...

Being independent of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct primary disease process, which precedes the development of congestive heart failure. Epidemiologic as well as clinical studies confirmed the close link between diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Altered cardiac structure and function are common diagnoses in patients ...

Although many animal studies indicate insulin has cardioprotective effects, clinical studies suggest a link between insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia) and heart failure (HF). Here we have demonstrated that excessive cardiac insulin signaling exacerbates systolic dysfunction induced by pressure overload in rodents. Chronic pressure overload induced hepatic insulin resistance and plasma insulin ...

Hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance have been linked to diastolic dysfunction experimentally. We investigated the association between glucose metabolism and diastolic function along the whole spectrum of glucose metabolism states. In the observational Diagnostic Trial on Prevalence and Clinical Course of Diastolic Dysfunction and Diastolic Heart Failure (DIAST-CHF) study, patients with ...

Positive inotropic effects of insulin were described early after the isolation of insulin from the pancreas but data on the effect of insulin on the heart are conflicting. Systemic insulin administration results in a reduction in circulating free fatty acids and an improvement in myocardial glucose uptake, which causes an ...

Background. Neurohormonal activation is generally recognised to play an important role in the pathophysiology, prognosis and treatment of chronic heart failure (HF). While the number of patients with diabetes increases, little if anything is known about neurohormonal activation in HF patients with diabetes. Methods. The study population consisted of 371 ...

Patients with diabetes mellitus are at higher risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Although there are several animal and human studies on this topic, the pathophysiology of the increased electrical vulnerability in diabetes is complex and remain undefined. It is conceivable that an interplay of several concomitant factors may ...

Previous studies related impaired myocardial microcirculation in diabetes to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the effect of up-regulating pAMPK-pAKT signaling on coronary microvascular reactivity in the isolated heart of diabetic mice. We measured coronary resistance in wild-type and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice, during perfusion ...

The peptidases angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) mediate most of the kinin catabolism in normal cardiac tissue and are the molecular targets of inhibitory drugs that favorably influence diabetic complications. We studied the variations of those kininases in the myocardium of rats in experimental diabetes. ACE and ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular defects are the most common anomalies in diabetic embryopathy. The mechanisms underlying the manifestation of the defects remain to be addressed. METHODS: Female mice were administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Embryos from euglycemic (control) and hyperglycemic groups were examined for morphological and histological evaluation of malformations. Cell proliferation ...

Cardiac inotropy progressively declines during diabetes mellitus. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying this defect remain incompletely characterized. This study tests the hypothesis that ventricular myosin heavy chains (MHC) undergo carbonylation by reactive carbonyl species (RCS) during diabetes and these modifications contribute to the inotropic decline. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were ...