Postprandial insulin release is regulated by glucose, but other circulating nutrients may target beta cells and potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via distinct signaling pathways. We demonstrate that fructose activates sweet taste receptors (TRs) on beta cells and synergizes with glucose to amplify insulin release in human and mouse islets. Genetic ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the separate impact of insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on the incretin effect. METHODS: Twenty-one healthy glucose-tolerant first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes underwent a 75 g OGTT, an isoglycaemic i.v. glucose test and a mixed meal to ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Diabetes frequently develops in patients with pancreatic disorders. We aimed to determine the lower threshold of beta cell area for diabetes manifestation as well as the impact of insulin sensitivity on glucose homoeostasis in patients with pancreatic diabetes. METHODS: Eighty-two patients undergoing pancreatic surgery underwent pre-operative oral glucose challenge. ...

Chronic hyperglycemia inhibits the male gonadal axis. The present analyses test the hypothesis that acute glucose ingestion also suppresses LH and testosterone (T) secretion, and blunts the LH-T dose-response function. The design comprised a prospectively randomized crossover comparison of LH and T secretion after glucose vs water ingestion in a ...

Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) improves insulin sensitivity in patients with end-stage renal disease, and animal studies indicate that Epo increases fat oxidation. However, the metabolic effects of rHuEpo have never been experimentally studied in healthy humans. The aim was to investigate the effects of an acute rHuEpo bolus ...

Starchy food products differ in the rate of starch digestion, which can affect their metabolic impact. In this study, we examined how the in vivo starch digestibility is reflected by the glycemic response, because this response is often used to predict starch digestibility. Ten healthy male volunteers [age 21 ± ...

Introduction.  Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a frequent comorbidity in men with diabetes and is frequently overlooked in routine clinical evaluation. Albuminuria, a marker of endothelial dysfunction, may link to ED. Aim.  The study evaluated the association of albuminuria with risk factors of ED in men with type 2 diabetes. Methods.  ...

Abstract Objective: College lifestyle places an individual at greater risk for the development of insulin resistance (IR) and disease. The aim of this study was to establish a baseline measurement of insulin, and other variables influencing IR in college freshmen. Participants: Twenty-two men and women, 18 to 19 years of ...

Insulin and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system regulate growth and are involved in determining muscle mass, strength and body composition. We hypothesised that IGF-I and IGF-II are associated with improved, and insulin with worse, physical performance in old age. Physical performance was measured using the get-up and go timed ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of amyloid beta (A beta) peptide in brain regions subserving memory and other cognitive functions. Hyperglycemia and perturbed insulin signaling have been proposed as pathogenic factors contributing to AD. The aim of the present study is to validate the ...

There have not been yet enough studies about effects of beta glucan and gliclazide on oxidative stress created by streptozotocin in the brain and sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. The aim of this paper was to investigate the antioxidant effects of gliclazide and beta glucan on oxidative stress and lipid ...

Aim:  To describe symptoms of a first myocardial infarction in men and women with and without diabetes. Methods:  We conducted a population-based study of 4028 people aged 25-74 years, with first myocardial infarction registered in the Northern Sweden Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) myocardial infarction registry ...

This study examined electroretinographic function in healthy subjects before and after prednisolone intake. To separate the effect of prednisolone on the retina from the potentially confounding hyperglycemia-inducing effect of prednisolone, electroretinography was made while fasting and at a pre-specified level of clamped hyperglycemia. The study included 10 eyes in 10 ...

Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) or age-associated testosterone deficiency syndrome is defined as a clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with advancing age and characterised by symptoms and a deficiency in serum testosterone levels. This condition may result in significant detriment in the quality of life and adversely affect the function of multiple ...

BACKGROUND: Osteocalcin has been related to insulin secretion in experimental models. Few prospective studies have evaluated the association between circulating osteocalcin concentrations and insulin secretion and sensitivity in humans. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between circulating forms of osteocalcin and insulin secretion and sensitivity in ...

Abstract Objective: This study investigates the accuracy of a newly developed, next-generation subcutaneous glucose sensor, evaluated for 6-day use. Research Design and Methods: Seventy-nine subjects (53 men, 26 women) with type 1 diabetes and 18 subjects (14 men, four women) with type 2 diabetes completed a three-center, prospective, sensor accuracy ...

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a study to determine whether diabetes treatment is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and progression in black and white men. Diabetes has been associated with BPH and LUTS in aging men. METHODS: Using the Olmsted County Study of Urinary Symptoms and Health ...

OBJECTIVE: Inconsistent findings from observational studies have prolonged the controversy over the effects of history of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the risk of esophageal cancer (EC). We conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies to evaluate the association of a history of DM with the risk of EC. METHODS: We identified ...

This study examined the impact of brown seaweed on post-load plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in men and women. Twenty-three participants (11 men, 12 women) aged 19-59 years were recruited in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. The test product consisted of a commercially available blend of brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum ...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hip circumference (HC) and height on diabetes incidence in non-diabetic first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 1,092 (254 men and 838 women) non-diabetics FDRs ≥ 30 years old in 2003-2005 were followed through 2010 for the ...

Abstract Introduction. Seasonal variations in hemoglobin-A1c have been reported in diabetic patients, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Aims. To study if insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and fasting plasma glucose showed seasonal variations in a Swedish population-based cohort of elderly men. Methods. Altogether 1117 men were investigated with ...

Atherosclerotic vascular disease is common in diabetes, and some data support a link with bone loss. This study evaluates the association between osteoporosis and clinical and metabolic factors and chronic complications of diabetes. We studied 59 diabetic men aged 50-80yr who were assessed with bone densitometry (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Of ...

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing in the world. One of the complications of diabetes includes disturbance of the reproductive tract, such as infertility, erectile dysfunction, and endocrine disruption. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical produced by most cells including the human male and female reproductive tracts. ...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased release of free radicals which play an important role in the manifestation of diabetes and in the progression of diabetic complications. Peroxiredoxins are thought to be essential components of the erythrocyte antioxidative defense. Therefore, we compared peroxiredoxin isoform contents (PRDX1-6 ...

Insulin is often infused based upon total body weight (TBW) or fat-free mass (FFM) for glucose clamp protocols. We observed greater insulin concentrations in men than women using this approach and examined whether splanchnic insulin extraction accounts for the differences. Whole-body insulin clearance was measured during a pancreatic clamp study ...

OBJECTIVES: We determined in non-diabetic persons the associations of current smoking with future glucose and insulin concentrations. DESIGN AND METHODS: Middle-aged non-diabetic adults (n=1071) were studied in whom these values were measured at baseline and 5.2-years later. RESULTS: Age-adjusted fasting insulin concentrations in 137 smoking men remained lower than never ...

AIM: There is increasing awareness of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes but limited data from Primary Care. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The anonymised records of 6457 male patients aged 18-80 years with diabetes were accessed. Within the last 2 years 391 men (6.0% of total) underwent measurement of serum ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of increasing numbers of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components on postprandial lipaemia. METHODS: Healthy men (n=112) underwent a sequential meal postprandial investigation, in which blood samples were taken at regular intervals after a test breakfast (0min) and lunch (330min). Lipids, glucose and insulin were measured in ...

OBJECTIVE With increasing life expectancy in the U.S., it is important to know whether a longer life expectancy means a longer healthy life span or a prolonged period of later-life morbidity. This study examines changes in lifetime without diabetes, a leading cause of morbidity in later life. RESEARCH DESIGN AND ...

Objective:  To determine whether circulating metabolic intermediates are associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and arterial stiffness in men with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and investigate the circulating metabolic intermediates that may predict the risk of developing diabetes. Research Design and Methods:  Men with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n=26) and age- ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of eating behaviour traits on central obesity, prediabetes and associated major dietary food patterns. DESIGN: Assessment of eating behaviour was based on the revised German version of the Three-Eating Factor Questionnaire using cross-sectional and longitudinal data of a feasibility study in employees. Data on lifestyle ...

Objectives:  Since type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) abolishes the lower cardiovascular risk of females, we investigated the role played by changes in blood lipids. Methods:  In 1091 consecutive subjects, 478 men and 613 women, we executed OGTT to subdivide them in: normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n=589); pre-diabetes (pre-DM2) including impaired ...

Postprandial hyperglycemia induces vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) and increases future cardiovascular disease risk. We hypothesized that postprandial hyperglycemia would decrease vascular function in healthy men by inducing oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses and increasing asymmetric dimethylarginine:arginine (ADMA:arginine), a biomarker that is predictive of reduced NO biosynthesis. In a randomized, cross-over ...

AIM: Increasing evidence suggests that a history of diabetes may be involved in the development of various sites of cancer. However, the association of diabetes and risk of gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. METHODS: We identified studies by a literature search of MEDLINE (from 1 January 1966), Web of Science ...

OBJECTIVETo examine longitudinal changes in total and appendicular lean body mass in older men with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or diabetes and to determine whether these changes differ by diabetes treatment.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 3,752 ambulatory men aged ≥65 years at baseline participated in a multicenter longitudinal cohort ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (one of the final products of lipid peroxidation and well-known marker of oxidative stress) in semen of infertile men with type 2 diabetes and to investigate its relationship with their glycaemic control. Forty infertile men with type ...

Although the majority of patients with diabetes have disorders in sexual function, associations between diabetes mellitus and sperm function at the molecular level are largely unknown. As receptor for advanced glycation end products plays a key role in many diabetic complications, we hypothesised that it may be involved in sperm ...

Background:  Osteocalcin (OC), an osteoblast-specific protein, has been demonstrated to affect glucose metabolism in both animals and humans. Studies in animals have shown an effect of undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) on beta cell proliferation and insulin resistance. It remains unclear whether OC is associated with the future development of diabetes in ...

Studies over the last few years have clearly established that at least 25% of men with type 2 diabetes have subnormal free testosterone concentrations in association with inappropriately low LH and FSH concentrations. Another 4% have subnormal testosterone concentrations with elevated LH and FSH concentrations. The Endocrine Society, therefore, now ...

The objectives of the study were to quantify the effect of a 1-year healthy eating-physical activity/exercise lifestyle modification program on insulin sensitivity in viscerally obese men classified according to their glucose tolerance status and to evaluate the respective contributions of changes in body fat distribution vs changes in cardiorespiratory fitness ...

Around 50 per cent of men with diabetes experience erectile dysfunction. Much of the literature focuses on quality of life measures with heterosexual men in monogamous relationships. This study explores gay and bisexual men's experiences of sex and diabetes. Thirteen interviews were analysed and three themes identified: erectile problems; other ...

Objective:  Testosterone levels are commonly lowered in men with diabetes but it is unclear how these relate to symptoms of hypogonadism and quality of life. We sought to investigate the relationship between testosterone levels, symptoms of androgen deficiency, erectile function and quality of life in men with type 1 and ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although diabetes mellitus has been recognized as a risk factor for ischemic stroke, evidence is limited for ischemic stroke subtypes among Asians. METHODS: A survey was conducted of a total of 13 129 men and 22 528 women aged 40 to 69 years at baseline. During the ...

BACKGROUND: Although insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) are involved in age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, the association of these hormones with serum adiponectin level is still unclear. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: To investigate the association between serum IGF-I and DHEA-S versus adiponectin, we conducted a ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) event rates are decreasing, but the prevalence of diabetes is increasing. The effect of these developments on the population attributable fraction (PAF) of CVD events due to diabetes is not known. METHODS: We used country-wide healthcare registers to identify all persons aged 25-80 years treated for diabetes ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Chronic conditions such as coronary heart disease (CHD) challenge health care to provide systematic and long-lasting disease management. In this study of patients who were revascularized, we examine whether treatment pathways leading to coronary revascularisation differ between patients with and without diabetes. METHODS: This retrospective, nationwide register-based study ...

OBJECTIVE To assess basal and insulin-mediated VLDL-triglyceride (TG) kinetics and the relationship between VLDL-triglyceride secretion and hepatic insulin resistance assessed by endogenous glucose production (EGP) in obese and lean men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 12 normoglycemic, obese (waist-to-hip ratio >0.9, BMI >30 kg/m(2)) and 12 lean (BMI ...

This cohort study investigated the association between dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Japanese men, and the effect of insulin resistance and pancreatic B-cell function on the association. Participants were 1995 male employees of a metal products factory in ...

Objective:  In men with prostate cancer, androgen deprivation reduces insulin sensitivity; however, the relative roles played by testosterone and estradiol are unknown. To investigate the respective effects of these hormones on insulin sensitivity in men, we employed a model of experimental hypogonadism with or without hormone replacement. Design:  Placebo-controlled, randomized ...

Aim: There is increasing evidence of a strong link between erectile dysfunction and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score and albuminuria as well as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in men with type ...