Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays a vital role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The renoprotective nature of taurine has also been reported earlier; but little is known about the mechanism of this beneficial action. The present study has, therefore, been carried out to explore in detail the mechanism of the ...

An increase in the prevalence of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported by numerous studies in the United States during the past two decades. Available data from Europe are scarce, but also suggest the rising prevalence of this disease in overweight children. The aim of this study ...

OBJECTIVETo examine the performance of current screening recommendations for detecting dysglycemia in children and adolescents with obesity.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn a cross-sectional study, an oral glucose tolerance test and demographic (age, sex, family history of diabetes, and ethnicity), clinical (BMI z score, waist circumference, and pubertal stage), and laboratory variables ...

Background:  Metalloproteinases of the external matrix play an important role in ethiopatogenesis of diabetic complications especially in microangiopathy and also in fibrosing processes with occurrence the cheiroarthropathy, but clinical data are insufficient. Aims:  The aim of the study was to assess the influence of metalloproteinases such as gelatinase A (MMP2) ...

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The deficiency of insulin leads to metabolic decompensation, causing hyperglycemia and ketosis that resolves with the administration of insulin and fluids. However, an induced state of ketosis is ...

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children may be associated with neurocognitive deficits of unclear cause. A recent retrospective study in children suggested possible associations between diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and decreased memory. The current investigation was undertaken to determine whether cognitive deficits could be detected after a single episode of ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of type 1 diabetes on growth and adult height. STUDY DESIGN: Data from 22 651 children (10 494 females) with type 1 diabetes documented at onset of the disease from specialized centers in Germany and Austria were analyzed. Patients of non-German and non-Austrian origin and ...

Background:Pediatric obesity continues to rise and has become a major health problem worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been increasing among obese non-Asian children and is associated with abnormal glucose homeostasis in obese adults. However, data on the vitamin D status and its association with glucose homeostasis in obese children residing ...

Objectives.  To improve the monitoring and control of glycated haemoglobin in insulin-dependent children. This article describes an educational intervention for this purpose where One Touch UltraSmart™ Software was used to manage diabetes. The results showed that this intervention helped to reduce the levels of blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin to ...

Autoreactive CD4(+) T cells contribute to the destruction of insulin producing beta cells in Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Using MHC class II tetramers, we have analyzed the frequency of GAD65- (274-286; 555-567) and insulin- (A1-15; A6-21) specific CD4(+) T cells in 31 children with T1D, 65 multiple autoantibody-positive children and ...

BACKGROUND:: Hyperglycemia is common in critically ill children and appears to be associated with poor outcomes. However, the incidence of hypoglycemia while attempting glycemic control using an insulin infusion may be as high as 25% and hypoglycemia may be an independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill children. METHODS:: ...

OBJECTIVEContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been demonstrated to improve glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes but less so in children. We designed a study to assess CGM benefit in young children aged 4 to 9 years with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSAfter a run-in phase, 146 children ...

Objective: Aim was to identify risk factors for the development and progression of untreated persistent microalbuminuria in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Design and Methods: A total number of 683 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes recruited from the prospective nationwide German and Austrian diabetes survey (DPV) were ...

OBJECTIVETo describe the long-term metabolic outcome of children with congenital hyperinsulinism after near-total or partial elective pancreatectomy.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSPatients (n = 105: 58 diffuse and 47 focal congenital hyperinsulinism) received operations between 1984 and 2006. Follow-up consisted of periodic measurements of pre- and postprandial plasma glucose over 24 h, ...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of celiac disease among type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients is 5-10 times higher than in the general population. Thus, evaluation of celiac serology is indicated at diagnosis of T1DM and on follow up. AIM: This study was prompted by the observation that elevated anti-TTG antibody levels ...

Granuloma annulare has been widely described in adults in association with systemic diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus. However in childhood this relationship remains unclear. We report the case of an 8-year-old girl, with multiple granuloma annulare as first clinical manifestation of type one diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)-identified prediabetic state (HbA1c ≥6.0%-6.4%) is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (SI) and β-cell dysfunction, known factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, in an overweight pediatric population. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 206 healthy overweight Latino adolescents (124 males and 82 ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of gender on glycemic control, diabetic complications and associated abnormalities in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS: In the present cross-sectional study, patients with T1DM referred to endocrinology clinic in children's hospital medical center in Tehran from March 2005 through March 2007 were ...

Context Significant hyperlipidemia causing lipemic serum in patients with poorly controlled diabetes is under-reported in children. The recognition of the severe hyperlipidemia is important for proper management and to prevent associated morbidities. Severe hyperlipidemia in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis should be considered. Case report In this case we report a ...

OBJECTIVE The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing. Delivery by cesarean section is also more prevalent, and it is suggested that cesarean section is associated with type 1 diabetes risk. We examine associations between cesarean delivery, islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes, and genes involved in type 1 diabetes ...

Objective:Preventing long-term diabetic complications requires good metabolic control, especially in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We describe the metabolic control of T1DM and the factors affecting it among children and adolescents attending the Pediatric Clinic at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on T1DM children ...

Diabetes mellitus diagnosed during the first 2 years of life differs from the disease in older children regarding its causes, clinical characteristics, treatment options and needs in terms of education and psychosocial support. Over the past decade, new genetic causes of neonatal diabetes mellitus have been elucidated, including monogenic β-cell ...

Among the factors predisposing to type 2 diabetes in children, adolescents, and young adults, the health and behavior of both the mother and father are critical. Prevention and treatment of parental nutritional disorders (including obesity and malnutrition), promotion of breastfeeding, and avoidance of overfeeding of young children are essential for ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency, duration, and relationship of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to glycemic control and rate of hypoglycemia in children and adults in Germany and Austria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: From 59 920 patients documented in the DPV (Diabetessoftware zur prospektiven Verlaufsdokumentation) database, 144 385 sensor days of 2874 patients using ...

Kaas A, Max Andersen ML, Fredheim S, Hougaard P, Buschard K, Petersen JS, de Beaufort C, Robertson KJ, Hansen L, Mortensen HB, Nielsen LB, On behalf of The Hvidoere Study Group on childhood diabetes. Proinsulin, GLP-1, and glucagon are associated with partial remission in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed ...

Context:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is considered a proinflammatory condition. Adipose tissue involvement seems evident because adiponectin levels correlate with disease remission and administration of leptin suppresses the low-grade systemic inflammation in mice with T1D. Whether adipose tissue involvement in T1D already occurs at a young age is yet unknown.Objective:The aim ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to measure health related quality of life (HRQOL) in Iranian children with type 1 diabetes and to test the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL 3.0 Diabetes Module. METHODS: Participants were 94 ...

We assessed the presence of lung dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes, evaluated as reduced diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and its components: membrane diffusing capacity (DM) and pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc). A total of 42 children, aged 15.6 ± 3.8 years, with type 1 diabetes ...

OBJECTIVEWe examined associations of birth weight and weight gain in infancy and early childhood with type 2 diabetes (DM) risk in five cohorts from low- and middle-income countries.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSParticipants were 6,511 young adults from Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa. Exposures were weight at birth, at ...

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the arsenic methylation profile of adolescents and explored the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the arsenic methylation profile of adolescents in an area of Taiwan with no-obvious arsenic exposure. METHODS: This study evaluated 202 normal weight students and 101 obese students from eight elementary ...

Aim:  To examine the clinical impact of insulin-pump therapy for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in a regional paediatric service, Auckland, New Zealand. Methods:  Retrospective analysis of children with T1DM from the Starship paediatric diabetes database who started on insulin-pump therapy from 2002 to 2008 compared with the ...

Background: A large single-center randomized trial showed that treating hyperglycemia in critically ill children improved outcome, despite an increased incidence of hypoglycemia, especially in infants. Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy and incidence of hypoglycemia using a tight glucose protocol in critically ill term neonates. Methods: Term hyperglycemic (>8 mmol·l(-1); >144 ...

OBJECTIVETo investigate the temporal trend of metabolic control and potential predictors in German and Austrian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis study is based on a large, multicenter database for prospective longitudinal documentation of diabetes care in Germany and Austria. Data from 30,708 patients documented in ...

Objectives:The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in obese and non-overweight children in North Texas, to examine relationships between dietary habits and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level in obese children, and to examine the relationship between 25(OH)D level and markers of abnormal glucose metabolism ...

Winkler C, Schober E, Ziegler A-G, Holl RW. Markedly reduced rate of diabetic ketoacidosis at onset of type 1 diabetes in relatives screened for islet autoantibodies. Objective: To determine whether screening for islet autoantibodies in children prevents ketoacidosis and other metabolic complications at diabetes onset and improves the clinical course ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Children with type 1 diabetes (DM1) often use three daily (TID) injections with intermediate acting insulin at breakfast and bedtime, and rapid acting insulin at breakfast and dinner. Substituting the evening intermediate acting insulin with a long acting insulin analogue (LAIA) at dinner in a twice daily (BID) ...

Objective: Several cutoff points of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (varying from 2.5 to 4.0) have been suggested for diagnosing insulin resistance in youth. In this study, we determined the distribution of the HOMA-IR in Mexican children and adolescents.Design and Methods: A total of 6,132 children and ...

Stress hyperglycemia in children is considered a benign condition that usually does not mandate further investigation. In some clinical settings it might be the first sign of diabetes mellitus (DM). Two unrelated boys, one aged 2 years 7 months and the other aged 5 days, were evaluated in the emergency ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of epilepsy and possible risk factors in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted an observational cohort study based on the Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation database including data from 45 851 patients (52% male) with type 1 diabetes mellitus, age 13.9 ± 4.3 ...

Since the first in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) birth in 1978, the number of children born by assisted reproductive technologies (ART) continues to increase worldwide. However, the safety issues surrounding these procedures remain controversial, and the long term impact on human health is unknown. There is emerging evidence to indicate that IVF ...

This study aims to present an experience in the management and clinical features of 88 children presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) from Pakistan. A retrospective medical chart review of all patients, < or = 15 years of age, who presented to the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan in the ...

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is effective and safe in children and adults with type 1 diabetes. Notwithstanding, some patients decide to discontinue using CSII. We evaluated the discontinuation rate, and its related factors, in a large group of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes using CSII in Italy. ...

Published data on the role of neonatal jaundice as a risk factor for childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus is inconsistent. We aimed to review systematically, the evidence for an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in children diagnosed with neonatal jaundice. A comprehensive search of the published literature was performed ...

Adiponectin serum levels were significantly lower in obese diabetic than in non-obese healthy boys (P <0.001). Circulating soluble E-selectin levels was significantly higher in obese diabetic boys than the healthy non-obese (P <0.01). There were significant inverse correlations between adiponectin and sE-selectin, hsCRP, IL-1b, and MCP-1 and positively with NOx. ...

OBJECTIVEYoung children have an unacceptably high prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether knowledge of genetic risk and close follow-up for development of islet autoantibodies through participation in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the ...

Treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) allows a large degree of treatment individualization and intensification in children with diabetes. The study's aim was to evaluate the impact of treatment with CSII on glycated haemoglobin level (HbA1c) in children with diabetes and investigate whether introduction of CSII is associated with ...

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a crucial element of clinical care in type 1 diabetes, but it may not provide adequate glucose control. A newer alternative approach is continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system, which allows a more thorough metabolic control. However, the results of trials comparing CGM with SMBG ...

There is an alarming increase in obesity and type- 2 diabetes in children. This article describes the process used to develop a diabetes prevention education program led by a group of volunteers from a community. Professionals in the field of nursing, education, nutrition, physical education, and fitness combined their expertise ...

Kharagjitsingh AV, de Ridder MAJ, Alizadeh BZ, Veeze HJ, Bruining GJ, Roep BO, Koeleman BPC. Genetic correlates of early accelerated infant growth associated with juvenile-onset type 1diabetes. Objective: We previously showed that accelerated growth predisposing to development of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) is restricted to the first year after ...

OBJECTIVETo examine rates of severe hypoglycemia (SH) in a large population-based cohort of children with type 1 diabetes and relationships to HbA(1c).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSData from 1,683 children (mean [SD] age at diagnosis 10.5 ± 4.2; range 1-18 years) from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed from the Western Australian Childhood ...