Diabetes mellitus categorized as type I and II, is a disease of pancreatic insulin, affecting blood glucose level in the body. Recent evidence suggests that cardiac diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and diabetic cardiomyopathy are associated with diabetes and hyperglycemia. The adenosine receptors (AR) have ...

The neuropeptide galanin regulates numerous physiological activities in the body, including feeding and metabolism, learning and memory, nociception and spinal reflexes, and anxiety and related behaviors. Modulation of blood glucose levels by suppressing insulin release was the first reported activity for galanin. This inhibition was mediated by one or more ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesised that diabetic patients would differ from those without diabetes in regard to the handling of glucose-derived reactive metabolites, evidenced by triosephosphate intermediates (TP(INT)) and methylglyoxal (MG), irrespective of the type of diabetes, plasma glucose level or HbA(1c) value. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, erythrocytes were isolated from ...

Among the active components in traditional anti-diabetic herbal plants, berberine which is an isoquinoline alkaloid exhibits promising potential for its potent anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic effects. However, the berberine effect on serum glucose levels in type 1 diabetes (T1D) subjects still remains unknown. This study investigated berberine's effects on serum glucose ...

In the South-East Asian subcontinent, flatbreads contribute the main portion of carbohydrate to a meal. There are no specific data on the effect of different flatbreads on satiety and recurrent hunger, as indicated by the duration of ghrelin suppression after a meal. The present study was designed to examine the ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the non-remission of type 2 diabetes in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients. METHODS: A group of patients not in remission (NR) was formed (n = 13). A remission group (R) was composed of patients who had undergone normalization of ...

In the present study, the putative antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of a flavanone, naringenin, were evaluated in comparison with those of glyclazide, a standard drug for therapy of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes was induced experimentally in 12-h-fasted rats by intraperitoneal injections of first streptozotocin (50 mg/kg b.w.) and then of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg ...

BACKGROUND: Blood glucose excursion is an important component of the glycemic burden, but there are no indexes that can directly reflect them. The aim was to evaluate the values and significance of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) in China, and elucidate the relationship between 1,5-AG and ...

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients may be important to introduce treatment early. Echocardiography is a method used to show the ventricular functions. A ventricular hormone, BNP is used to identify the changes in the ventricular function in early period. NT-proBNP which is a more stable compound ...

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to serious cardiovascular, renal, neurologic and retinal complications. Diabetes clustered with hypertension and nephropathy has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally. This study describes diabetes, hypertension and nephropathy with reference to glycemic control, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction ...

Relationship between hyperglycemia and stroke outcome is unclear, partly due to the small sample size in most studies, and partly due to lack of consensus concerning the cutoff level for hyperglycemia. In a cohort study, we investigated whether on-admission hyperglycemia is an independent predictor for 30-day case fatality by analyzing ...

Objective. Adiponectin has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the influence of adiponectin on glucose tolerance status, adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). Design and Patients. Study consisted of 107 subjects: 55 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 52 with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) who were divided into two groups: ...

Objective:  To investigate carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels in subjects with different glucose regulation status and assess the relationship between CA 19-9 and glucose regulation status in a Chinese population aged 40 years and older. Methods:  A total of 2792 participants aged 40 or older without history of diabetes were ...

Aims : People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are characterised by reduced incretin effect and inappropriate glucagon levels. We evaluated alpha and beta cell responses to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion (IIGI) in lean and obese persons with T2DM or normal glucose tolerance (NGT) ...

We measured circulating S100A8/A9 (MRP8/14) complex levels before and after 3-month treatment with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic patients. The results showed that pioglitazone reduced circulating S100A8/A9 complex levels, without changing body mass index, in type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity.

Background. Phosphate homeostasis is connected to glucose metabolism and is influenced by insulin, but the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is unknown in this relation. Therefore, the levels of FGF23 and phosphate were investigated during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp in healthy and type 2 diabetic individuals. Methods. The study ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes mellitus are known to have increased serum levels of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and this is also associated with insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum AGEs and insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). METHODS: Adult males with ...

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a new metabolic regulator with beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism in animal models of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between FGF-21 and diabetic nephropathy in humans. Serum FGF-21 levels were determined in groups of control ...

Diabetic retinopathy is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the leading cause of blindness in adults. Homocysteine, a risk factor with toxic effects on vascular endothelial cells, and bilirubin, a protectant with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on the vasculature, have been reported to be linked to vaso-occlusive ...

Microalbuminuria is the best predictor of diabetic nephropathy development in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). It is also accepted as an indicator of diabetic microangiopathy. Increased activation of platelets has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular complications. In light of these findings, this study ...

We found no data in the literature related to oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidative status (TOS) and prolidase activity in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the oxidative status of DN patients via measurement of TOS and serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and ...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of chronic administration of ethanolic extract of Eryngium carlinae on glucose, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels in serum of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. Triglycerides, ...

Purpose: HCV chronic infection still presents a very serious epidemiological and clinical problem. Apart from its cytopathic effect on liver parenchyma, its detrimental effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism has recently been emphasized. The aim of the study was to assess lipid and carbohydrate parameters in children with chronic HCV-related ...

Objectives: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with cardiovascular disease. The aims of this study were to investigate lipid and glucose metabolism in mild PHPT, and to identify whether insulin sensitivity correlates with circulating levels of adiponectin, SHBG, and osteocalcin before and after parathyroidectomy (PTX). Materials and methods: Forty-five patients with ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Soluble ST2, a member of the of the Toll/IL-1 superfamily, is a novel biomarker with exceptional predictive value in heart failure and myocardial infarction- related mortality as well as in acute dyspneic states. Soluble ST2 is considered a decoy receptor of IL 33 that blocks the protective effects ...

In this 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the efficacy and safety of transglucosidase (TGD) were compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At 12 weeks, TGD 300 mg/d and TGD 900 mg/d significantly reduced HbA1c (0.18% and 0.21%) and insulin concentration (19.4 and 25.0 pmol/L), respectively, ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the daily administration of α-lipoic acid (LA) during 4 weeks prevents the redox disturbance in red blood cells (RBC) described in diabetes METHODS: Multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes was induced in rats by the administration of 40 mg/kg STZ intraperitoneally (i.p.) for ...

Abstract Aims: Animal research has demonstrated that boron has effects on triglycerides and glucose and may act as a metabolic regulator in several enzymatic systems. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent obstetrical complication and the lack of data on maternal status of boron in normal/diabetic pregnancies, prompted us to ...

The role of insulin during the formation of bone in the augmented space of the maxillary sinus in patients with diabetes is unclear. The authors compared the differences in bone formation after maxillary sinus floor elevation in diabetic and healthy animals and evaluated the effects of insulin on osteogenesis and ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. Herein, we conducted a systematic review to quantify the association between elevated HbA1c levels and all-cause mortality among patients hospitalized with CAD. METHODS: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, Web of ...

We investigated the effects of prolonged treatment of diabetic rats with curcumin-supplemented yoghurt on the physiological and biochemical changes associated with diabetes mellitus. An established metabolic cage model was used to assess these changes in three groups of streptozotocin-diabetic rats which had been administered, by gavage, curcumin blended into yoghurt ...

The aim of this study was to assess the changes in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in relation to fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose (PG) levels and to assess the independent contributions of their impairments to non-diabetic hyperglycemia. A total of 2157 Japanese workers (mean age 52.6±7.3 years and mean ...

Aim:  The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic effects of an ethinyl estradiol (EE) and desogestrel (DSG) combination pill in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods:  A total of 42 women with PCOS were treated with an EE 30 mcg and DSG 150 mcg (EE/DSG) combination pill for ...

AIM: The role of oxidative damage to DNA due to hyperglycemia is well known. In the current study we have evaluated the induction of micronuclei due to increased glycosylation in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Forty-nine subjects divided into two groups of normoglycemic controls and type 2 diabetic cases were recruited ...

Vitex negundo is a medicinal plant used to treat many ailments. An active compound of iridoid glucoside was isolated from V. negundo leaves and its efficacy was investigated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats with special reference to carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes. The optimum dose of iridoid glucoside was determined by oral ...

OBJECTIVE - Treatment with an analog of human leptin, metreleptin, has been shown to benefit the metabolic abnormalities in patients with rare syndromes of inherited or acquired lipodystrophy. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the long-term clinical effect of metreleptin on glycemic and lipid abnormalities and markers of ...

Objective. To determine the effects of Tinospora crispa on serum glucose and insulin levels in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method. Serum from 10 healthy subjects and 10 diabetic participants, who had fasted overnight, were obtained every 30-60 minutes during the 3 hours of continued fasting ...

To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of Albizia odoratissima Benth. bark in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Group-I(normal control) mice received only basal diet without any treatment. In Group- II(Diabetic control) mice, diabetes was induced by alloxan (150 mg/kg i.p.) and received only Tween 80, 5% v/v in normal ...

The effect of betacarotene (BC) supplementation on the onset of puberty and serum insulin levels in goats was evaluated in the study. In June, prepuberal goats (n=17; 3 months old; 7/8 Saanen-Alpine; 26° NL) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1/ betacarotene group supplemented daily with 50 mg ...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The plant Cocos nucifera Linn. (Arecaceae) is commonly known as coconut. Traditionally the juice of the young spadix when fresh is used in diarrhea and diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of antidiabetic activity and effect on lipid ...

OBJECTIVE: The serum N-terminal fragment of pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level in type 2 diabetic subjects with or without diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum NT-proBNP levels and different stages of diabetic nephropathy, and identify probable factors predicting serum NT-proBNP level. ...

ABSTRACT: Background The pancreas has dual functions as a digestive organ and as an endocrine organ, by secreting digestive enzymes and endocrine hormones. Some early studies have revealed that serum amylase levels are lower in individuals with chronic pancreatitis, severe long-term type 2 diabetes or type 1 diabetes. Regarding this ...

In the present study, the anti-diabetic effects of a traditional Chinese medicinal formula extract, TongGuanWan, were investigated in type 2 diabetic animals. It was orally administered to C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice once a day for 4 weeks at the doses of 62, 125, and 250 mg/kg body weight. TongGuanWan significantly lowered the blood ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: We examined the association of biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in persons from Inner Mongolia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,536 people aged 20 years and older from Inner Mongolia, China. Overnight fasting blood samples were obtained to measure ...

Objective: To identify the clinical parameters associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in overweight and obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We studied 27 patients (11 males) with type 2 diabetes. Criteria for selection were age (12-19 years), body mass index above the 95th percentile for age and ...

Background: Although accumulating evidence shows that aging hormones are involved in glucose metabolism, effects of glycemic control on serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels are still unclear. Objective and Methods: To investigate the effects of glycemic control on these hormone levels, we conducted a one-month longitudinal study ...

Several environmental and genetic factors are believed to influence the onset of diabetes and its complications. It has also been established that cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have revealed that the polymorphism at the stromal-derived factor 1β (SDF-1β) 3'A regulates the ...

Background: Early detection of high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and early diagnosis of T2DM are fundamental for the prevention of diabetes and associated complications. Aim: To identify the major predictors of high hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels in people with normal fasting glucose levels. Subjects and Methods: This was ...

Visfatin is an adipokine produced by visceral adipose tissue and has insulin-mimicking effects. Fetuin-A is a hepatic secretory protein that binds the insulin receptor and inhibits insulin action both in vivo and in vitro. The authors of the present study aimed to investigate the levels of serum visfatin and fetuin-A ...

Objective:  To evaluate the relationship of plasma fetuin-A levels with markers of bone turnover in male and female type 2 diabetic subjects. Background:  Fetuin-A, which is a serum protein produced by the liver and promotes bone mineralization, is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, whilst type 2 diabetes ...