Maternal diabetes mellitus is associated with increased teratogenesis, which can occur in pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Cardiac defects and with neural tube defects are the most common malformations observed in fetuses of pregestational diabetic mothers. The exact mechanism by which diabetes exerts its teratogenic effects and induces ...

AIMS: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance and the metabolic syndrome in a cohort of previously gestational diabetic (GDM) women 4 years after delivery. METHODS: Sixty-eight prior GDM and a control group of 39 women with normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy ...

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a substantial and growing health concern in many parts of the world. Certain populations are especially vulnerable to developing this condition because of genetic, social, and environmental factors. Gestational diabetes has serious, long-term consequences for both baby and mother, including a predisposition to obesity, metabolic syndrome, ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) using National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG), and Carpenter and Coustan (CC) criteria. METHOD: Retrospective study of the prevalence of GDM and GIGT in 21531 pregnant women screened for GDM between 2005 and 2007 using ...

BACKGROUND: Many epidemiological and experimental studies have proven that some adult diseases might have their origin in fetal life. It has been also hypothesized that intra-uterine environment in pregnancy complicated with diabetes might influence the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in the offspring. OBJECTIVES: To assess ...

BACKGROUND: There is an ongoing debate whether maternal diabetes is a more important risk factor for gestational diabetes (GDM) development than paternal diabetes. AIM: To describe the risk of GDM associated with paternal and maternal diabetes, and to further characterise GDM women with maternal diabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case-control study ...

AIMS: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes and postpartum pre-diabetes/diabetes. As the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for GDM may capture obstetrical risk better than the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria, we compared these criteria in their detection of postpartum risk of glucose intolerance. METHODS: ...

CONTEXT: In animal studies, exposure to intrauterine hyperglycemia increases the risk of cardiovascular disease through only partly understood epigenetic mechanisms. Human long-term follow-up studies on the same topic are few. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the risk of overweight and the metabolic syndrome in adult offspring of women with ...

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that body composition would be similar among neonates of women with gestational diabetes (GDM) treated with glyburide or insulin. STUDY DESIGN: Women with GDM requiring medical therapy were randomized to insulin or glyburide. The primary outcome was percent neonatal fat mass measured by total body electrical conductivity. ...

After many years of uncertainty regarding the true pathological nature of mild gestational diabetes and the possible benefits of treatment, the situation appears to have been resolved by the publication of the Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS). It is now appropriate for obstetric units to review their ...

BACKGROUND: We conducted this research in order to evaluate the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) in Korean women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), to identify the clinical characteristics of these women, and to gauge the prevalence of diabetes among them after childbirth. METHODS: We studied 887 Korean women ...

Objective: Determine whether preeclampsia is associated with developing diabetes. Methods: Subsequent diabetes was ascertained using ICD-9 codes, pharmacy and glucose data in a retrospective cohort study of 2,032 women with preeclampsia and 29,431 without preeclampsia. Results: During a median follow-up of 8.2 years, 342 women developed diabetes. Preeclampsia was associated ...

Pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PEc), have an increased incidence among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), possibly because of maternal vascular involvement. The prototypic long pentraxin, pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute phase reactant critically associated with vascular injury. PTX3 concentrations selectively increase in pregnant women with PEc. Here, ...

We compared perinatal outcomes in pregnancies in which insulin glargine was used in the management of patients with pregnancies in which standard insulin therapy was used at a single institution. A retrospective analysis of 114 pregnant patients with diabetes (pregestational or gestational) managed at a single center between January 2004 ...

The purpose of this study was to examine associations of weight gain from prepregnancy to glycemic screening with glucose tolerance status. Main outcomes were failed glycemic screening (1-hour glucose result >or= 140 mg/dL) with either 1 high value on 3-hour oral glucose tolerance testing (impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy) or ...

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a marker of endothelial dysfunction leading to damaging vascular disorders, in umbilical and placental vascular tissue of gestational pregnancies was compared to non-diabetic controls. We included 32 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 28 women with normal ongoing pregnancies were taken as ...

Resistin is a cysteine-rich adipokine originally described as a molecular link between obesity and insulin resistance in rodents. In this study, we hypothesised that serum resistin concentrations are elevated in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) when compared with pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and related to proinflammatory ...

Optimal maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes are the goal of care for pregnant women with preexisting diabetes. Women with a long history of poorly managed diabetes begin pregnancy with a deficit that poses additional challenges for the patient and the healthcare team. The following case study presents a woman who ...

BACKGROUND: It is accepted that tight glycaemic control is necessary during labour in women with pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Although policies vary, routine use of intravenous glucose and insulin remains a standard practice in some institutions. We present a retrospective review of a more conservative approach. Briefly, regardless ...

OBJECTIVE: To review the obstetric outcome of 240 diabetic pregnancies maintained on basal glargine insulin. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective review of the medical data from 240 pregnant diabetics who received glargine as a basal insulin. Perinatal outcome was abstracted from August 29, 2001, to December 31, 2007. RESULTS: ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether breastfeeding in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with a decreased insulin requirement. METHODS: In this prospective study conducted between September 2006 and August 2008, type 1 diabetic pregnant women were recruited before the third trimester of pregnancy. Eligible women had no evidence of ...

OBJECTIVE: Recent work showing that caffeine impairs glucose tolerance may be of particular concern in pregnancy because of a possible negative effect on fetal outcome. The current study sought to assess the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on glucose tolerance in women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: ...

A total of 52 female Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: non-diabetic (G1) and diabetic (G2) exposed to filtered air; non-diabetic (G3) and diabetic (G4) exposed to cigarette smoke. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg bodyweight, i.v.). Rats were exposed, for 30 min, to filtered air (control) or ...

Nutritional management of animals during pregnancy can affect glucose and insulin dynamics in the resulting offspring through influences on fetal development. Additionally, high starch feeding in mature horses is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and an increased risk for diseases such as obesity and laminitis. However, no study has yet ...

The incidence of malformed newborns is higher in human pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, as compared to non-diabetic pregnancies. Neural tube and cardiac defects predominate among the fetal malformations induced by hyperglycemia. Non-specific maternal immune stimulation is protective in mice against birth malformations caused by chemical or physical teratogens, or ...

OBJECTIVE: There is little consensus regarding selective or universal screening for gestational diabetes. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of risk factors on incidence of GDM in Iranian population by using 75 g OGTT. METHODS: At the first prenatal visit, 924 pregnant women were assessed for ...

Fifty-six pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 42 normal glucose tolerant (NGT) pregnant women between 26 and 36 gestational weeks were included in the study prospectively. The body fat percentage (BFP) was calculated using the Siri formula from skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements. Both groups were comparable for gestational ...

1. Diabetes is one of the most frequent complications of gestation, affecting approximately 7% of pregnancies. However, little is known about its effects on electrically and pharmacologically stimulated myometrial contractility. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the electric field-evoked contraction of ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregestational and gestational diabetics treated with insulin glargine versus Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study examining outcomes from pregestational and gestational diabetics treated with either insulin regimen. Comparisons were made using the t-test for continuous data and the ...

OBJECTIVE: The cheek-to-cheek diameter (CCD) has been shown to be an indicator of subcutaneous tissue mass in the fetus. However, the correlation between CCD and the abdominal circumference (AC) has not been investigated yet. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate whether a correlation exists between fetal CCD, ...

Maternal diabetes can induce a number of developmental abnormalities in both laboratory animals and humans, including deformities of the face and palate. The incidence of birth defects in newborns of women with diabetes is approximately 3 to 5 times higher than among nondiabetics. In mice, nonspecific activation of the maternal ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and placental growth factor-2 (PlGF-2) in fetal malformations associated with maternal diabetes. Diabetes was induced in female rats. Diabetic and control female rats were made pregnant. On Day 15 of gestation, rats were sacrificed ...

PROBLEM: Cytokines, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and their receptor RAGE have been recently suggested to play a role in human pregnancy. In this study, we sought to determine the alterations of plasma AGEs, soluble RAGE (sRAGE), and proinflammatory cytokines in normal pregnancies and those complicated with type 1 diabetes ...

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that, in diabetic pregnancies, left atrial shortening fraction (LASF) is decreased in fetuses with myocardial hypertrophy, compared to those without hypertrophy and to fetuses of non-diabetic mothers. METHODS: Fetal echocardiography was performed in women with pre-existing or gestational diabetes and in non-diabetic controls between 25 ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) and psychomotor development of infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) in relation to clinical and metabolic data during pregnancy and delivery. METHODS: VEPs and psychomotor development (Brunet-Lézine) were analysed in 40 two-month-old IDMs (21 males, 19 females), 24 from mothers with type-1 diabetes, 13 ...

OBJECTIVE: Studies in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle suggest that impaired insulin action is due to defects in the insulin signaling pathway and may play a role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obesity. The present study tested the hypothesis that endogenous expression ...

OBJECTIVE: There is accumulating facts that the metabolism of essential trace elements is altered in diabetic patients. The aim of present study was to compare the status of essential trace elements, chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in biological samples (whole blood, urine and scalp hair) of insulin dependent ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictors of subsequent development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DESIGN: Controlled clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENT(S): One hundred sixty-four consecutive women with previous GDM were evaluated after a mean follow-up of 40.54 months from index pregnancy. Sixty-five lean ...

We measured plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), endothelin-1 (ET-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and E-selectin in 56 patients with gestational diabetes (GDM), 68 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 36 healthy non-pregnant women. ADMA concentrations were markedly lower in NGT [0.48 (0.42-0.55) micromol/l] than in ...

OBJECTIVE: The 50g-glucose challenge test (GCT) is commonly used for screening of gestational diabetes (GDM) in low risk pregnant women. If elevated, glucose tolerance test is performed to confirm the diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated whether GCT alone is sufficient to diagnose GDM when the GCT result is very ...

Objective. To investigate the incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at the Mt. Hope Women's Hospital and to describe its epidemiological pattern. Design. A retrospective observational study (Jan 2005 to Dec 2007). Setting. A teaching hospital of The University of the West Indies. Population/Sample. Pregnant women who gave birth. Methods. A ...

In circulating lymphomonocytes (CLM) of patients with Type 2 diabetes (DM2) pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the major determinant of glucose oxidative breakdown, is affected by a cohort of alterations reflecting impaired insulin stimulated glucose utilization. The cohort is also expressed, although incompletely, in 40% of healthy young subjects with a DM2-family ...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is the most common endocrinologic complication during pregnancy, and poor control can lead to a variety of congenital anomalies in the fetus. However, it is often difficult to differentiate between diabetes-related anomalies and an underlying genetic syndrome. In the 1990s it was proposed that preaxial hallucal polydactyly, particularly ...

The incidence of gestational diabetes is increasing. As gestational diabetes is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and has long-term implications for both mother and child, it is important that it is recognized and appropriately managed. This review will examine the pharmacological options for the management of gestational diabetes, as well ...

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the comparative risks and benefits of medical treatments for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies of maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM treated with oral diabetes agents compared with all types of insulin. ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of maternal diabetic glucose control on fetal cholesterol homeostasis. METHODS: Singleton pregnancies of 150 women complicated by gestational (n = 90) and pre-gestational (n = 60) diabetes were evaluated. Those with insulin-requiring diabetes had fasting blood glucose levels determined daily during the last 4 weeks ...

Age, obesity and family history of diabetes are well known risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. Others are more controversial. The objective of this review is to find evidence in the literature that justifies the inclusion of these other conditions among risk factors. The MEDLINE, Cochrane, LILACS and Pan American ...

A progressive insulin resistant state develops throughout human pregnancy. Inositol phosphoglycan P-type (P-IPG), a second messenger of insulin, was reported to negatively correlate with the degree of insulin resistance in non-pregnant diabetic subjects. Urinary levels of P-IPG were assessed in insulin resistant states during pregnancy such as gestational diabetes mellitus ...

OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the reliability of maternal disease registration in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). STUDY DESIGN. VALIDATION STUDY. Setting. The two nationwide population-based registries, the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) and the MBRN, were linked using a unique personal identification number. Population. Pregnant women (n=108,489), pregnancies (lasting more ...

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: We reviewed prospective studies of antepartum glucose tolerance test results as risk factors for development of T2DM among women with a history of GDM. We searched 4 electronic databases and ...