Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and the most severe of diabetic ocular complications. This review describes retinal changes at different stages of diabetic retinopathy and risk factors associated with this devastating disease. Special attention is focused on aldose reductase, the first enzyme of the sorbitol ...

Diabetic retinopathy is a common and devastating microvascular complication in diabetes and is a leading cause of acquired blindness among the people of occupational age. Recent large landmark clinical studies have shown that intensive control of blood glucose or blood pressure (BP) reduces the risk for diabetic retinopathy. However, the ...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading risk factors and causes of blindness worldwide. Tight glucose and blood pressure control has been shown to significantly decrease the risk of development as well as the progression of retinopathy and represents the cornerstone of medical management of DR. The two most ...

Research has proven that blood pressure is an important modifiable risk factor for diabetic retinopathy and that lowering high blood pressure significantly reduces the development and progression of retinopathy in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) has been shown to become activated in diabetes. Hyperglycaemia ...

The authors' previous models predicted local formation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in adults with diabetes and existing retinopathy. Here they derived a multivariate model for local prediction of DR onset in patients with no previous retinopathy. Seventy-eight eyes from 41 diabetes patients were tested annually for several years. The presence ...

Purpose. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation may result from chronic hyperglycemia promoting generation and onset of microangiopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and levels of AGEs, pentosidine, and N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) in aqueous humor and serum of human patients and their ...

Purpose. To evaluate achromatic contrast sensitivity (CS) with magnocellular- (M) and parvocellular- (P) probing stimuli in type 2 diabetics, with (DR) or without (NDR) nonproliferative retinopathy. Methods. Inferred M- and P-dominated responses were assessed with a modified version of the steady-/pulsed-pedestal paradigm (SP/PP) applied in 26 NDR (11 male; mean ...

To determine the presence, severity and context of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic adults using hospital eye clinic services in Honiara, Solomon Islands. Fifty consecutive known diabetic patients aged ≥20 years were interviewed and underwent Snellen distance vision testing and complete ocular examination, including dilated 90 D funduscopy. Diabetic retinopathy was ...

To evaluate the association of central corneal thickness (CCT) with diabetes mellitus and compare it with age and sex-matched healthy controls. This study included 245 eyes of 245 subjects (one eye per subject). One hundred diabetic patients constituted the study group and 145 were healthy controls. The study group was ...

In clinical studies, postnatal weight gain is strongly associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). However, animal studies are needed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of how postnatal weight gain affects the severity of ROP. In the present study, we identify nutritional supply as one potent parameter that affects the extent ...

To describe the prevalence of retinopathy and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in persons without diabetes in 4 racial/ethnic groups (white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese). Population-based, cross-sectional study. We included 6176 subjects aged 45-84 years without diabetes, selected from 6 United States communities. Fundus images were taken using 45° digital ...

Long-term fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability was a risk factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) independent of the mean FPG or HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes. PDR development was also significantly associated with mean HbA1c more than 5 years earlier and with mean FPG more than 10 years ...

To re-evaluate the relationship between glycemia and diabetic retinopathy. We conducted a data-pooling analysis of nine studies from five countries with 44,623 participants aged 20-79 years with gradable retinal photographs. The relationship between diabetes-specific retinopathy (defined as moderate or more severe retinopathy) and three glycemic measures (fasting plasma glucose [FPG; ...

Purpose: To analyze the genotype distributions and allele frequencies for ROCK2 Thr431Asn and Arg83Lys polymorphisms among the diabetic retinopathy patients in a Turkish population. Methods: In this case-control study, 335 patients with diabetes mellitus were recruited and divided into three groups according to non-proliferative (n = 127), proliferative (n = 85) diabetic retinopathy, and ...

Diabetes mellitus is a major health concern in the modern world. Several sight-threatening ocular conditions are included in the array of health problems associated with this disease. Understandably, 2 of the more sight-threatening problems, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME), have received a great deal of attention ...

We investigated the association between alcohol consumption and diabetic retinopathy and deterioration of visual acuity in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. We conducted a cohort analysis of 1239 participants with Type 2 diabetes aged 55-81 years enrolled in the AdRem study, a sub-study of the Action in Diabetes and Vascular ...

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness and is commonly viewed as a vascular complication of diabetes mellitus. However, diabetes mellitus causes visual dysfunction before the onset of clinically visible microvascular changes associated with diabetic retinopathy. Thus, viewing diabetic retinopathy more generally as a neurovascular disease may lead to ...

To characterize microaneurysms in diabetic retinopathy (DR) depicted by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Retrospective, observational case series. We surveyed a consecutive series of 76 eyes from 60 patients with DR (22 mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy [NPDR]; 43 moderate NPDR; 9 severe NPDR; 2 proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR]) who underwent ...

Diabetic retinopathy does not halt after hyperglycemia is terminated; the retina continues to experience increased oxidative stress, suggesting a memory phenomenon. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly sensitive to oxidative damage. The goal is to investigate the role of mtDNA damage in the development of diabetic retinopathy, and in the metabolic ...

Diabetic retinopathy is the major cause of acquired blindness in working-age adults. Studies of the vitreous proteome have provided insights into the etiology of diabetic retinopathy and suggested potential molecular targets for treatments. Further characterization of the protein changes associated with the progression of this disease may suggest additional therapeutic ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the fasting plasma glucose cutoff of 7 mmol/L and the presence of retinopathy in a population in China. METHODS: The Beijing Eye Study 2006 is a population-based study, which included 3,251 subjects aged >or= 45 years. By using ...

Abstract. Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence of visual impairment and retinopathy and to investigate risk factors for retinopathy in persons with diabetes, screen-detected diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and normal glucose tolerance in a subpopulation of the HUNT study. Methods: We used a sample (n ...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) classically presents with micro-aneurysms, small haemorrhages and/or lipoprotein exudates. Several studies have indicated that neural loss occurs in DR even before vascular damage can be observed. This study evaluated the possible relationship between structure (spectral domain-optical coherence tomography) and function (Rarebit visual field test) in patients with ...

Cerebral microvascular disease associated with type 2 diabetes may exacerbate the effects of aging on cognitive function. A considerable homology exists between the retinal and cerebral microcirculations; a hypothesized association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cognitive decline was examined in older people with type 2 diabetes. In the population-based Edinburgh ...

This pilot study examined the diagnostic role of multifocal visually evoked potentials (mfVEP) in a small number of patients with diabetes. mfVEP, mfERG, and fundus photographs of both eyes of five patients with diabetes, three with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and two without NPDR were examined. Thirteen control subjects were ...

Purpose: The study is aiming at investigating the correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as an angiogenic factor and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients and the effect of panretinal coagulation and glycemic control on VEGF. Methods: The study included 30 patients of type 2 diabetes, 10 of ...

Hyperglycemia is considered as one of the major determinants in the development of diabetic retinopathy, but the progression of retinopathy resists arrest after hyperglycemia is terminated, suggesting a metabolic memory phenomenon. Diabetes alters the expression of retinal genes, and this continues even after good glycemic control is re-instituted. Since the ...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and determinants of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients ≥18 years at the Cairo University and Sixth of October University hospitals. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey among known diabetic patients attending diabetic clinics. Patients were randomly selected to complete an interviewer-administered questionnaire and ...

The prevalence of diabetes in the United States has increased. People with diabetes are at risk for diabetic retinopathy. No recent national population-based estimate of the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy exists. To describe the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy among US adults with diabetes aged 40 ...

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the interaction with their receptors (RAGE) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our study investigated whether serum soluble (s) RAGE (sRAGE) could serve as a prognostic tool for identifying the susceptibility to DR. Moreover, we examined the association between ...

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of microangiopathy, and its risk factors in a population-based study of diabetes mellitus patients in the north-eastern area of Spain. METHODS: A population-based transversal study of 8,187 type 2 (83.37% of the diagnosed patients) and 488 type 1 (85.76% of the diagnosed patients) underwent a ...

Diabetic retinopathy remains a leading cause of visual loss worldwide. Patients with diabetes mellitus commonly have multiple comorbidities treated with a wide variety of medications. Systemic medications that target glycemic control and coexisting conditions may have beneficial or deleterious effects on the onset or progression of diabetic retinopathy. In addition, ...

Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Lycopene, a very potent antioxidant of carotenoids, has received considerable scientific interest in recent years for its potential role in the prevention of oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. This study ...

To report on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the major causes of vision loss and blindness in Aboriginals in the Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia between 1995 and 2007. Aboriginals (>16 years old) diagnosed with diabetes or eye problems from 11 communities in the Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia ...

Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of patients with diabetes mellitus and can lead to a decrease in vision. The precise mechanisms leading to the development of diabetic retinopathy and the progressive decrease of vision are still undetermined. Recent studies have shown that not only vascular but also neuronal abnormalities ...

We investigated whether intensive glycemic control, combination therapy for dyslipidemia, and intensive blood-pressure control would limit the progression of diabetic retinopathy in persons with type 2 diabetes. Previous data suggest that these systemic factors may be important in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. In a randomized trial, we ...

Diabetic retinopathy is a common and specific microvascular complication of diabetes, and remains the leading cause of preventable blindness in working-aged people. It is identified in a third of people with diabetes and associated with increased risk of life-threatening systemic vascular complications, including stroke, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. ...

Haemorheological variables influence endothelial function through the release of several factors. Clinical studies have described an association among blood viscosity, haematocrit, haemoglobin and macro-angiopathy. Few data are reported about the association between haemorheological variables and micro-angiopathy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between these variables ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of visual evoked potential (VEP) testing in detecting retinal ganglion cell damage in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type I (DMI). VEP arise before diabetic retinopathy signs become ophthalmoscopically detectable. VEP testing was performed in 45 patients divided into three groups; ...

New estimates show reduction in the number of people who are blind or suffer from vision impairment as a sequel of infectious diseases, while there is an increase in the number of people who are blind due to conditions related to longer life span and diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy is the ...

To compare the performance of automated diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection, using the algorithm that won the 2009 Retinopathy Online Challenge Competition in 2009, the Challenge2009, against that of the one currently used in EyeCheck, a large computer-aided early DR detection project. Evaluation of diagnostic test or technology. Fundus photographic sets, ...

The standardized cardiovascular disease death rate for the Greek population in Crete has increased since the 1960s, unlike the all-cause and cardiovascular disease death rate for Australia's Greek migrant population, which has remained paradoxically low. A small window of opportunity remains in which the vascular profile of this interesting atypical ...

Contrast sensitivity (CS) has been studied extensively to determine its effectiveness as a test for diagnosing early and advanced diabetic retinopathy. Various techniques have been adopted to measure CS, and most of them reported a significant difference between diabetic and normal eyes. Our purpose is to demonstrate differences in foveal ...

We examined the association between diabetic retinopathy and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 A-2518G polymorphism in 3802 Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was higher as the number of G alleles increased, suggesting that the G allele of this polymorphism is a susceptibility allele for diabetic retinopathy.

BACKGROUND: To compare the self-reported management of diabetic retinopathy by Australian ophthalmologists with the 1997 National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guidelines. METHODS: Self-reported cross-sectional survey of patterns of practice. Questionnaires were sent to all Australian ophthalmologists, comprising questions regarding professional details, diabetic retinopathy screening attitudes/practices and specific hypothetical ...

CONTEXT: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic and vascular permeability factor, and its polymorphisms are associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and macular edema. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the contributions of VEGF gene polymorphisms to nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) as well as PDR. DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS: In ...

PURPOSE: To validate a third-generation performance-based measure of visual function titled "Assessment of Disability Related to Vision" (ADREV) in a study population of patients with diabetic retinopathy. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Patients with nonproliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy, free from ocular comorbidity, were recruited from a single institute and ...

This study aimed to determine whether fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability can predict diabetic retinopathy development and progression independently of glycemic control. Subjects consisted of 170 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients not showing diabetic retinopathy on their first visit to our hospital between 1966 and 1979, and continuously visited thereafter ...

PURPOSE: To clarify the relationship between evaluation items of sleep-disordered breathing and diabetic retinopathy in detail. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparative study. METHODS: Sixty-eight consecutive nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and 151 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) cases who had undergone surgeries in our department were included in this study. Pulse oximetry was conducted overnight ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Information on this issue is lacking for type 1 diabetes. We evaluated whether NAFLD is associated with increased prevalence of retinopathy and CKD in type ...