Two hundred and seventeen diabetic patients attending the eye clinic were examined to determine the prevalence of retinal changes, and the association between diabetic retinopathy and risk factors. A detailed fundus examination was done, after dilating the pupils, using 90 D lens and slitlamp biomicroscope. Diabetic retinopathy was detected in ...

PURPOSE: To explore the natural course of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetics using the indirect ophthalmoscope and single-field fundus photographs in Kinmen, Taiwan. METHODS: A screening program for diabetic retinopathy was carried out by a panel of ophthalmologists, who employed the ophthalmoscope and 45-degree retinal color photographs to examine ...

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that the progression of diabetic retinopathy to vision-threatening lesions may be related to the development of retinopathy lesions in specific retinal areas. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the occurrence of retinopathy in these retinal areas is related to known risk ...

To evaluate transmission potential of Plasmodium falciparum, we use the area under the curve (AUC) of gametocyte levels after treatment as an approach to combine their duration and magnitude. Analysis of determinants of AUC was based on two main exposures: parasite clearance time (PCT) and presence of dihydrofolate reductase and ...

PURPOSE: To investigate established pterygia using our newly developed ultraviolet fluorescence photography (UVFP) system. DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. METHODS: setting: Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia. study population: Fourteen patients (both eyes) attending the Ophthalmology Clinic at Prince of Wales Hospital for assessment of their established pterygia. There were ...

PURPOSE: To examine the association of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and ambulatory pulse rate (APR) with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in persons with type 1 diabetes in the Renin-Angiotensin System Study (RASS), a multicenter primary diabetic nephropathy (DN) prevention trial. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred ninety-four normotensive RASS participants in ...

BACKGROUND: With the increase in the prevalence of diabetes, rural optometric clinics stand to increase their patient load and assessment of diabetic eye disease. This study aimed to assess whether automated identification of diabetic retinopathy based on the presence of microaneurysms is an effective tool in clinical practice. METHODS: We ...

OBJECTIVE: To report the 6-year progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and associated risk factors among African American patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Participants from the New Jersey 725 included 483 African American patients with type 1 diabetes who underwent reexamination as part of a 6-year follow-up. Evaluations ...

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem across the world. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy are two of the major complications of diabetes. DR is the leading cause of blindness and diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. We have examined the potential value of circulating nucleic ...

PURPOSE: Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in homeostatic vasodilation and the regulation of blood flow. On the other hand, excess release of NO causes various vascular complications. There are only a few reports on the relationship between plasma NO levels and microvascular complications, especially diabetic retinopathy (DR) in ...

Diabetic retinopathy remains a frightening prospect to patients and frustrates physicians. Destruction of damaged retina by photocoagulation remains the primary treatment nearly 50 years after its introduction. The diabetes pandemic requires new approaches to understand the pathophysiology and improve the detection, prevention, and treatment of retinopathy. This perspective considers how ...

Clinical trials have consistently shown a higher incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus with tacrolimus than cyclosporine. However, in protocol-driven studies steroid doses are comparable in both treatment arms, while in clinical practice steroid dose used in conjunction with tacrolimus or cyclosporine may differ. This retrospective study analysed renal transplant recipients ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of clinical factors (duration of diabetes mellitus, fasting blood sugar level, fructosamine concentration, and hemoglobin A1c) on blue-on-yellow (B-on-Y) perimetry compared with white-on-white (W-on-W) perimetry for diabetics without retinopathy. METHODS: Both B-on-Y perimetry and W-on-W perimetry were performed for 33 diabetics without retinopathy. Thirty-three subjects ...

This study aimed to measurement of corneal astigmatism in non diabetic and diabetic patient with Keratometry. This perspective study was conducted at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital from March to June 2004 to find out clinical evaluation of corneal astigmatism in non diabetic and diabetic patients. A total 224 patients ...

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that preventative alpha-lipoic acid (LPA) treatment corrects an abnormal retinal oxygenation response in experimental diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Retinal oxygenation (DeltaPO2) was measured by MRI before (room air [ra]) and during a 4-minute carbogen inhalation challenge in five groups: control Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Lewis (LEW) rats, ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the causes of low vision and blindness in a population-based sample of adult Latinos. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Six thousand three hundred fifty-seven Latinos 40 years and older from 6 census tracts in Los Angeles, California. METHODS: Participants underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination including measurement of ...

AIM: To assess the association of floppy iris behaviour during cataract surgery with use of alpha-1-antagonists and diabetes mellitus. METHODS: 1842 eyes of 1786 patients undergoing phacohoemulsification surgery were prospectively enrolled. The use of commonly prescribed alpha-1-antagonists and the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus were noted. The occurrence of ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We estimated cumulative incidence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and risk factors for developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 294 patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (<15 years) diagnosed in Norway between 1973 and 1982 was examined for retinopathy at ...

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia, high blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia are risk factors for diabetic retinopathy and vision loss in diabetic patients. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate risk factors in patients treated for diabetic retinopathy in our hospital clinic and assess patients' awareness of the impact of glycemic control; and to compare the findings with ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional, multicenter hospital-based study was carried out from April to December 2003. Diabetic patients in diabetic clinics of 11 tertiary centers were registered. Retinopathy was evaluated by ...

PURPOSE: Diabetes is accompanied by an increased autofluorescence of the cornea, probably because of accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The pathogenic mechanism is still unknown. This study aimed to quantify differences in corneal cell densities between diabetic patients and healthy controls. METHODS: The left cornea of 15 patients ...

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness in working-age individuals. Diabetic patients with proteinuria or those on dialysis usually present severe forms of diabetic retinopathy, but the association of diabetic retinopathy with early stages of diabetic nephropathy has not been entirely established. A cross-sectional study was conducted ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes in Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional, multicenter; hospital-based study was carried out between April and December 2003. Diabetic patients in diabetic clinics of 11 tertiary centers in Thailand were registered. Retinal examination ...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in targeted screening diabetic patients (Group I) with newly diagnosed diabetic patients in general practice (Group II). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from 25,313 subjects who participated in the ...

AIM: To investigate the expression of CD18 on neutrophils from patients with various stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to determine the possibility of using it as a marker of disease development. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Levels of CD18 on neutrophils were measured by flow cytometry in 10 patients with ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Increasing evidence suggests that chronic, subclinical inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. We recently reported that a glycosylating enzyme, core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (core 2 GlcNAc-T), is implicated in increased leucocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in diabetic retinopathy via an upregulation mechanism controlled by TNF-alpha. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between retinal vascular caliber and incident retinopathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Hospital-based case-control study with prospective outcomes. PARTICIPANTS: Cases and controls were selected from a cohort of children and adolescents 12 to 20 years old with type 1 diabetes ...

BACKGROUND: Several population-based studies have reported blood glucose levels and blood pressure to be risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy. These studies were initiated more than two decades ago and may therefore reflect the treatment and population composition of a previous era, suggesting new studies of the present ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical significance of the oscillatory potentials (OPs) and photopic negative response (PhNR) of the electroretinogram (ERG) in patients with early diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: One hundred two diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy at different stages were examined. Thirty-two age-matched normal controls were also studied. Full-field maximal and ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus compared with age-matched normal control subjects, to assess the correlation between the RNFL thickness and the severity of retinopathy, and to investigate whether diabetes mellitus is a potential source of abnormal results in glaucoma screening or ...

BACKGROUND: Population-based data on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Pakistan are lacking. We determined the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among individuals screened positive for diabetes in five community-based eye camps in northern Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: In summer 2002, five community-based eye camps were set up in Karachi, Pakistan's largest ...

BACKGROUND: There has been a dramatic rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in the US pediatric population, yet the presence of retinopathy and microalbuminuria in this cohort has not yet been described. AIM: To assess the presence of retinopathy and microalbuminuria in a cohort of predominantly minority adolescents (African ...

It is now well accepted that diabetes mellitus is one of the main threats to human health in the twenty-first century. The total number of people with diabetes worldwide was estimated at between 151 million and 171 million in 2000 and is projected to increase to 221 million in 2010 ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare serum protein levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with retinopathy. STUDY DESIGN: Comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION: Ziauddin Medical University and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from 2000 to 2002. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients were selected. Among them, 21 were diabetic patients without any clinical ...

AIMS: To investigate the relationship of the K469E and G241R polymorphisms of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) gene with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy-two Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes and 80 normal control subjects were recruited. ...

Fibronectin (FN), a key extracellular matrix protein, is upregulated in target organs of diabetic angiopathy and in cultured cells exposed to high levels of glucose. FN has also been reported to undergo alternative splicing to produce the extra domain-B (ED-B) containing isoform, which is exclusively expressed during embryogenesis, tissue repair, ...

The authors examined the development of diabetic retinopathy in a population-based cohort of persons with incident type 1 diabetes to investigate the possibility of lowered retinopathy prevalence and severity compared with previous US studies. A total of 474 diabetic persons from Wisconsin were followed from diagnosis through 4-14 years' duration ...

Trigonella foenum graecum seed powder (TSP) and Sodium Orthovanadate (SOV) have been shown to demonstrate antidiabetic effects by stabilizing glucose homeostasis and carbohydrate metabolism in experimental type-1 diabetes. However their efficacy in controlling histopathological and biochemical abnormalities in ocular tissues associated with diabetic retinopathy is not known. The purpose of ...

BACKGROUND: Advances in treatment have greatly reduced the risk of blindness from this disease, but because diabetes is so common, diabetic retinopathy remains an important problem. The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: Totally 746 ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In addition to nephropathy, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy, a microvascular complication of type 1 diabetes that may be tentatively referred to as 'diabetic encephalopathy' has gained increasing attention. There is growing evidence that lowered cognitive performance in patients with type 1 diabetes is related to chronic hyperglycaemia rather than ...

PURPOSE: To study the C(-106)T polymorphism in the promoter of the aldose reductase (ALR2) gene: (a) its local prevalence and (b) its modulation of the susceptibility for developing retinopathy. METHODS: DNAs of 96 control subjects and 53 long-standing (duration 17.9+/-5.4 years) type-2 diabetic patients were analyzed by PCR-RFLP with BfaI ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. We investigated whether transgenic mice with moderate VEGF expression in photoreceptors (trVEGF029) developed changes similar to diabetic retinopathy and whether retinopathy progressed with time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human VEGF(165) (hVEGF(165)) expression was analysed using ...

PURPOSE: To assess agreement among a group of ophthalmic care providers, including ophthalmologists and trained nonphysician personnel, in the interpretation of single-field digital fundus images for diabetic retinopathy screening. DESIGN: Interobserver reliability study. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve ophthalmic care personnel, including 3 retina specialists, 3 general ophthalmologists, 3 ophthalmic nurses, and 3 ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between adult diabetic cataracts and levels of aldose reductase (AR) in red blood cells (RBCs). METHODS: The study involved 337 eyes of 337 patients with diabetes. The extent and severity of lens opacity was assessed according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). ...

Declining incidences in Europe of overt nephropathy, proliferative retinopathy, and mortality in type 1 diabetes have recently been reported. However, comparable data for the U.S. and trend data for neuropathy and macrovascular complications are lacking. These issues are addressed using the prospective observational Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Childhood-Onset Diabetes Complications Study. ...

OBJECTIVE: There are no large studies in Type 1 diabetic patients that have examined the relation between soluble adhesion molecules and micro- and macrovascular outcomes, although the risks of such complications are high. Therefore, the main objective is to examine the relationship between soluble (s) vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) ...

PURPOSE: To describe awareness of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among patients receiving eye care at a tertiary ophthalmic center for diabetic eye disease. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical case series. METHODS: One hundred-fifty adult patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) examined between July and October of 2003 for diabetic retinopathy (DR) were surveyed ...

Laser therapy (LRx) may affect the retinal ganglion cells (RGC), which play a role in circadian rhythms. This study assesses the effect of LRx on the circadian variation of cortisol (F), measured in 20 Type 2 diabetic patients (DM), 10 following LRx for diabetic proliferative retinopathy (DPR), and 10 control ...

Color vision impairment was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without retinopathy. We assessed the type and degree of distortions of individual color spaces. DM2 patients (n = 32), and age-matched controls (n = 20) were tested using the Farnsworth D-15 and the Lanthony D-15d tests. In ...

PURPOSE: Retinal neovascularization in diabetes has been thought to follow the release of local angiogenic factors in the retina. We hypothesize that neovascularization of diabetic retinopathy is a systemic vasculogenesis rather than a local angiogenesis. Thus, we evaluate the concentrations of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and stem cell modulation ...