Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are incretins produced in the intestine that play a central role in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Circulating concentrations of GLP-1 and GIP are low and can be difficult to assay in rodents. These studies utilized the novel intestinal lymph fistula model ...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is not well-studied in the Chinese pre-diabetic population, also known as impaired glucose regulation. Hence, we investigated the prevalence of and risk factors associated with retinopathy in diabetic and pre-diabetic subjects from Chinese communities. METHODS: A total of 3736 Chinese subjects were recruited from ...

To evaluate the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in a cohort of patients with acromegaly. This was a cross sectional study. Fifty-eight acromegalic patients were assessed. Only 29% met the criteria for cure, and 27% had the disease controlled. Twenty-two had DM; HbA1c was equal to 7.34 ± 2.2%. Most ...

AIMS: We examined the independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and parental diabetes history on type 2 diabetes risk. METHODS: A cohort of 11,627 individuals aged 20-79years was free of baseline diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. We measured CRF using a maximal treadmill exercise test, and parental diabetes ...

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to examine ankle-brachial index(ABI) abnormality and their related risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods:  An ABI was obtained in 3924 outpatients in the diabetes centre, 306(th) Hospital of PLA during the period of September 2003 to June 2010. Patients' profile ...

BACKGROUND:: Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a type of cytokine produced by macrophages and other cell types in response to various stimuli. Many studies have shown that TNF-α is involved in the development of diabetes. It also has a pivotal role in the inflammatory process of chronic hepatitis C. ...

Neuropathy and peripheral artery disease represent the main pathophysiological conditions underlying diabetic foot. Several studies showed that Lipoprotein(a)-Lp(a)-and homocysteine (Hcy) can be associated with diabetic complications, but their relationship with diabetic foot is unclear. Aim of this study was to investigate whether Lp(a) and Hcy were associated with diabetic foot ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: We analyzed the effects of insulin therapy, age and gender on the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) according to glycemic control. Methods and Results: We performed a prospective cohort study (Japan Cholesterol and Diabetes Mellitus Study) of type 2 diabetes patients (n=4014) for ...

The association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes is unclear. We examined whether SCH is associated with diabetic retinopathy or nephropathy in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Data from 489 patients who visited the diabetes clinic at a university hospital between 2001 and 2007 ...

Background: It is not clear if diabetes reduces systolic left ventricular function (LVEF) irrespective of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim was to compare LVEF between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with respect to the extent of CAD.Methods and results: Consecutive patients undergoing stress myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) were evaluated. MPS ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Dysglycemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. In many patient populations dysglycemia is under-diagnosed. Patients with severe coronary artery disease commonly have dysglycemia and there is growing evidence that dysglycemia, irrespective of underlying history of diabetes, is associated with adverse outcome in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) ...

We tested the correlation between diabetes and aggressiveness of colorectal polyps in diabetic patients and matched non-diabetic controls. We retrospectively studied 3,505 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients without gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent colonoscopy for colorectal cancer at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea from August 1995 to August 2009. We matched ...

Important breakthroughs have been made in recent years into understanding the close interaction between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and glucose homeostasis. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have demonstrated that infection with HCV is associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. A direct effect ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The highest Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) prevalence in the world occurs in Egypt. Several studies from different parts of the world have found that 13% to 33% of patients with chronic HCV have associated diabetes, mostly type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM). In Egypt the prevalence of DM is ...

Abstract Purpose. The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between diabetic retinopathy, subclinical atherosclerosis and wave reflection in type 1 diabetic patients. Methods. The investigation involved 87 type 1 diabetic patients aged 34 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 29-43), with a disease duration of 10 years (IQR: 9-14). ...

Aims:  We previously showed that the C→T polymorphism (rs6929846) of BTN2A1 was significantly associated with myocardial infarction in Japanese individuals by a genome-wide association study. Given that diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for myocardial infarction, the association of rs6929846 of BTN2A1 with myocardial infarction might be attributable, at ...

This study evaluated the use of HbA(1c) as a screening tool for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l) in a sample of Cuban-Americans aged ≥ 30 years old. Subjects were randomly recruited from Miami-Dade and Broward counties, FL. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by hexokinase enzymatic method. HbA(1c) was measured by the ...

Background: The present study aims to report the influence of dietary fibre intake on diabetes and diabetic microangiopathies among subjects >40 years in Urban India Design: Population-based cross sectional study. Participants: A total of 1383 patients were included in the study, 1261 diabetics and 122 controls. Methods: All subjects underwent ...

Objective: To compare lipid profiles and glucose control in African American patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without chronic hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection.Methods: This retrospective study conducted in an academic outpatient setting included African American patients with both type 2 diabetes and HCV, patients with HVC only, ...

OBJECTIVES:: In western countries, 7% to 10% of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) have a familial predisposition to their disease. The aim of this study was to determine the familial susceptibility to PC in Japan. METHODS:: Five hundred seventy-seven patients with PC and 577 age- and gender-matched controls were analyzed ...

We assessed whether differing autoantibody screening criteria for type 1 diabetes (T1D) prevention trials result in different baseline metabolic profiles of those who screen positive. Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) participants were screened for islet cell autoantibodies, whereas TrialNet Natural History Study (TNNHS) participants were screened for biochemical autoantibodies. In ...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the 3-year clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention with sirolimus-eluting stents in patients with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (DM-insulin) and those with non-insulin-treated DM (DM-non-insulin) compared to patients without DM. Of 10,778 consecutive patients treated exclusively with sirolimus-eluting stents in the j-Cypher ...

Objective: To determine whether serum thyrotropin measurement performed at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or at initial patient contact predicts subsequent development of hypothyroidism.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the computerized records of patients attending annual visits between January 2008 and December 2008 at a hospital diabetes mellitus clinic. Serum free thyroxine and ...

Diabetes is a multifactorial disease characterized by severalmetabolic disorders. Its prevalence rate in Gaza Strip is alarming. To describe the clinical and biochemical features of patients with Type 2 diabetes in Gaza Governorate. Data were obtained through a questionnaire interview, patients' records and of 99 type 2 diabetes patients and ...

Cardiovascular disease is increased in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is an ominous prognostic sign and an independent risk factor for cardiac events, is often present in type 2 DM patients. The aim of our cross-sectional study was to evaluate ...

C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the most widely used risk markers of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. The contribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to low-grade inflammation in diabetic patients and its significance for cardiovascular risk scoring remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the ...

Community-based diabetes screening is common, but its impact on health outcomes is unclear. Screening protocols may not be standardized nor reflect current clinical practice. A community and clinical team examined the quality and consistency of community-based screening to diagnose hyperglycemic states, and it developed a bilingual screening tool to allow ...

To study the association between impaired glucose regulation (IGR), screen-detected type 2 diabetes, and previously known diabetes and depressive symptoms. Altogether, 2,712 participants from three hospital districts in Finland attended a health examination. Cutoff scores ≥10 and ≥16 in the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) were used for depressive symptoms. ...

There is an urgent need to discover new compounds that effectively treat diabetes by mimicking the action of insulin (insulin mimetics). Traditional approaches to studying anti-diabetic agents in cells are inconvenient for screening chemical libraries to identify insulin mimetics. 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) and 6-NBDG are fluorescent analogues of glucose that could ...

To determine if screening for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-diabetes is feasible in an Australian ED; to estimate the prevalence of T2DM and pre-diabetes in the Australian ED population. Prospective cross-sectional prevalence survey in the ED of St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, an adult, tertiary referral centre seeing ...

A growing body of evidence on diabetes screening has been published during the last 10 years. Type 2 diabetes meets many but not all of the criteria for screening. Concerns about potential harms of screening have largely been resolved. Screening identifies a high-risk population with the potential to gain from ...

Screening for gestational diabetes has long been a controversial topic. A previous Health Technology Assessment (HTA) report reviewed literature on screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and assessed the case for screening against the criteria set by the National Screening Committee. To update a previous HTA report which reviewed the ...

BACKGROUND: Screening tests have to meet a number of criteria, including feasibility. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of the French diabetic population that is eligible for screening for silent myocardial ischaemia (SMI), and to evaluate the feasibility of such screening in the Franche-Comté region. METHODS: ...

One of the factors influencing the cost-effectiveness of population screening for Type 2 diabetes may be uptake. We examined attendance and practice- and individual-level factors influencing uptake at each stage of a diabetes screening programme in general practice. A stepwise screening programme was undertaken among 135, 825 people aged 40-69 ...

The impact of gestational diabetes on maternal and fetal health has been increasingly recognized. However, universal consensus on the diagnostic methods and thresholds has long been lacking. Published guidelines from major societies differ considerably from one another, ranging in recommendations from aggressive screening to no routine screening at all. As ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an updated literature review highlighting important aspects of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) including epidemiology, pathogenesis, complications, screening, and management. RECENT FINDINGS: Although CFRD continues to be associated with increased rates of mortality in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population, this has improved over the past several ...

An International Expert Committee (IEC) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) proposed diagnostic criteria for diabetes and pre-diabetes based on A1C levels. We hypothesized that screening for diabetes and pre-diabetes with A1C measurements would differ from using oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). We compared pre-diabetes, dysglycemia (diabetes or pre-diabetes), and ...

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among Emirati nationals is one of the highest in the world. The recently released United Arab Emirates National DM guidelines call for screening all adults aged 30 years and more. The authors explored the need for such a modification of current American ...

To evaluate two alternatives to the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test for diabetes screening in Latin America. Eight hundred adults without diabetes were recruited in a primary care clinic in Honduras. An equation-based screening formula, incorporating a random capillary glucose test and other risk factors, was used for initial screening. ...

To assess the status of diabetes mellitus (DM) control in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia, all Saudi Arabian residents aged 30 years and above were invited to participate in a screening campaign. Of 197 681 participants screened 15.7% had a previous diagnosis of DM. Sociodemographic and clinical data were ...

OBJECTIVE: Interventions for individuals with pre-diabetes are efficacious, however, identification of people with pre-diabetes does not occur in Australia. This study aims to calculate the duration of pre-diabetes, in order to provide supporting evidence for a screening program. METHODS: We carried out a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis to ...

Once diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a woman has a sevenfold increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes relative to women who do not have diabetes during pregnancy. In addition, up to one third of women with GDM have overt diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance identified ...

UNRWA's noncommunicable disease screening activities were evaluated among 7762 refugees screened for hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Jordan, Syrian Arab Republic, Lebanon, Gaza Strip and West Bank in June 2007. People were referred for screening most commonly because of age (both sexes), followed by smoking (males) and family history ...

Abstract. Introduction: Screening programmes for diabetic retinopathy follow guidelines that ensure that vision-threatening complications are detected even when the disease progression is fast. This implies that patients with slow disease progression will be recommended examinations more often than needed. Method: On the basis of previously defined individual risk factors, multiple ...

BACKGROUND: No clinical trials have assessed the effects or cost-effectiveness of sequential screening strategies to detect new cases of type 2 diabetes. We used a mathematical model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of several screening strategies. METHODS: We used person-specific data from a representative sample of the US population to create ...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a chronic multi-system disease that needs specialised annual review that is thorough, efficient and beneficial to the patient's needs. The diabetes review clinic in the UK has varying formats and contents. In the main, the goal should be to review the patient holistically as diabetes can affect ...

Rural individuals (mostly Indigenous) were screened for undiagnosed diabetes and cardiovascular risk. A subsequent survey showed roughly half engaged in timely follow-up with the health care system. The Mobile Diabetes Screening Initiative identifies a substantial number of people needing medical attention, who may otherwise be "missed" through conventional healthcare delivery.

This paper systematically reviews the published literature on the economic evidence of diabetic retinopathy screening. Twenty-nine electronic databases were searched for studies published between 1998 and 2008. Internet searches were carried out and reference lists of key studies were hand searched for relevant articles. The key search terms used were ...

A randomized controlled trial in two general practices in Cambridgeshire compared the effect of loss and gain framed messages in an invitation to screening for type 2 diabetes on uptake and subsequent anxiety and self-rated health. High risk individuals aged 40-69 years were randomized to receive loss (n = 57) ...

To assess the frequency of youth onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in Jamaica and the characteristics of youth with this form of diabetes. Patients from two major referral hospitals, diagnosed with diabetes before age 25 years and < 6 years prior to the study, were evaluated. Classification was based ...