PURPOSE: To study the clinical outcomes of subjects who are homozygous for the C282Y mutation of the hemochromatosis gene. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All patients referred to a tertiary referral centre for hemochromatosis were included. The study also included 16 C282Y homozygotes detected in a population screening study. RESULTS: The study ...

BACKGROUND: The diabetes screening program in Moosonee and Moose Factory, Ontario was evaluated to explore which factors may be associated with individuals who had/had not attended screening examinations for diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Exposure data were collected from patient charts for basic demographic and medical history data. The main outcome of ...

Gestational diabetes is carbohydrate intolerance, with onset or first recognition of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy. Several studies have suggested that gestational hyperglycaemia is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, promoting the case for screening. Conversely, others argue that screening for gestational diabetes may colour the clinical judgement, influencing further management, ...

AIM: To explore the psychological impact of a stepwise population-screening project for Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: As part of a stepwise population screening project for Type 2 diabetes in the Hoorn region, The Netherlands, an explorative interview study was conducted. The psychological impact of screening was studied using semistructured interviews ...

Screening is supposed to create less anxiety among first-degree relatives of diabetic patients where the risk of developing diabetes already is well known. It has also been argued that screening of a general child population should never be performed unless identified high-risk individuals can be offered intervention to prevent diabetes. ...

AIMS: There is a need for continuous evaluation of screening services for diabetic retinopathy against agreed performance standards. We describe a quality assurance programme implemented in Newcastle in January 1999 and report on outcomes at 18 months. METHODS: Annual retinal screening is performed using combined retinal photography and direct ophthalmoscopy ...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes has been identified as one of the national health priority areas in Australia. After 20 years of diabetes most patients can be expected to develop diabetic retinopathy which, if undetected, is likely to cause significant visual loss or blindness. This paper reports on a pilot study aimed to ...

The management of people with diabetes involves input from many healthcare professionals including doctors, nurses, podiatrists and dieticians. In February 1999 at the request of the Consultant Diabetologist a diabetic screening service was established at St. John's Hospital using digital retinal photography. A preliminary photographic protocol was put into place ...

Recent studies show diabetes can be prevented. Growing knowledge of its biological bases opens further prevention opportunities. This article focuses on behavioral science research that may advance these opportunities. An ecological model guides attention to how prevention research may be pursued at the individual, group, or community levels. Three key ...

The long-term consequences of screening for celiac disease in diabetic children are not known. Routine screening is not practiced in our pediatric diabetic population. This study of the incidence of the most severe and specific long-term complication of untreated celiac disease, i.e., enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATCL) and its association with ...

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies of dementia subtypes have revealed widely varying distribution rates. There are almost no published community prevalence data for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) or the frontal lobe dementias (FLD). AIMS: To identify the distribution of dementia subtypes in a representative community population of older people. METHOD: People ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of a cohort of people with diabetes screened by the Exeter Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Programme. METHOD: The cohort comprised of diabetic patients from nine market town General Practices around Exeter who first attended the diabetic retinopathy screening programme in 1992. Screening was carried out ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the need for, and efficacy of, community-based culturally specific eye disease screening clinics for urban African Americans with diabetes. The study employed a variety of culturally specific methods in the design and performance of 43 community-based eye disease screening clinics in southeastern ...

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency with which Black women with type 2 diabetes receive routine primary health care screening for cancer and diabetes complications. DATA SOURCES: Pilot study data from a convenience sample of 21 Black women (mean age 46.8 years) with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer screening consisted of ...

Coeliac disease is more prevalent in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus than in the normal population. It often presents in an atypical or silent form. Specific autoantibodies are found in almost all cases. Untreated coeliac disease may be associated with long-term health risks, so screening and early treatment with ...

A method of measurement of radon concentration in air was developed, based on high-sensitivity LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N, TLD Poland) thermoluminescent detectors installed in charcoal canisters. The canisters were exposed typically for 72 h in a calibration chamber with a radon concentration ranging from 100 Bq x m(-3) to 87 kBq x ...

This is the story of a nondiabetic first-degree relative of a child with Type 1 Diabetes who was screened for Type 1 diabetes and was found to be at high risk being positive for genetic, immunologic and metabolic markers. He accepted to be treated with low-dose subcutaneous insulin and for ...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is estimated to have a worldwide prevalence of 4.6% and afflict 200 million people. The prevalence is accelerating rapidly and the disease has reached epidemic proportions. While type 1 diabetes usually has a dramatic clinical onset, almost half of all those individuals with type 2 diabetes have ...

BACKGROUND: Opportunistic disease screening is the routine, asymptomatic disease screening of patients at the time of a physician encounter for other reasons. While the prevalence of unrecognized diabetes in community populations is well known, the prevalence in clinical populations is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence, predictors, and clinical severity ...

Diabetes is the major preventable form of blindness among people of working age in the Western world, despite the improvements in laser photocoagulation treatments. It is known that regular glycaemic control and annual retinal screening of people with diabetes can reduce its incidence. Effective treatment needs to be available but ...

This study was designed to estimate the changes of different activities (going to bed, getting up, visiting washroom) of elderly as an index of mobility. The different values in time and number of the different activities were obtained from 16 elderly suffering from Alzheimer's disease in a hospital for short ...

AIMS: To assess if oral fluorescein angiography (OFA) is a suitable screening method to detect macular oedema in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Eighty-four diabetic patients were included in the study. They were from a consecutive series of patients attending the diabetic eye-screening clinic, with retinopathy at the macula requiring ophthalmology assessment. ...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diabetes in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population is relatively high. A high proportion of cases are undiagnosed. Diabetes is one of a number of increasingly prevalent chronic diseases which have been described collectively as a noncommunicable disease epidemic. OBJECTIVE: To review the existing literature ...

Although universal screening for diabetes mellitus is generally not recommended, recent reports suggest that screening individuals with multiple diabetes risk factors may be worthwhile. Little is known about the cost, yield, or acceptability of this kind of screening. Screening of high-risk patients for diabetes mellitus using a two-step, glucose-based screening ...

PURPOSE: To identify the most appropriate test for screening of early color vision abnormalities in uncomplicated juvenile diabetes. METHODS: Enrolled in this study were 39 diabetic adolescents, characterized by optimal Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria for visual acuity, transparent dioptric means and angiographically normal retinas. Color vision was examined ...

BACKGROUND: Although genotyping studies suggest that hereditary haemochromatosis is one of the most common genetic disorders in white people, it is still thought of as an uncommon disease. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that hereditary haemochromatosis is a disease often overlooked in patients with late-onset type 1 diabetes ...

AIMS: To investigate patients' views of screening for diabetic retinopathy and the effects of the screening process on health beliefs and behavioural intentions. SETTING: A retinal screening clinic at a GP surgery in SW England. METHODS: Questionnaires administered before and immediately after screening by retinal photography. RESULTS: One hundred patients ...

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of optometrists as screeners for diabetic retinopathy using slit-lamp binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupils. METHODS: Prospective study of a screening scheme. Screening was performed by 27 locally accredited optometrists in their practice. The referral protocol used a new simple grading system of retinopathy, especially ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the policy proposed by the American Diabetes Association of universal screening in general practice of all patients aged over 45 years for diabetes. DESIGN: Cross sectional population study. SETTING: Local general practice in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: All patients aged over 45 not known to have diabetes. ...

A series of naturally occurring and synthetic biflavonoids was evaluated for inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb). Compounds 6, 24, and 25 demonstrated 96, 95, and 87% inhibition, respectively, at a screening concentration of 12.5 microg/mL. The type of linkage and the presence of methoxy- and nitro-substituents in biflavonoids ...

In a retrospective review of 471 patients screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a community laboratory, we compared 50 g polycose screening test results with those of the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (GTT). The rate of GDM diagnosis was compared using criteria promulgated by the New Zealand ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the 1997 American Diabetes Association screening guidelines were being implemented by primary care providers. METHODS: A retrospective health record review was undertaken in a large midwestern ambulatory care clinic. A master list was developed of clients aged 45 to 54 ...

PURPOSE: To determine whether the association between acanthosis nigricans (AN) and hyperinsulinemia is independent of obesity and other variables. METHODS: A convenience sample of 675 New Mexico middle school students was screened to determine the presence of AN, obesity, and other variables, including: ethnicity, parental history of diabetes, and level ...

We investigated the prevalence of renal impairment in individuals with known hypertension or diabetes aged 50--75 years in two South London General PRACTICES: We initially interrogated the practice and hospital biochemistry databases for each individual's most recent serum creatinine. Individuals with no result recorded in the previous year were then ...

Results of systematic virtual screening calculations using a structural key-type fingerprint are reported for compounds belonging to 14 activity classes added to randomly selected synthetic molecules. For each class, a fingerprint profile was calculated to monitor the relative occupancy of fingerprint bit positions. Consensus bit patterns were determined consisting of ...

Viral reduction techniques help assure the highest level of plasma-product safety that is possible using today's technology. However, worldwide travel and changing demographics could bring new pathogens into focus and thus require plasma-product manufacturers to be continually vigilant in their efforts to refine current reduction techniques and develop and apply ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Population-wide genetic screening of susceptibility to multifactorial diseases will become relevant as knowledge of the pathogenesis of these diseases increases and preventive interventions are identified. METHODS: Feasibility and acceptance of neonatal genetic screening for Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus susceptibility and adherence of the at-risk children to frequent autoantibody ...

Thirteen Hungarian families that exhibited inherited catalase deficiencies have been detected. Differences between the deficiencies reported from Hungary and the previously reported Swiss acatalasemia were characterized using biochemical analysis of the catalase proteins. Molecular biological methods were used to compare the previously reported types of catalase deficiencies in Japan and ...

The aim of the study was to determine whether there were significant 'seasonal' variations in the rhythm of sperm parameters (i.e. semen volume and sperm density) of men who reside in the tropics. A total of 7656 semen analysis results from the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of a tertiary ...

BACKGROUND: We examined the performance of screening tests for diabetic nephropathy in a population of privately insured individuals. METHODS: Administrative data from a large private health plan were analyzed. Continuously insured persons with diabetes (ages 30-62) with > or = one office visit during the study year (July 1995 to ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there was statistically significant geographic variation in the number of authors on abstracts of the 1999 Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Scientific Assembly. METHODS: Information on type of presentation, number of authors listed in each presentation and country of origin was obtained for 2450 abstracts ...

Type 2 diabetes can cause serious complications even as it remains undiagnosed. Screening is recommended only in people with risk factors for the disease. The ADA recommends FPG as the test of choice, but RPG is also a practical alternative because it is easier and more convenient. Frequency of rescreening ...

To assess the usefulness of random capillary plasma glucose (RCPG) measurement in screening for diabetes mellitus in high-risk subjects, a RCPG measurement and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed in 684 women and 164 men, aged 16-76 years (mean+/-SD: 41.9+/-11.3 years). Risk factors included family history of ...

Beta-xylosidase recovery by micelles using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) cationic surfactant was verified under different experimental conditions. A 2(5-1) fractional factorial design with center points was employed to verify the influence of the following factors on enzyme extraction: pH (x1), CTAB concentration (x2), electrical conductivity (x3), hexanol concentration (x4), ...

Evaluation of microsurgical transsphenoidal hypophysectomy for the treatment of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) in cats. Prospective clinical study. Seven cats with PDH. Urinary cortisol/creatinine ratios, pituitary-adrenocortical function tests, and computed tomography (CT) were performed on 7 cats that presented with a provisional diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. All cats underwent microsurgical transsphenoidal hypophysectomy ...

We compared the diet of residents with diabetes with current British Diabetic Association (BDA) recommendations, and the nutritional adequacy and content of the diet using 3-day food diaries. We studied 52 residents with diabetes and 48 age- and sex-matched controls from 37 nursing, residential and elderly mentally infirm homes in ...

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of reviewers' assessments of digital fundus photography (DFP) images, using the findings from comprehensive ophthalmologic examination as the criterion standard. One hundred and fifty-two patients with diabetes underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination by an active duty U.S. Air ...

Four hundred and fifty-four subjects with hyperamylasaemia were screened for the presence of macroamylase using polyethylene glycol precipitation (PEG) and the Beckman automated amylase assay based on the hydrolysis of maltotetraose. Twenty-five subjects (5.5%) exhibited PEG precipitation values suggestive of macroamylasaemia (MA) (>52% loss of original amylase activity). Macroamylasaemia was ...

The objective was to investigate which screening variables in a population study predicted carotid endarterectomy. Among 793 carotid endarterectomies performed at Malmö University Hospital between 1991 and 1998, 85 patients (14 females) were identified that had participated in a population screening between 1974 and 1991. Median time from screening to ...

Diabetic retinopathy is a common cause of blindness, and screening can identify the disease at an earlier, more treatable stage. However, rural individuals with diabetes may have limited access to needed eye care. The objective of this project was to demonstrate the feasibility of a diabetic retinopathy screening program using ...