Recent successful trials of antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic retinopathy implicate this cytokine as a major cause of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema (DME). The mechanisms which cause VEGF to be over-expressed to cause the vasculopathy are not entirely clear. This review explores the ...

Simultaneous stimulation of ex vivo pancreatic islets with dynamic oxygen and glucose is a critical technique for studying how hypoxia alters glucose-stimulated response, especially in transplant environments. Standard techniques using a hypoxic chamber cannot provide both oxygen and glucose modulations, while monitoring stimulus-secretion coupling factors in real-time. Using novel microfluidic ...

Aim.  To compare the effectiveness of two methods of follow-up: short message service and telephone follow-up on type 2 diabetes adherence for three months. Background.  Using telemedicine approaches may preserve appropriate blood glucose levels and may improve adherence to diabetes control recommendations in diabetic patients. Design.  A quasi-experimental, two-group, pretest and ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common in patients with chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus. The primary objective of the study was to determine the overall prevalence and type of CAM use in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Western Sydney and to compare the prevalence and ...

Type 2 diabetes is known to contribute to health disparities in the U.S. and failure to adhere to recommended self-care behaviors is a contributing factor. Intervention programs face difficulties as a result of patient diversity and limited resources. With data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, this study ...

Aim:  To assess the reliability and validity of the Diabetes Medication System Rating Questionnaire among 537 US adults with Type 2 diabetes using five different diabetes medication regimens (oral agents with and without insulin; insulin only by syringe and by pen; glucagon-like peptide 1 agents). Methods:  The Diabetes Medication System Rating Questionnaire ...

AIMS: To study precipitating factors of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at a public hospital in a middle-income country. METHODS: Eighty patients with type 1 diabetes who had an emergency hospitalization for DKA between January 2005 and March 2010 at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Southern Brazil were studied. Data were ...

Abstract Objective: FT (FlexTouch 1 ) is a new prefilled insulin pen with no push-button extension at any set dose and a low activation force that is designed to improve ease of use and insulin administration. This paper reports the results of two usability studies assessing perceptions of FT compared ...

OBJECTIVEPatients with diabetes may experience high burden of treatment (BOT), including treatment-related effects and self-care demands. We examined whether patients with type 2 diabetes and their clinicians discuss BOT, the characteristics of discussions, and their attempts to address BOT during visits.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSTwo coders independently reviewed videos of 46 ...

Background Most of interventions that have attempted to improve medication adherence in type 2 diabetes have been educational; on the assumption that knowledge regarding diabetes might affect patients' adherence to their treatment regimen. Objectives The purpose of the study was to investigate any association of knowledge and medication adherence with ...

Patients intolerant of other diabetes medications or requiring minimal A1c reduction may benefit from bromocriptine.

INTRODUCTION: Real-world data comparing outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients initiating different insulin regimens can help with treatment decisions and patient management. Clinical and economic outcomes following initiation with insulin glargine disposable pen (GLA-P) or insulin detemir disposable pen (DET-P) in T2DM patients were compared over 1-year follow-up. ...

BACKGROUND: The Affordable Care Act is designed to decrease the numbers of uninsured patients in U.S. However, even with insurance, patients who have financial hardships may have difficulty obtaining their medications because of cost issues. OBJECTIVE: Among patients with type 2 diabetes, to examine the association between patients' self-reported financial ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the design and validation of a newly developed brief, treatment-focused scale for use with type 1- and type 2-diabetes, exploring patient-perceived difficulties that are associated with treatment. METHODS: The content of the construct was derived from consultation with experts, from existing instruments and the literature, and from ...

Abstract Background: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing in the United States and worldwide. Insulin injection pens are preferred over vial/syringe methods, and are designed to facilitate use, improve adherence, and provide accurate insulin delivery. Objective: This study compares the efficacy, safety profile, and patient preference of the new prefilled ...

Objectives: 1) describe and determine the feasibility of using cell-phone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to measure blood glucose monitoring and insulin administration in adolescent Type 1 diabetes, 2) relate EMA to traditional self-report and glycemic control, and 3) identify patterns of adherence by time of day and over time using ...

Improving treatment adherence in patients with diabetes remains an important objective of behavioral science research. However, progress is often limited by the heterogeneity in methods used to measure treatment adherence and difficulties in generalizing across methodologies. Various measurement methods are often used with little attention paid to questions regarding validity. ...

Purpose:  The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Norway and adherence to the Norwegian Guidelines for screening for diabetic eye disease. Methods:  Two hundred and ninety-nine people with diabetes were randomly recruited from the patient lists of randomly selected general practitioners ...

Abstract Background: Contrary to longstanding recommendations on type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, the de facto standard of care in Canada includes lag times of many years prior to introducing effective glycemic control. Even patients transitioned to insulin may continue to experience poor glycemic control, with attendant diabetic complications, suggesting poor ...

Aim:  To describe the status of glycaemic control, self-reported adherence to treatments, psychological well-being and quality of life in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes in 2006. Methods:  Subjects registered for care for > 12 months at a diabetes clinic were enrolled in this study. Glycaemic control was determined by HbA(1c) and plasma ...

The purpose of this study was to lend further support to the practice-based theory multigenerational legacies of diabetes (MGLDM). The hypothesis that perceptions of diabetes differ depending upon self-reported family history of diabetes was tested. Surveys assessing illness representation were administered by mail to adults with type 2 diabetes who ...

Diabet. Med. 28, 1113-1117 (2011) ABSTRACT: Aims  Adherence to diabetes-related tasks is an important construct. The Diabetes Self-Management Profile is a validated, semi-structured interview assessing adherence in paediatric patients with Type 1 diabetes. We created and validated a brief questionnaire version of the Diabetes Self-Management Profile called the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire. ...

Objective: To describe demographic and clinical characteristics associated with self-reported receipt of tests and measurements recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for children and youths with diabetes. Methods: The study included 1514 SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study participants who completed a survey about diabetes care received. Quality-of-care measures ...

DiabCare Malaysia 2008 evaluated the current status of diabetes care in Malaysia as a continuation of similar cross-sectional studies conducted previously in 1997, 1998, 2001 and 2003. The current study recruited 1670 patients from general hospitals, diabetes clinics and referral clinics to study current scenario of diabetes management. We report ...

Abstract Insulin initiation, which was traditionally the province of specialists, is increasingly undertaken by primary care. However, significant barriers to appropriate and timely initiation still exist. Whilst insulin is recognized as providing the most effective treatment in type 2 diabetes, it is also widely considered to be the most challenging ...

OBJECTIVE To study the association between adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and risk of developing type 2 diabetes, across European countries. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We established a case-cohort study including 11,994 incident type 2 diabetic case subjects and a stratified subcohort of 15,798 participants selected from a ...

Objectives: The present study examined four methods of assessing diabetes adherence (self-report, diary measure, electronic monitoring, and provider rating) within a population of youth with Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Comparisons were conducted among the four methods of assessing diabetes adherence. Associations among the seven different measures of blood ...

Abstract Exenatide once-weekly (EQW [2 mg s.c.]) is under development as monotherapy as an adjunct to diet and exercise or as a combination therapy with an oral antidiabetes drug(s) in adults with type 2 diabetes. This long-acting formulation contains the active ingredient of the original exenatide twice-daily (EBID) formulation encapsulated in ...

Abstract Objective: This study was conducted to compare adherence and persistence of patients initiating basal insulin therapy with Levemir FlexPen versus those initiating basal insulin therapy with NPH via vial and syringe. Materials and methods: Data were gathered from a large US retrospective claims database, and included patients with type ...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share a common pathogenic mechanism. The prevalence of each of these conditions is increasing at an alarming rate. Despite the availability of several treatment options for patients with T2DM and the use of intensive regimens combining several antidiabetic drugs, less ...

As pharmacists strive for tighter glucose control in their patients, several considerations exist including the selection of insulin delivery administration methods. Traditionally, insulin administration using vials and syringes has been common, but insulin pens are also a viable option. Insulin pens have been shown to increase patient autonomy, which may ...

We assessed the effectiveness of a brief structured diabetes education programme based on the concept of self-efficacy on self-care and glycaemic control using single-blind study design. One hundred and sixty-four participants with poorly controlled diabetes from two settings were randomized using computer-generated list into control (n = 82) and intervention ...

Background. Insulin treatment is accompanied by weight increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim. Aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate body weight increase and its clinical correlates, through direct weighted regressions, as well as the effect of different insulin regimens and insulin analogs, through meta-analysis. Methods. ...

Insulin therapy is crucial to the treatment of many patients with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is important for pharmacists to consider the clinical and economic implications of the decision between insulin pens and insulin vials and syringes. Clinically, insulin pens show an advantage through improved adherence and reduced hypoglycemic events. ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity and effectiveness of trained community pharmacists in delivering the Diabetes Medication Assistance Service (DMAS) via (1) number and types of self-management support interventions (SMSIs); (2) number of goals set and attained by patients and (3) patient outcomes (glycaemic control, medication adherence and satisfaction). METHODS: Pharmacists ...

According to data provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 7.8% of the population in the United States has diabetes, with 1.6 million new cases diagnosed in adults each year (). The morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes is significant. This research brief column features four diabetes-related studies. ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of paternal involvement in diabetes care with adherence and glycemic control. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-six mothers and fathers of preadolescents (aged 9-12 years) with type 1 diabetes reported on paternal involvement. Adherence was measured by interview and blood glucose meter downloads. Mothers' and fathers' ...

Background Insulin is a high-risk medicine which may cause significant patient harm or death when given incorrectly. A 10-fold error in administered insulin dose commonly occurs when the abbreviation 'u' is used for 'units' and subsequently misinterpreted as a 'zero.' Method A multidisciplinary working party was convened and mapped insulin ...

PURPOSE: Diabetes is increasingly prevalent, and nonadherence with diabetes treatment regimens is associated with physical and social costs. Psychological predictors of adherence have been investigated in the literature, including cognitive factors. The present meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between beliefs related to diabetes and adherence to diabetes regimens. ...

O'Connell MA, Donath S, Cameron FJ. Poor adherence to integral daily tasks limits the efficacy of CSII in youth. Introduction/Aims: Many young people experience improved glycemia with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) regimens; however, sustained glycemic benefit eludes a significant proportion. Our aims were to assess adherence to recommended CSII-related ...

Conventional basal insulin preparations have to be resuspended prior to injection and have low therapeutic efficacy and drawbacks like nocturnal hypoglycaemia. There is evidence supporting improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of basal insulin analogues, glargine and detemir as compared with NPH. Initiation and titration of basal insulin analogues helps patients ...

DiabCare Bangladesh 2008 evaluated the current status of diabetes care in Bangladesh as a continuation of similar cross-sectional study conducted previously in 1998. The current study recruited 1952 patients from general hospitals, diabetes clinics and referral clinics to study current scenario of diabetes management from 01 March 2009 to 31 ...

Rationale and Objective: The Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) has beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. We analyzed the association between adherence of a MeDiet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and levels of HbA1c. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in individuals with T2DM participating in the ...

Objective. To measure 3-year medication possession ratios (MPRs) for renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors and statins for Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, and to assess whether better adherence is associated with lower spending on traditional Medicare services controlling for biases common to previous adherence studies. Data Source. Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data ...

This study investigated the effects of a diabetes intensive education program (DIEP) on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1)c), body mass index (BMI), and arterial blood pressure (BP). An 8-week randomized-controlled trial was conducted in Cumhuriyet University Hospital. Diabetes patients were randomized to control group (CG; n = 25) and intervention group (IG; ...

AIMS: In this study we evaluate the reliability and validity of existing Health Beliefs Model (HBM) scales developed to assess HBM domains in a population of patients with both diabetes and serious mental illness (SMI). While diabetes medication adherence has frequently been evaluated through the lens of the HBM, it ...

Type 2 diabetes is a complex, progressive endocrine and metabolical disease that typically requires substantial lifestyle changes and multiple medications to lower blood glucose, reduce cardiovascular risk and address comorbidities. Despite an extensive range of available and effective treatments, < 50% of patients achieve a glycaemical target of HbA(1c) < 7.0% and ...

Diabetes is a serious public health problem that threatens the quality of life of patiens with diabetes, the success of long-term maintenance therapy for diabetes depends largely on the patients' compliance with a therapeutic plan. To assess compliance of diabetic patients to diabetes self-Management in rural El Minia, and to ...

For many individuals, the diagnosis of diabetes is accompanied by the need for significant lifestyle changes, many of which seem difficult or impossible to implement. When diabetes is diagnosed in a child, those lifestyle changes may involve radical alterations in family life and significantly impact the child's normal growth and ...

OBJECTIVE We performed a retrospective analysis of a national cohort of veterans with diabetes to better understand regional, geographic, and racial/ethnic variation in diabetes control as measured by HbA(1c). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a national cohort of 690,968 veterans with diabetes receiving prescriptions ...