ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To examine the management of basal insulin analogue initiation in combination with oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) therapy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (aged ≥70 years) by physicians via comparison to the same treatment strategy in younger individuals (<70 years). METHODS: This subanalysis of a longitudinal observational ...

Background. Evidence suggests a causal link between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis risk. However, to date, few studies have used a prospective design to estimate the impact of diabetes on tuberculosis in a general population. In this study, we prospectively investigated the risk of tuberculosis among persons with diabetes stratified by severity.Methods. A ...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global disease, and diabetes, which is documented to increase susceptibility to TB threefold, is also becoming pandemic. This susceptibility has been attracting extensive research interest. The increased risk of TB in diabetes may serve as a unique model to understand host susceptibility to specific pathogens ...

BACKGROUND: The merging epidemics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) have been raised concerns by many experts but no large scale screening and intervention have been launched yet, especially in low-income areas. The current study aims to understand the prevalence of DM in active PTB patients and evaluate ...

Visceral obesity induces insulin resistance and is recognized as an important risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MS). Therefore, inhibition of lipid absorption from the intestine is regarded as an effective way of preventing MS. Terminalia bellirica is extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine in India and neighboring countries, and the fruit ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether control status of diabetes mellitus influences clinical and radiographic manifestations and treatment responses in patients with tuberculosis (TB). The medical records of 492 patients who started anti-TB medication between January 2005 and December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Diabetes was diagnosed in ...

OBJECTIVETo examine the association between diabetes, glycemic control, and risk of tuberculosis (TB).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a population-based case-control study in Northern Denmark. Cases of active TB were all individuals with a first-time principal hospital diagnosis of TB between 1980 and 2008. Each case subject was matched with up ...

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis (TB) patients attending three TB clinics in Guyana. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among TB patients attending TB clinics in three regions in Guyana. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic, clinical, and risk ...

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at a dramatic rate, and countries in Asia, particularly India and China, will bear the brunt of this epidemic. Persons with diabetes have a significantly increased risk of active tuberculosis (TB), which is two to three times higher than in persons without diabetes. ...

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rapidly increasing across the globe. Tuberculosis (TB), meanwhile, remains a significant problem in low and middle income countries fuelled by high rates of HIV/AIDS. This article explores the long recognised but underappreciated connection between the two, revealing that DM makes a ...

Blacks and Hispanics are disproportionately affected by diabetes, which may confound ethnic association with tuberculosis (TB). We analyzed 2000-2005 National Health Interview Survey data. We present adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 99% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of diabetes with history of TB disease, controlling for race/ethnicity and age. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Multiple studies of tuberculosis treatment have indicated that patients with diabetes mellitus may experience poor outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize evidence for the impact of diabetes on tuberculosis outcomes. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE and the World Health Organization Regional Indexes from ...

BACKGROUND: The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) has long been known, but the extent of the relationship has only recently been demonstrated. It has been suggested that the presence of DM could triple the risk of TB. OBJECTIVE: Within the clinical picture of culture-proven TB, we examined ...

Diabetes is a life threatening disease and its onset is linked with both environmental and genetic factors. Zinc metabolism gets altered during diabetes and results in many complications. The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of zinc supplementation on the biokinetics of (65)Zn in whole body, liver and ...

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important infectious diseases, causing 1.8 million deaths annually worldwide. This problem has increased because of the association with human immmunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus type 2, mainly in developing countries. In the past few years it has been highlighted the significance of antimicrobial ...

To estimate the contribution of clinically-confirmed diabetes mellitus to tuberculosis (TB) rates in communities where both diseases are prevalent as a way to identify opportunities for TB prevention among diabetic patients. This is a prospective study in which TB patients ≥ 20 years old at TB clinics in the Texas-Mexico border ...

SETTING AND OBJECTIVES: the sensitivity of the interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or disease may be affected by immune dysregulation in diabetes. As millions of type 2 diabetes patients are at risk for tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, it is important to determine if the sensitivity ...

BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence supports the role of type 2 diabetes as an individual-level risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), though evidence from developing countries with the highest TB burdens is lacking. In developing countries, TB is most common among the poor, in whom diabetes may be less common. ...

This study examined the frequency of Vα24(+)/Vβ11(+) natural-killer T (NKT) cells from peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). The clinical grade of TB was significantly higher among diabetic patients. NKT cells from both peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage were ...

Diabetes mellitus is a known predisposition factor for tuberculosis. However, the cause of such interrelationship is incompletely understood. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia. Interestingly, glucose has been shown to stimulate NADPH oxidase, the key enzyme involved with respiratory burst in monocytes and macrophages. This glucose-induced genesis of reactive oxygen ...

Diabetes prevalence and body mass index reflect the nutritional profile of populations but have opposing effects on tuberculosis risk. Interactions between diabetes and BMI could help or hinder TB control in growing, aging, urbanizing populations. We compiled data describing temporal changes in BMI, diabetes prevalence and population age structure in ...

Diabetes and TB are associated, and diabetes is increasingly common in low-income countries where tuberculosis (TB) is highly endemic. However, the role of diabetes for TB has not been assessed in populations where HIV is prevalent. A case-control study was conducted in an urban population in Tanzania among culture-confirmed pulmonary ...

The steadily growing epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a threat for global tuberculosis (TB) control. Previous studies have identified an important association between DM and TB. However, these studies have limitations: very few were carried out in low-income countries, and none in Africa, raising uncertainty about the strength of ...

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, intense control of blood pressure, lipids and glucose, aiming at theoretically ideal values, is bought at a cost. Intense blood pressure control has renal complications. Intense lipid control, thus far, has worked for reduction of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, paradoxically at the cost of a ...

The aim of the current study was to examine the health outcomes of patients suffering from painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (pDPN) over a 3-year period, relative to patients with diabetes but without neuropathic pain and controls. The current study included participants who completed three consecutive waves of the National Health ...

To synthesise key outcomes data from cost-effectiveness studies in diabetes, in the UK setting, and describe a narrative for the evidence-base, in order to understand the direction that future health economics research in this field could be heading. The peer-reviewed literature was searched at http://www.pubmed.com for health economics analyses in ...

'Diabesity' is the term for diabetes occurring in the context of obesity. In this review, we will overview the latest epidemiological data available describing the rising prevalence, health impact and economic impact of diabesity. We will also outline the measures required to slowdown this newly evolving epidemic. The global prevalence ...

The OnceMix and INITIATE studies have indicated that biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) is more effective than insulin glargine (IGlarg), in terms of glycohemoglobin reductions, in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating insulin therapy. The cost-effectiveness of BIAsp 30 versus IGlarg in the Chinese setting is estimated here. The ...

Diabetes mellitus - especially Type 2 diabetes - represents a major threat to public health in nearly all countries worldwide. The number of patients with diabetes is expected to rise to over 438 million by the year 2030. As healthcare resources are considered limited, there is a need for prioritization ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the lifelong health effects, costs, and cost-effectiveness of a quality improvement collaborative focusing on improving diabetes management in an integrated care setting. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Economic evaluation from a healthcare perspective with lifetime horizon alongside a nonrandomized, controlled, before-after study in the Netherlands. Analyses were based ...

To examine variation in outpatient prescription use and spending for hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VA) and its association with quality measures for these conditions. Cross-sectional. We compared outpatient prescription use, spending, and quality of care across 135 VA medical centers (VAMCs) in fiscal year ...

Several different durable or disposable insulin pen delivery devices are currently available, and newer, improved devices are being introduced. One prefilled insulin device, FlexPen (FP), has recently been improved (known as the Next Generation FlexPen (NGFP) in Europe or the improved FlexPen in the United States). The aim of this ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness of routine administration, irrespective of blood pressure (BP), of a fixed-dose combination of perindopril and indapamide to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective cost-effectiveness analysis within the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial, ...

The International Insulin Foundation (IIF) has developed and validated a needs-assessment instrument called the Rapid Assessment Protocol for Insulin Access (RAPIA) which has been used in seven countries in four continents to analyse the constraints to delivering effective continuing care for people with diabetes. One major contributor to the difficulties ...

The medical costs for a type 2 diabetes patient are two to four times greater than the costs for a patient without diabetes. Bariatric surgery is the most effective weight-loss therapy and has marked therapeutic effects on diabetes. We estimate the economic effect of the clinical benefits of bariatric surgery ...

This article reviews economic methodologies developed for estimating cost of illness, examines the current literature on diabetes costs, and presents the latest estimates of the economic impact of type 1 diabetes in terms of direct medical costs (ie, treatment costs) and indirect costs (eg, lost wages).

Diabetes represents a notable burden to health payers. The purpose of this study was to estimate acute hospital care costs of treating people with diabetes with reference to the costs of treating those without. This was a retrospective study. Data from routine hospital practice were available from a large health ...

Many strategies have been shown to be cost-effective for prevention of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), most often by Markov modeling using assumptions based on randomized clinical trails and observational studies. Targeted screening for proteinuria in diabetics and in hypertensive patients is cost-effective for prevention of ESRD, but such screening is ...

This study used nationwide data to determine the prevalence of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among all non-institutionalized persons living in Norway and to estimate the prevalence of SMBG among diabetes patients, the frequency and cost of SMBG, and the use of different glucometers. This retrospective, descriptive study is based ...

To analyze the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery in severely obese (BMI >or=35 kg/m(2)) adults who have diabetes, using a validated diabetes cost-effectiveness model. We expanded the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-RTI Diabetes Cost-Effectiveness Model to incorporate bariatric surgery. In this simulation model, bariatric surgery may lead to diabetes remission ...

The cost-effectiveness of eight strategies for screening for gestational diabetes (including no screening) was estimated with respect to the level of individual patient risk. Cost-utility analysis using a decision analytic model populated with efficacy evidence pooled from recent randomised controlled trials, from the funding perspective of the National Health Service ...

This study examines factors that predict elevated direct costs of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. A cohort of 784 children with type 1 diabetes at least 6 months postdiagnosis and managed by pediatric endocrinologists at Texas Children's Hospital were included in this study. Actual reimbursed costs from January 2004 ...

Insulin sensitivity (SI) is useful in the diagnosis, screening and treatment of diabetes. However, most current tests cannot provide an accurate, immediate or real-time estimate. The DISTq method does not require insulin or C-peptide assays like most SI tests, thus enabling real-time, low-cost SI estimation. The method uses a posteriori ...

Recruitment methods heavily impact budget and outcomes in clinical trials. We conducted a post-hoc examination of the efficiency and cost of three different recruitment methods used in Journey for Control of Diabetes: the IDEA Study, a randomized controlled trial evaluating outcomes of group and individual diabetes education in New Mexico ...

AST-120, an oral adsorbent currently on-label only in Asian countries with phase III trials ongoing in the US, slows renal disease progression in patients with diabetes and advanced-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using AST-120 to treat patients with type ...

To evaluate the long-term clinical and economic outcomes associated with insulin detemir and neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin in combination with mealtime insulin aspart in patients with type 1 diabetes in Sweden, based on data from a two-year, multi-national, open-label, randomized, controlled trial. Insulin detemir was associated with significant improvements ...

Lifestyle interventions (i.e., diet and/or physical activity) are effective in delaying or preventing the onset of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, policymakers must know the cost-effectiveness of such interventions before implementing them at the large-scale population level. This review discusses various issues (e.g., characteristics, modeling, and long-term effectiveness) in the ...

The purpose of this study was to characterize the financial cost and efficacy of primary care treatment for diabetes in the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007. Retrospective data were analysed for people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes along with matched control subjects using data from The Health ...

To examine the relationship of bariatric surgery with the use of diabetes medications and with total health care costs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We studied 2235 adults with type 2 diabetes and commercial health insurance who underwent bariatric surgery in the United States during a 4-year period ...

Inexpensive and standardized methods to deliver medical education to primary care physicians (PCPs) are desirable. Our objective was to assess the impact of an individualized simulated learning intervention on diabetes care provided by PCPs. Eleven clinics with 41 consenting PCPs in a Minnesota medical group were randomized to receive or ...