A total of 66 children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (20 pre-dialysis patients and 46 chronic dialysis patients) were evaluated to address the prevalence of abnormalities in glucose and insulin metabolism and their association with cardiovascular disease. Glucose intolerance was assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test; insulin ...

BACKGROUND: There is no agreement concerning dialyzate glucose concentration in hemodialysis (HD) and 100 and 200 mg/dL (G100 and G200) are frequently used. G200 may result in diffusive glucose flux into the patient, with consequent hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinism, and electrolyte alterations, in particular potassium (K) and phosphorus (P). This trial ...

Background/Aims: To evaluate changes in macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) during a hemodialysis (HD) session in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods: 72 eyes of 36 diabetic patients with and without macular edema were evaluated before and immediately after an HD session. Average and maximum macular ...

Insulin resistance is frequently recognized in uremic patients and is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. However sparse data are available regarding the effects of different methods of renal dialysis on insulin resistance in ESRD without diabetes. The present study was conducted to evaluate ...

The number of diabetic patients worldwide was estimated to be approximately 285 million in 2010. Approximately 5% of all diabetic patients have foot ulcers, often preceded by neuropathy and delayed healing resulting from peripheral vascular disease which leads to increased risk of infection. Additionally, there is a concern that blood ...

Abstract Background: We assessed whether glycated albumin (GA) is a useful glycemic indicator in diabetic patients with anemia who did not undergo dialysis. Methods: Hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) and GA were simultaneously measured in 370 diabetic subjects who had not undergone dialysis. The relationship between GA and HbA(1c) was evaluated in ...

Background: Chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients suffer from an appallingly high cardiovascular mortality. During HD, patients are exposed to dialysate glucose, which may alter blood glucose levels and thus exert effects on the autonomic nervous system. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an established indicator of autonomic nervous system activity and a ...

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis showed no effect of atorvastatin on a composite cardiovascular endpoint, but analysis of the component cardiac endpoints suggested that atorvastatin may significantly reduce risk. Because the AURORA (A Study to Evaluate the Use of Rosuvastatin in Subjects on Regular Hemodialysis: An ...

Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) have often been associated with a high prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular risk factors, although direct measurement of insulin sensitivity (IS) has never been carried out. We aimed to investigate whether the morphological and hormonal features of AI correlate with the presence and severity of ...

Although it has been reported that plasma insulin is removed by hemodialysis (HD), the mechanism for this has not been elucidated. We investigated the mechanism of insulin removal during HD treatment and the characteristics of insulin removal with three high-flux membranes. In our in vivo study, 20 stable diabetic patients ...

A pilot study to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of insulin in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory and oxidative mediators are thought to contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in haemodialysis. Insulin has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties and a continuous low-dose insulin infusion in critically ill ...

The objective of the present study was to compare whole pea flour (WPF) to fractionated pea flour (FPF; hulls only) for their ability to reduce risk factors associated with CVD and diabetes in overweight hypercholesterolaemic individuals. Using a cross-over design, twenty-three hypercholesterolaemic overweight men and women received two-treatment muffins/d containing ...

Patients on haemodialysis (HD) and patients with type 2 diabetes are at high-risk for coronary artery calcification (CAC). The coronary artery calcium score (CACS), quantified by computed tomography, cannot be completely explained by traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. CAC was measured in 45 non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients on HD ...

Among hemodialysis (HD) patients, those who have diabetes have poorer cardiovascular outcomes than non-diabetic patients, but the impact of diabetes on cardiovascular outcomes has not been fully elucidated in HD patients undergoing coronary revascularization. We identified 375 HD patients (203 diabetes, 172 non-diabetes) and 9,006 patients without HD (3,455 diabetes, ...

A semi-automatic, whole-blood aggregometer based on the screen filtration pressure (SFP) method is now widely used clinically and in research, but has not been used with hemodialysis (HD) patients. We measured whole-blood platelet aggregation in HD patients by the SFP method. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 62 HD patients, of ...

Obesity and insulin resistance have been linked to rising incidence and earlier onset of Type 1 diabetes. Inherited differences in insulin action might also influence the evolution of Type 1 diabetes.Our aim was to determine whether parental BMI and insulin resistance influences age of onset of Type 1 diabetes in ...

Thyroid dysfunction has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance (IR). This may involve peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism, which is assumed to be reflected by the ratio triiodothyronine/reverse triiodothyronine (T3/rT3-ratio). To explore a potential association between the T3/rT3-ratio and IR we investigated pairs which differed in IR, but were ...

The lipocalins retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) have been suggested to mediate obesity-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic co-morbidities. The role of lipocalins is however controversial and it is unclear whether they have a physiological role in regulation of insulin sensitivity and metabolic function in clinically ...

To evaluate the effects of 1-year treatment with orlistat plus l-carnitine compared to orlistat alone on body weight, glycemic and lipid control, and inflammatory parameters in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Two hundred and fifty-eight patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c) ) > 8.0%] in therapy with ...

This study is to clarify whether C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count influence insulin homeostasis to the same degree. Serum CRP and peripheral WBC were measured in 739 subjects with normal glucose regulation, 512 with impaired glucose regulation, and 502 newly diagnosed diabetic patients. Levels of insulin ...

What is known and Objective:  The efficacy of sibutramine has been demonstrated in randomized trials in obese/overweight patients including those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our objective was to evaluate the effects of 1-year treatment with sibutramine compared to placebo on body weight, glycaemic control, lipid profile, and inflammatory ...

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) to more direct measures of insulin action before and after lifestyle interventions in obese Latino youth. Study design. Eleven obese Latino boys (age 15.1 ± 1.6 years, body mass index (BMI) percentile ...

In this study, we aimed to estimate serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D) in Asian Indians and test for association between 25-OH-D levels, insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Serum 25-OH-D was measured in a cross-sectional sample of 441 Indians, aged 39.7±12.8 years (237 men and 204 women) with 27.9% ...

To investigate whether human insulin (HI) and insulin analogues differ in their ability to activate the human IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), the human insulin receptor A (IR-A) and the human insulin receptor B (IR-B) in vitro. HI, short-acting insulin analogues (insulin aspart; insulin lispro) and long-acting insulin analogues (insulin glargine; insulin ...

Study design:Controlled experimental human study.Objectives:To assess insulin resistance (IR) in tetraplegia and paraplegia, and the role of the spinal cord (SC) in glucose regulation.Setting:Laboratory of Spinal Research, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital.Methods:Glucose and insulin levels and the heart rate variation spectral components LF (low frequency), HF (high frequency) and LF/HF were studied ...

The aim of the current study was to compare the association of several anthropometric indices, with insulin resistance (IR) proxy measures in European adolescents. The present study comprises 1,097 adolescents aged 12.5-17.5 from ten European cities participating in the HELENA study. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference, skinfolds ...

Aim: Few studies have investigated the association between insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in Chinese. We aimed to investigate this relationship in a population-based study of middle-aged Chinese.Methods: A total of 2,188 subjects aged 40 years and older were recruited in 2004 in Taiwan. The association between arterial stiffness (measured ...

We investigated the measurement of insulin sensitivity (S (I)) with a standardized hyperglucidic breakfast (SHB) compared to minimal model analysis of an intravenous glucose tolerance test (S (I)-IVGTT) in 17 patients clinically referred as type 2 diabetics, not yet treated by insulin, and representing a wide range of body mass ...

To investigate if body mass index (BMI) is related to inflammatory markers and hormones in early pregnancy. A prospective study with 190 pregnant women evaluated at 10 weeks when leptin, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. Median and inter-quartile values of hormones and ...

To study the mechanism(s) linking insulin resistance (IR) to hepatic fibrosis and the role of the epithelial component in tissue repair and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Prospective observational study. Tertiary care academic centre. 78 consecutive patients with CHC. IR, calculated by the oral glucose insulin sensitivity during oral ...

To investigate the impact of reduction in total fat mass (FM) and regional FMs on indices of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in obese men (BMI > 30 kg/m²) after a 1-year weight loss (WL), and secondly, to examine the potential predictive effect of baseline insulin resistance on reduction in total ...

A unique group of individuals termed metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW) has been identified in the general population. The present study examined phenotypic characteristics of MONW individuals in a sample of normal weight, non-diabetic patients with schizophrenia. Outpatients 19 to 75 years old diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder ...

The aims of this study were to compare the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and osteopontin levels, to identify the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and osteopontin levels in obese patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The study population included 62 obese patients (35 males, 27 females) with ...

Patients with GH deficiency (GHD) are insulin resistant with an increase in visceral fat mass (FM). Whether this holds true when sedentary control subjects (CS) are matched for waist has not been documented. GH replacement therapy (GHRT) results in a decrease in FM. Whether the decrease in FM is mainly ...

Type 2 deiodinase (D2) converts T4 into its active metabolite T3, an essential step in thyroid metabolism. A Thr92Ala polymorphism in the gene encoding D2 has been inconsistently associated with insulin resistance (IR). Recently, it was reported that the D2 Thr92Ala (rs225014) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ2 Pro12Ala ...

Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is related to a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We previously reported reduced adiponectin and increased interleukin 6 (IL6) concentrations in IUGR placentas, which are features of insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate placental insulin receptor (IR) function and activation in human placenta and ...

Altered fatty acid patterns in blood may be associated with insulin resistance and related disorders. We investigated whether serum proportions of cholesteryl fatty acids and desaturase activity are associated with glucose tolerance status and insulin resistance. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study among 471 Dutch participants aged ≥40 years. ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving clinical insulin resistance and/or pre-diabetes in children. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Five electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of at least 2-months' duration. The outcomes were fasting insulin, homeostasis ...

Objective  To compare ethnic differences in total, free and bioavailable testosterone amongst young healthy South Asian and Caucasian men. Design and subjects  Cross-sectional study of 134 healthy men (age 20-40 years) of South Asian (n = 67) or Caucasian (n = 67) origin, recruited from hospital staff and students working in Newport, UK. Subjects were ...

Aim: to obtain prevalence of insulin resistance among siblings of subjects with type 2 DM and their metabolic abnormality profiles as measured by their BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, glucose intolerance, concentration of triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and uric acid. Methods: a preliminary, cross sectional study conducted among 30 siblings ...

It has long been proposed that elevation of liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) may be associated with insulin resistance (IR). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of the above mentioned liver enzymes with IR by using hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, ...

Whether insulin resistance predicts ischemic stroke (IS) is still a matter of debate. To determine the association between insulin resistance (IR) and risk of first ischemic stroke in a large, multiethnic, stroke-free cohort without diabetes. Prospective, population-based cohort study. Longitudinal epidemiologic study. A cohort of 1509 nondiabetic participants from the ...

There is growing evidence suggesting an association between type 2 diabetes and impaired pulmonary function. However, the role of insulin resistance itself remains to be elucidated. The aim of the study is to determine whether obese patients with insulin resistance without diabetes have reduced pulmonary function in comparison with non-diabetic ...

Under-γ-carboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) increases insulin secretion and decreases glucose concentrations in mice. We determined whether changes in ucOC concentrations in humans were associated with changes in insulin and glucose concentrations. Twenty-one community-dwelling postmenopausal women received 1 mg phylloquinone daily for 12 mo (experimental group), and 21 subjects were treated with ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of sex and race/ethnicity on metabolic risk and health behaviors in minority youth. A total of 173 seventh graders (46% male and 54% female; 49% Hispanic and 51% African American) with BMI ≥85th percentile and a family history of diabetes ...

Changes in indexes of obesity, such as waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI), may influence some glucose metabolism-related parameters in both obese and non-obese subjects. We have investigated the impact of changes in WC and in BMI on data related to glucose metabolism over a one-year period. Data ...

The aim of this study was done to assess the association of lung function with insulin resistance (IR), systemic inflammation, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In 9,581 apparently healthy non-smoking male adults, pulmonary function, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profiles and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured, and homeostatic model ...

Different methods are available for assessing insulin sensitivity in the fasting state. However, insulin resistance (IR) is initially a postprandial disturbance; and usually, when basal (fasting) disturbance appears, the process has been in progress for some time. Our aim was to investigate if a postprandial measurement, performing an oral glucose ...

Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with obesity and predisposes to diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to determine if IR is related to cardiovascular function independent of DM or hypertension among African Americans (AA). Four hundred sixty-two nondiabetic AA (50% hypertensive and 51% women) ...

We have recently shown an impairment in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in normoglycemic patients with Huntington disease (HD). To investigate whether such observations are HD-specific or may be common to other polyglutamine diseases, glucose homeostasis was studied in 12 unrelated, untreated normoglycemic patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), ...