Polymorphism RS7903146 in transcription factor 7-like2 gene ( TCF7L2) is associated with type 2-diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults. Concerned with predisposition for diabetes mellitus in obese children, we tested if risk genotypes TC and TT of rs7903146 are more common in obese children with increased homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance ...

The emergence of type 2 diabetes in young populations has mirrored a rising prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance during childhood and adolescence. At the same time, the role of adipokines as links between obesity and insulin resistance is becoming more appreciated. We sought to establish age- and sex-specific distributions ...

BACKGROUND: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), obesity and insulin resistance (IR) occur frequently in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). We hypothesised that in these patients, EDS is a marker of IR, independent of obesity. METHODS: We studied 44 patients with OSAS (22 with and 22 without EDS) matched for ...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated how beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity or resistance are affected by the type of blood sample collected or choice of insulin assay and homeostatis model assessment (HOMA) calculator (http://www.dtu.ox.ac.uk). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Insulin was measured using 11 different assays in serum and 1 assay in heparinized ...

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes increases an individual's risk of developing dementias (eg, vascular), whereas regular physical activity has been shown to lower this risk. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the relationships among cognitive function, exercise status, and type 2 diabetes (T2 DM) to determine whether physical activity participation ...

AIM: This study was designed to investigate whether recreational physical activity based on aquatic training may improve lipid profile and glucose tolerance in obese subjects. Additionally, we intended to assess a possible correlation between insulin resistance index HOMA(IR) with another index including serum adiponectin concentrations. METHODS: Study population consisted of ...

AIM: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is among the most common dermatologic manifestations of obesity and hyperinsulinism. In this study, we aimed to find the clinical and laboratory differences in obese children with AN and without AN (non-AN). METHODS: In total, 160 obese children were included in the study. The duration of ...

AIMS: To assess insulin resistance and adiponectin profile in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), according to the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (MS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-two patients with histologically proven CHC, genotype I were prospectively studied. Parameters of MS according to the IDF criteria ...

BACKGROUND: Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) may increase insulin resistance (IR) in animals, with elevated levels reported in humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes. There are, however, few data on concentrations of RBP-4 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: We measured fasting serum levels of RBP-4, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) ...

The objectives of this cohort analysis were to explore the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to evaluate the ability to detect IR in subjects fulfilling those criteria. We enrolled 511 healthy subjects (218 men and 283 women) and measured their blood pressure ...

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance of target organs, which is due to impaired insulin signal transduction. The skeleton of signaling mediators that provide for normal insulin action has been established. However, the detailed kinetics, and their mechanistic generation, remain incompletely understood. We measured time-courses in primary human ...

The intracellular concentration of fatty acids in insulin-sensitive cells is purported to be a key factor in the development of insulin resistance. It is hypothesized that the intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) concentration is correlated with the degree of insulin resistance (IR), and that a reduction in IMCL will have a more ...

BACKGROUND: In HIV patients, disorders in glucose metabolism seem to be side effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) which may be favoured by obesity, abdominal fat accumulation and familial disposition for diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of our study was to identify patients at high risk for abnormalities in ...

Adipose tissue-derived adipokines may contribute to insulin resistance. We tested the hypothesis that adipokines are associated with insulin resistance in a community-based cohort and that associations are maintained in people with and without the metabolic syndrome (high vs. low risk of diabetes). We studied a cross-sectional sample of 2356 individuals ...

Epidemiological research indicates that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) improve insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seafood consumption on insulin resistance in overweight participants during energy restriction. In this 8 week dietary intervention, 324 participants (20-40 years, BMI 27.5-32.5 kg/m(2), ...

AIM: HOMA and QUICKI are the most widely used indices for assessing insulin sensitivity. Both are based on fasting glucose and insulin measures, and mainly differ by the log transformation of these variables in QUICKI. However, HOMA is less reproducible than QUICKI, and log HOMA does not improve its reproducibility. ...

AIM: To investigate the effects of extended-release metformin (MXR) compared with immediate-release metformin (MIR) on post-prandial glycaemic excursion, chronic glycaemia, lipid profiles, insulin resistance and islet function in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A randomised, open-labelled, positive-controlled multicentre study was conducted on 150 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. After 2 ...

Increased adiposity is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and an inflammatory response in adults. We tested the hypotheses that cytokines associated with adiposity are also correlated with IR in early adolescents and that these relationships are moderated by weight status, levels of vigorous physical activity (VPA), or maximal aerobic power ...

BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to measure the prevalence, incidence, and resolution of insulin resistance (IR) in critically ill patients. A secondary objective was to explore the relationship between IR and inflammatory cytokines, coagulation abnormalities, and clinical outcomes. Design: Prospective observational study. METHODS: The setting was the ...

Insulin resistance is a common disorder caused by a wide variety of physiological insults, some of which include poor diet, inflammation, anti-inflammatory steroids, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. The common link between these diverse insults and insulin resistance is widely considered to involve impaired insulin signaling, particularly at the level of the ...

OBJECTIVES: Metabolic factors may affect the course of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Insulin resistance (IR) determines steatosis, but its direct role in affecting progression of hepatic fibrosis is less clear. We aimed to assess whether increasing degrees of IR, up to overt diabetes, are linked to steatosis and higher stages ...

To investigate blood apelin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had no additional disorder and to investigate the association of apelin with adiponectin, body mass indexes (BMI) and insulin sensitivity. Forty patients with T2DM and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Apelin levels ...

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) because of its association with obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance (IR), is the hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome. Exercise and nutritional intervention can improve and prevent these inter-related conditions; the relationships between the degree of IR and ultrasound (US) morphological post-interventional changes are not ...

OBJECTIVE: In recent years high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were recognized as risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between these vascular ...

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and decreased kidney function are well-established cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients. STUDY DESIGN: We investigated the relationship between creatinine level, creatinine clearance, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with LV mass (LVM) in a cross-sectional study. PREDICTORS: eGFR and serum creatinine level. OUTCOME: LVM ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the interaction between cardiorespiratory capacity and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN/METHODS: A total of 92 patients with T2DM (40 men, 52 women) performed a symptom-limited exercise test on ergocycle, with continuous gas exchange ...

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been identified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine which is thought to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. However, to date, the various associations between factors related to the course of type 2 diabetes, like metabolic compensation, beta cell secretory dysfunction, insulin resistance and IL-12 serum levels, remain unclear. ...

BACKGROUND: Clinical predictors of advanced non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) are needed to guide diagnostic evaluation and treatment. METHODS: To better understand the demographics of NAFLD and risk factors for advanced disease, this study analysed 827 patients with NAFLD at two geographically separate tertiary medical centres. RESULTS: The cohort was 51% ...

BACKGROUND: Insulin is a thyroid growth factor that stimulates proliferation of thyroid cells in culture. In order to evaluate the effects of insulin resistance (IR) on the thyroid gland, we developed a prospective study in euthyroid women. METHODS: One hundred eleven women (mean age 32.2 +/- 7 years) were evaluated ...

AIM: To compare the associations of several anthropometric indices (i.e. waist circumference [WC], waist-to-height ratio, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio) with the insulin resistance (IR) proxy measures in Greek schoolchildren. METHODS: A random sample of 248 children was used. Fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were measured. ...

Anxiety has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is responsible for the vast majority of cardiovascular events. Recent evidence is accumulating to show that insulin resistance (IR) plays a central role in determining the clinical manifestations of established atherosclerotic lesions. The current preliminary study aimed to investigate ...

OBJECTIVE: Adiposity, insulin resistance (IR), and hyperandrogenism are features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) secreted from adipose and liver tissues has been linked to IR. The impact of RBP4 on IR in PCOS and its usability to identify women with metabolic syndrome (MS) or impaired glucose ...

BACKGROUND: Low resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) have been shown in adults to predispose to obesity and diabetes mellitus. AIM: To correlate REE and RQ in 73 obese children and young adults (body mass index [BMI] 37 +/- 10 kg/m2) with measures of insulin secretion and resistance ...

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 2-10% of all pregnant women, causing increased morbidity and mortality, and is tested for in the second trimester of pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to predict GDM in the first trimester. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included 271 patients who were ...

The frequency of insulin receptor autoantibodies (IR-ab) was determined among adolescents and young adults with documented insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) with and without concomitant autoimmunity. The study population was comprised of 61 patients with obesity, acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance (simple IRS); 12 with IRS and other autoimmune problems (lupus ...

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is an effective therapy for children with short stature born small for gestational age (SGA); however, insulin resistance can develop during treatment. This retrospective analysis assessed the effect of rhGH treatment (0.067 mg/kg/day) on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in children with short stature born ...

Second generation antipsychotics are associated with the risk of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. Remnant-like lipoprotein particles cholesterol (RLP-C) are a known risk factor for cardiovascular events. The present study was performed to determine possible differences in fasting blood RLP-C levels between schizophrenic patients treated with risperidone ...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is often associated with fatty liver (FL). In most cases, bright liver at ultrasound (US) and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) levels are considered the hallmarks of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Insulin resistance (IR) is the main link between obesity and NAFLD. The use of ...

We assessed the differential contribution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and visceral adiposity to nontraditional cardiovascular risk biomarkers in adult men. We enrolled 45 consecutive, overweight, male patients with biopsy-proven NASH, 45 overweight male patients without ultrasound-diagnosed hepatic steatosis, and 45 healthy male volunteers. All participants were matched for age; NASH ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To establish the prevalence of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations in Chinese adolescents, and to explore the nature of associations amongst ALT, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements and fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipids and ALT were measured in 2102 Chinese adolescents, aged 12-18 years, randomly ...

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to measure serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to investigate the association of these BDNF levels with biomarkers of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 112 patients with T2DM ...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies addressing the changes in serum visfatin levels after bariatric surgery yielded conflicting results. METHODS: We measured serum visfatin levels in 41 morbidly obese women before bariatric surgery and after losing at least 15% of the initial weight, and analyzed the results taking into account the type of ...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary emphysema is associated with cachexia and disregulation of the hormones regulating the glycolipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and altered substrate utilization. This study aimed at identifying the effects of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) on glycolipidic hormones compared to respiratory rehabilitation (RR). METHODS: Thirty-three patients with moderate-to-severe emphysema who ...

AIMS: To investigate associations between gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and components of metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in the Korean population. METHODS: The 3508 subjects enrolled in this survey participated in the Korean Rural Genomic Cohort (KRGC) study. Written consent was obtained from the local ethical committee. Of these ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and atheroma burden in Pakistanis. METHODS: A prospective case-control study of 400 patients selected for the presence/absence of angiographic disease. Coronary atheroma burden was quantified and IR and cardiovascular risk factors were measured. RESULTS: The patients were divided into two groups ...

BACKGROUND: Visceral obesity (VO) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with VO and cardiovascular disease. After exploring the relation between CRP and VO, we aimed to evaluate the VO independent relation between CRP and carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The ...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin resistance (IR) is considered the pathologic link between T2DM and obesity. The mechanism in improving T2DM after bariatric surgery remains speculative. This trial assessed the effect of duodenal jejunal exclusion on the resolution ...

For a group of 73 males and 247 females, being health-conscious and from the lower middle class of Bangkok, with various degrees of the nutritional status defined by the new criteria for Asians, the relationship of anthropometric indicators and the plasma lipid status to fasting glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and ...

Insulin resistance (IR), or low insulin sensitivity, is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A simple, high resolution assessment of IR would enable earlier diagnosis and more accurate monitoring of intervention effects. Current assessments are either too intensive for clinical settings (Euglycaemic ...

AIMS: To compare the clinical characteristics of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) between immigrants from the Middle-East and Swedish patients. METHODS: The study group included 450 consecutive patients with T2DM, 379 Swedish-born aged 61 +/- 12 years and 71 patients originally from the Middle-East aged 50 +/- 11 years from the ...