OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the associations between the severity of hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes, including circulating apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) concentrations and lipoprotein particle size and numbers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Computed tomography imaging was used to assess hepatic fat content and ...

OBJECTIVE: We examined various factors possibly related to metabolic syndrome, particularly focusing on nutritional assessment proteins such as retinol binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR), and remnant lipoproteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fasting serum lipid was analyzed in 58 Japanese adult volunteers (33 men and 25 women, 42.5 +/- 10.1 years ...

BACKGROUND: Post-prandial lipid abnormalities might contribute to the excess of cardiovascular risk typical of type 2 diabetic patients. The study evaluated the effects of atorvastatin (20 mg d(-1)) vs. fenofibrate (200 mg d(-1)) on post-prandial lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed hyperlipidaemia. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Eight type 2 ...

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease with focal rupture of vulnerable plaque responsible for major clinical events. Several population-based studies indicate an association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and cardiovascular events. Lp-PLA2 is emerging as a biomarker that may be a potential link between oxidized LDL cholesterol and multifocal plaque ...

Hypertriglyceridemia is considered a cardiovascular risk factor in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. In this study, we aimed to determine potential regulators of very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride (TG) production. VLDL-TG kinetics were measured in 13 men and 12 women [body mass index [mean (range)]: 24.8 (20.2-35.6) kg/m(2)]. VLDL-TG production was assessed ...

PURPOSE: The development and outcomes of two pharmacist-managed diabetes care clinics (DCCs) are described. METHODS: Retrospective data analysis was performed to determine the outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated in two pharmacist-managed DCCs. Primary outcome measures included changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), fasting plasma glucose, ...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of nateglinide in controlling blood glucose levels and regulating lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes by focusing attention particularly on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. The subjects were 23 patients with type 2 diabetes who were given ...

The risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher and the prognosis poorer for diabetic than for non-diabetic individuals. Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterized by hypertriglyceridaemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the presence of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Increased physical activity and weight loss are the ...

BACKGROUND: Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Individuals with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are more susceptible to the effects of homocysteine than non-diabetic subjects. The interaction between homocysteine-thiolactone (Hcy-thiolactone), a reactive product of Hcy, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) induces the formation of homocystamide-LDL ...

The effect of long-chain n-3 PUFA on the metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoprotein in diabetic subjects is not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of a daily intake of 1080 mg EPA and 720 mg DHA for diabetic subjects on the kinetics of apoB100-containing ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between lipids and insulin concentration in adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 350 adolescents aged 14-19 years old from a public high school in Guadalajara, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, was conducted. Fasting insulin concentration was ...

Elevated triglycerides are now considered an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and continue to be a major risk for acute pancreatitis, especially when levels exceed 1000 mg/dL (SOR: B). Elevated triglycerides are a component of atherogenic dyslipidemia and often signal the presence of other conditions (eg, metabolic syndrome, ...

It remains unclear whether insulin improves dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) particles are recognized as a powerful risk factor for coronary heart disease and are often elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We examined the effect of intensive insulin therapy on sd-LDL ...

OBJECTIVE: Dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and also primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic abnormalities in mild pHPT have been reported, but never in cases with normal calcium and high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, i.e. suffering from 'normocalcemic pHPT'. Our aim was to explore ...

Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, is administered to control blood glucose levels. The drug also reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanism is still to be elucidated. We therefore hypothesized that treatment with acarbose ameliorates the atherogenecity of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a key molecule in atherogenesis. Patients with ...

CONTEXT: Levels of TSH respond to fluctuations in serum free T(4) (fT(4)) but remain in a very narrow individual range. There exists current controversy regarding the upper limit of normal serum TSH values above which treatment should be indicated. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study whether the individually determined fT(4)-TSH relationship ...

Apo E plays an important role in chylomicron and VLDL remnant processing, uptake or conversion to LDL. The type of lipoprotein that isolates in the LDL density of E2/2 subjects was investigated and the effect of the apo E isoforms on LDL mass was determined in all genotypes in a ...

The most extensively studied class of phytoestrogens, isoflavones, occur in soybeans and other legumes. Six systematic reviews have assessed the effects of soy isoflavones on lipid levels, and suggested that a diet supplemented with soy protein isolate (ISP) containing isoflavones reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by around 0.15 mmol/L, but ...

This study was designed to define some of the mechanisms by which rapamycin (RAPA), an mTOR inhibitor, induces hypertriglyceridemia when used as an immunosuppressive or antiproliferative agent and to determine whether low doses result in less undesirable side effects. Thirty male guinea pigs (n=10 per group) were randomly assigned to ...

Apolipoprotein L1 in plasma is associated with high-density lipoprotein. Novel APOL1 polymorphisms are investigated along with the association of two common haplotypes (Lysl66Glu, Ile244Met, Lys271Arg) with circulating lipid and glucose levels. Although the amino acid substitutions occur in the amphipathic alpha helices region involved in lipid binding, these substitutions were ...

Multifactorial etiology is involved in premature atherosclerosis related to diabetes. Most of the mechanisms that are responsible for the etiology in diabetes have remained unsolved so far. Type 1 diabetes is associated with a favorable lipid pattern and with microangiopathy, which is not true for type 2 diabetes, which is ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diabetic dyslipidaemia is a cluster of plasma lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities that are metabolically interrelated. The increase of large type 1 very low density lipoprotein particles in type 2 diabetes initiates a sequence of events that generates atherogenic remnants, small dense low-density lipoprotein and small dense high-density ...

AIMS: Diabetic dyslipidaemia with decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration plays a key role in enhanced atherosclerosis. The antioxidant effect of HDL is due to the influence of human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and several authors have described decreased activity of this enzyme in Type 2 diabetics and subjects with metabolic syndrome. ...

Lipoprotein metabolism is the result of a complex network of many individual components. Abnormal lipoprotein concentrations can result from changes in the production, conversion, or catabolism of lipoprotein particles. Studies in hypolipoproteinemia and hyperlipoproteinemia have elucidated the processes that control VLDL secretion as well as VLDL and LDL catabolism. Here, ...

Recent studies suggest that blockade of angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor may have some effect on glucose and lipoprotein metabolism. Serum level of preheparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) reflects LPL production mainly in adipocytes and is believed to be related to insulin sensitivity. We studied the effect of a selective AT1 ...

BACKGROUND: The present study examined the effects of atorvastatin and the in vitro effect of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I/phosphatidylcholine (POPC) discs on charge-based triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) subfractions in a patient with type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) and the apoE2/2 phenotype. METHODS: Charge-based lipoprotein subfractions were characterized by capillary isotachophoresis (cITP). cITP analysis ...

Glucosamine-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was recently shown to specifically reduce apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) secretion by enhancing the proteasomal degradation of apoB-100. Here, we examined the mechanisms linking glucosamine-induced ER stress and apoB-lipoprotein biogenesis. Trypsin sensitivity studies suggested glucosamine-induced changes in apoB-100 conformation. Endoglycosidase H studies of newly synthesized apoB-100 ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes after treatment conversion from rosiglitazone to pioglitazone while maintaining stable statin and other lipid-altering therapies. A total of 305 patients were enrolled in this open-label study. Patients had been taking stable dosages ...

Diabetes is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The management of dyslipidemia, a well-recognized and modifiable risk factor among patients with type 2 diabetes, is an important element in the multifactorial approach to prevent coronary heart disease. Diabetic dyslipidemia typically consists of elevated triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ...

BACKGROUND: The combination tablet containing ezetimibe and simvastatin (EZE/SIMVA), inhibits both the intestinal absorption and endogenous production of cholesterol, providing significantly greater low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering than EZE or SIMVA alone. The purpose of this pooled analysis was to evaluate the consistency of efficacy (i.e., between-treatment difference) of EZE/SIMVA ...

BACKGROUND: According to previous studies, cinnamon may have a positive effect on the glycaemic control and the lipid profile in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The aim of this trial was to determine whether an aqueous cinnamon purified extract improves glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, ...

AIMS: To assess the effects of weight gain on metabolic control, plasma lipids and blood pressure in patients with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Patients in the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study (n = 3250) were examined at baseline and 1800 (55%) were re-examined a mean of 7.3 years later. Patients had ...

Hyperlipidemia and hypertension are frequently observed in patients with coronary artery disease. It has been proposed that an interaction between low-density lipoprotein, especially its oxidized form (ox-LDL), and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation is a major determinant of atherogenesis. Ox-LDL accumulation in the blood vessels enhances the expression and activation of ...

The effect of obesity on atherosclerotic burden and its modulation by lipid-lowering therapy is unknown. The Reversal of Atherosclerosis with Aggressive Lipid Lowering (REVERSAL) study was analyzed to determine the influence of increasing body mass index (BMI) on plasma lipids, C-reactive protein, plaque burden as determined by intravascular ultrasound, and ...

Rates of hypertension, high low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus awareness, treatment, and control for persons with a history of myocardial infarction and stroke were compared by using two nationally representative samples of the US population: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1988-1994 (n = ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: When LDLs are exposed to glucose in vitro, glycation of apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) leads to a loss in its affinity for the LDL receptor and reproducible alterations in the immunoreactivity of specific apoB epitopes, including several epitopes close to the LDL receptor binding site. The aim of this work ...

OBJECTIVE: This study has dealt with the effects of gemfibrozil and vitamin E (vit E) therapies on lipoprotein levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant statuses of the elderly and young hyperlipidemic subjects. METHODS: This study took place in the Internal Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Turkey between 2004-2005. This ...

AIM: To evaluate the effect of ezetimibe on insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in obese and dyslipidaemic patients. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in 12 obese, dyslipidaemic patients, independently of their basal insulin sensitivity. At the beginning of the study, a metabolic profile was measured, ...

Hyperlipemia in horses is a disorder of lipid metabolism peculiar to ponies. This study reports changes of blood biochemical values from the acute to the postconvalescent phases in 3 Shetland ponies with hyperlipemia in Japan. Diseased ponies (all 7 to 9 years old, in late pregnancy, and obese) were fed ...

AIM: To assess the effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and intrauterine devices (IUDs) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and hemostasis in perimenopausal diabetic women. METHODS: The open randomized study included a total of 113 diabetic women using COCs with different estrogen/progestogen profiles - ethinylestradiol (EE) 20 microg/desogestrel 150 microg, ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming sweet cherries on plasma lipids and markers of inflammation in healthy humans. Healthy men and women (n = 18) supplemented their diets with Bing sweet cherries (280 g/d) for 28 d. After a 12-h fast, blood samples were ...

BACKGROUND: Although small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) has an established association with diabetic dyslipidemia, previous studies have failed to show an association between sd-LDL and diabetes among coronary heart disease patients. This study investigated the prevalence of sd-LDL and abnormal glucose regulation in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS AND RESULTS: ...

OBJECTIVE: Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (LCAT-def) is characterized by low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the accumulation of lipoprotein-X (LpX). Despite the low HDL, atherosclerosis is uncommon in LCAT-def. The decreased LDL would be a possible explanation but the underlying mechanism is not clear. In addition, ...

Modified lipoproteins induce autoimmune responses including the synthesis of autoantibodies with pro-inflammatory characteristics. Circulating modified lipoprotein autoantibodies combine with circulating antigens and form immune complexes (IC). We now report the results of a study investigating the role of circulating IC containing modified lipoproteins in the progression of carotid intima-media thickness ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between chylomicron composition and expression of genes that regulate chylomicron production in the intestine. We examined expression of the following: (1) Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), which regulates cholesterol absorption; (2) ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8 (ABCG5, ABCG8), ...

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the generation of lipid-loaded macrophage-derived foam cells. To study the effect of different types of atherogenic lipoproteins, human macrophages were loaded with enzymatically degraded low density lipoprotein (E-LDL) or oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL). Cellular cholesterol content was increased by E-LDL, whereas Ox-LDL increased the ceramide content. Cell ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Previous studies have shown that glycation of LDL by methylglyoxal and glycolaldehyde, in the absence of significant oxidation, results in lipid accumulation in macrophage cells. Such 'foam cells' are a hallmark of atherosclerosis. In this study we examined whether LDL glycation by methylglyoxal or glycolaldehyde, and subsequent lipid loading ...

Theoretical investigations of competitive dynamics have noted that numbers of predator and prey influence each other. However, few empirical studies have demonstrated how a life-history trait of the prey (such as fecundity) can be affected simultaneously by its own density and the density of predators. For instance, density dependence can ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare lipid and lipoprotein (a) profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on insulin and oral hypoglycemic therapy. METHODS: The study took place in the Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, during 2002. Ninety-seven type 2 DM patients ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a tea prepared from leaves of jambolan, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, has an antihyperglycaemic effect in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized clinical trial. The three experimental groups received ...