It has been proved that cilnidipine has N-type calcium channels inhibitory activity as well as L-type calcium channels and inhibits excessive release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve ending. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of amlodipine (an inhibitor of L-type calcium channels) and cilnidipine (an inhibitor of ...

Effective blood pressure (BP) control is difficult to achieve in diabetic patients. This study investigated factors that exacerbate resistance to antihypertensive medication in patients with diabetes. Hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 108, 67 ± 9 years) were subjected to a step-wise upward titration of medication (step 1, ...

Marine collagen peptides (MCPs) from deep sea fish are shown to ameliorate hyperlipidemia in animal models. The study aimed at examining the effects of MCPs on glucose and lipid metabolism in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and primary hypertension. One hundred patients with T2DM and primary hypertension ...

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension commonly coexist, but the nature of this link is not well understood. The authors tested whether diabetes and higher concentrations of fasting serum glucose and insulin are associated with increased risk of developing incident hypertension in the community-based Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. At baseline, 3,513 participants ...

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction are very common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of type 2 diabetes on LV geometry and diastolic function in hypertensive patients with CKD. We enrolled 288 Caucasian subjects with hypertension and CKD; ...

Chemerin is a recently discovered metabolic regulator hormone. The pathophysiologic role of this hormone in humans remains unknown. In this study, we have compared plasma chemerin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension and in control subjects. We also assessed the association of plasma chemerin ...

Anthropometric measurements and indexes that assess excess of adiposity are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, and predict diabetes mellitus. This cross-sectional study reported the performance of adiposity indexes to detect or turn diabetes unlikely in patients with hypertension. Patients with hypertension (blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive drug ...

Serum cystatin has been shown to be associated with hypertension in the general population. Little is known on the relationship of serum cystatin C with the long-term hypertension incidence in persons with diabetes. We examined the association of serum cystatin C with the incidence of hypertension over a 15-year period ...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are two widely spread diseases among the adults that are known to be risk factors for vascular disease. They are highly related such that comorbidity is common. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the comorbid effects of type 2 diabetes and ...

Salivary gland dysfunction is a feature in diabetes and hypertension. We hypothesized that sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) participates in salivary dysfunctions through a sympathetic- and protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated pathway. In Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), diabetic WKY (WKY-D), spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), and diabetic SHR (SHR-D) rats, PKA/SGLT1 proteins were analyzed in parotid ...

The assessment of the longitudinal component of left ventricular (LV) function is of major clinical importance for the early detection of LV contractile impairment. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of isolated type-2 diabetes, isolated hypertension, and co-existence of both on LV longitudinal systolic performance, with ...

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases represent important long-term complications after liver transplantation (LT), impairing long-term and disease-free survivals. A few mechanisms underlie the development of those complications, but the role of immunosuppressive drugs is major. Although several patients develop temporary metabolic diseases, which normalize after a short postoperative period and do ...

BACKGROUND: Impaired fasting or glucose tolerance and/or diabetes can occur with hypertension, which theoretically predicts a worse cardiovascular risk profile, and consequently requires intensive cardiovascular risk management. OBJECTIVES: To characterise the frequency of the occurrence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors among hypertensive subjects with impaired fasting blood glucose. METHODS: We ...

Body mass index (BMI) has been reported to be related to the risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) can better reflect the accumulation of intra-abdominal fat and might be a better predictor than BMI of the risk of type 2 diabetes and ...

The main goal of nursing care should be to increase health-related quality of life as well as improve the medical status of patients with chronic disease. For this reason, this study aims to evaluate and compare the health-related quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity in ...

BACKGROUND: Nephropathy is a severe complication of type 1 diabetes and develops in 30% of patients. Currently, it is not possible to identify young patients at risk prior to the development of microalbuminuria (MA) and/or hypertension (HT). OBJECTIVE: To study predictors of MA and/or HT in young normoalbuminuric (NA) patients ...

Type 2 diabetes is in essence a vascular disease and is frequently associated with hypertension, macrovascular events, and microvascular complications. Microvascular dysfunction, including impaired recruitment and capillary rarefaction, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Microvascular insulin resistance and renin-angiotensin system upregulation are present in diabetes, and each ...

Thiazide diuretics can impair glucose metabolism and increase new-onset diabetes. Adding an angiotensin receptor blocker to diuretics may protect against these metabolic effects; however, the mechanism of this protection is unclear. To explore potential mechanisms, a 16-week multicenter trial was conducted to ascertain the relative glucose metabolism effects of combined ...

Hypertension is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease and frequently occurs in conjunction with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Recent research into the underlying pathophysiologic processes common to these entities has uncovered the role of a heightened inflammatory state signified by a host of circulating biocytokines. Systemic and local ...

Impaired insulin action, frequently found in essential hypertension (HT), is modified by other factors, such as higher age, accumulation of body fat, dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose metabolism and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, antihypertensive and insulin-sensitizing medication itself may significantly affect cardiovascular and metabolic milieu. The aim of this study was to ...

Characteristics of glucose metabolism in subjects with white-coat hypertension (WCHT) have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between glucose metabolism and WCHT on the basis of blood pressure (BP) at home (HBP) in the general population. Participants were from Ohasama, a rural ...

The metabolic syndrome is likely to develop in patients in whom genetic predisposition, chronic stress, negative emotion, and unhealthy lifestyle habits converge. In light of the psychophysiologic aspect of most of these factors, biofeedback, relaxation, and other psychophysiologic interventions have been studied and used in patients with elements of the ...

Risk for hypertension and diabetes has not been conclusively found to be a result of cadmium exposure. A population-based study was conducted in 2009 to examine the correlations of urinary cadmium, a good biomarker of long-term cadmium exposure, with hypertension and diabetes in persons aged 35 years and older who ...

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord monitoring is associated with a significantly lower rate of neurologic deficits after deformity surgery, and has been shown to have predictive value in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar surgery. Lower extremity motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are particularly sensitive to anesthetics and physiologic change, and can be difficult to ...

The study evaluated free access to hypertension and diabetes medicines and the reasons reported for lack of access. The sample included 4,003 elderly people living in Primary Care Unit coverage areas from 41 Southern and Northeastern Brazilian cities. Free access was higher in the Northeast (62.4%). The strategy of the ...

INTRODUCTION: Stroke survivors should recognize and control vascular risk factors to prevent recurrent strokes. We therefore assessed the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among stroke survivors versus stroke-free control subjects. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analysis from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) ...

The mechanisms by which angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] exerts its beneficial effects on end-organ damage associated with diabetes and hypertension are not well understood. The purpose of this study was A) to compare the effects of apocynin with Ang-(1-7) on renal vascular dysfunction and NADPH oxidase activity in a combined model of ...

AIMS: The long-terms complications of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory treatment in idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) are unknown. We sought to determine the complications of these treatments in a large cohort of patients with biopsy-proven IIM. METHODS: A South Australian database for patients with biopsy-proven IIM was established. Clinical details of patients ...

The aim of this article is to briefly review available data regarding changes in the structure of microvessels observed in patients with diabetes mellitus, and possible correction by effective treatment. The development of structural changes in the systemic vasculature is the end result of established hypertension. In essential hypertension, small ...

Soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) and long pentraxin-3 (PTX3) concentrations have been associated with endothelial function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study tested the hypothesis that the improvement in endothelial function after initiation of angiotensin II receptor blocker (valsartan), calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) therapy, or ...

Chronic kidney disease, as defined by albuminuria or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), affects 11.6% of the adult population in the United States. CKD frequently occurs in association with diabetes and hypertension, suggesting that vascular disease is a likely cause in many people. We provide data on the frequency ...

We investigated whether maternal diabetes programs the offspring to develop hypertension and kidney injury in adulthood and examined potential underlying mechanisms. In a murine model we studied the offspring of three groups of dams (non-diabetic, diabetic, and diabetic treated with insulin). Mean systolic blood pressure in the offspring was monitored ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Glitazones are powerful insulin sensitisers prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Their use is, however, associated with fluid retention and an increased risk of congestive heart failure. We previously demonstrated that pioglitazone increases proximal sodium reabsorption in healthy volunteers. This study examines the effects of pioglitazone on ...

Hypertension and type 2 diabetes are both common chronic conditions that affect a major proportion of the general population. They tend to occur in the same individual, suggesting common predisposing factors, which can be genetic or environmental. Although the genes causing hypertension or diabetes await elucidation, the environmental causes of ...

OBJECTIVE: To explore Effects of marine collagen peptides (MCPs) on markers of metablic nuclear receptors, i.e peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARs), liver X receptor (LXRs) and farnesoid X receptor (FXRs) in type 2 diabetic patients with/without hypertension. METHOD Study population consisted of 200 type 2 diabetic patients with/without hypertension and 50 ...

To assess the independent and combined effects of diabetes and hypertension on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in a community-based cohort at high cardiovascular risk. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in 708 subjects from the Cardiac Abnormalities and Brain Lesions (CABL) study. Peak diastolic early (E) and late (A) transmitral flow, ...

A prespecified subgroup analysis of a 44-week open-label extension study is presented. The efficacy and safety of the combination of amlodipine (AML) + olmesartan medoxomil (OM), with and without the addition of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), were investigated in patients aged ≥65 and <65 years, Blacks and non-Blacks and patients with and ...

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a simple tool, using data collected in a rural Chinese general practice, to identify those at high risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and prediabetes (PDM). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A total of 2,261 rural Chinese participants without known diabetes were used to derive and ...

Overweight and obesity is a growing "world-wide epidemic problem". Because as many as, two-thirds of the adult population and a growing number of children are overweight. The prevalence of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes and hypertension have significantly increased with the prevalence of obesity. Obesity accompanying type 2 diabetes and ...

The INVEST (INternational VErapamil SR-Trandolapril) study, a very large international study of hypertensive patients, has shown that patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease do not benefit from tightening systolic blood pressure levels to below 130 mmHg, and this may in some cases be harmful.

The International Kidney Evaluation Association Japan evaluated chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Japan, using a Japanese version of the US National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). The screening criteria for the first 1065 participants were presence of diabetes or hypertension, or family history of diabetes, hypertension, or kidney ...

Hypertensive patients have an increased risk of developing diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests a close relation between metabolic disturbance and increased arterial stiffness. Here, we examined the association between pulse pressure and the risk of new-onset diabetes in high-risk Japanese hypertensive patients. The Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) trial ...

OBJECTIVE: In a previous study involving 18 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, we found that replacement of valsartan and candesartan by telmisartan significantly improved insulin sensitivity and significantly increased serum adiponectin levels in the patients. We investigated the effects of 3 angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs)-telmisartan, ...

The significance of home blood pressure (BP) measurement in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has not been well investigated. We aimed to test the hypotheses that home BP is more closely associated with target-organ damage than clinic BP, and that the presence of prediabetes/T2DM enhances the impact of home BP measurement. ...

Aldosterone production is associated with insulin resistance in obese and hypertensive subjects. However, its effect on insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects is not clear. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased aldosterone production is associated with lower insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. This is an ...

The publication of the scientific report of the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) in Germany on the 'Comparative evaluation of the benefits and harms of different antihypertensive drug classes [diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers and angiotensin II (AT-II) blockers] as first-choice therapy for ...

Hypertension and age are recognized as important risk factors for left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Some studies have shown that diabetes itself may also be an independent risk factor for LV diastolic dysfunction, although this is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with LV ...

Despite widespread dissemination of target values, achieving a blood pressure of <130/80 mmHg is challenging for many individuals with diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to examine temporal trends in blood pressure control in hypertensive individuals with diabetes as well as the potential for race, sex, and geographic ...

This study examined the relationships between SES and diabetes and hypertension for Korean adults using the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. To handle the four dummy dependent variables: Diabetes and Hypertension, Diabetes alone, Hypertension alone, and Diabetes or Hypertension, four different logistic models were conducted. The descriptive statistics ...

Dysfunction of macro- and microvessels is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardio-renovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Renal failure and impairment of renal function due to vasoconstriction of the glomerular arteriole in diabetic nephropathy leads to renal volume retention and increase in plasma ...