To determine patterns of hyperglycemic (HG) control in acute stroke. Anonymous survey through Internet questionnaire. Participants included Latin-American physicians specialized in neurocritical care. The response rate was 74%. HG definition varied widely. Fifty per cent considered it when values were >140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L). Intravenous (IV) regular insulin was the ...

Background and purpose:  Previous studies demonstrated that post-stroke hyperglycemia was associated with poor outcome in non-diabetic patients. However, evidence was inconclusive amongst patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between initial glucose levels and mortality amongst patients with acute ischaemic stroke, and further, to ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of polyethylene glycol recombinant human growth hormone on growth and glucose metabolism in hypophysectomized rats, and compare the effect of treatment between recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and polyethylene glycol rhGH (PEG-rhGH). METHODS: Hypophysectomy was performed in juvenile rats to build the animal model of ...

The combination of pegylated interferon-α2b (PEG-IFNα) and ribavirin (RBV) is a standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C. The case of a patient with chronic hepatitis C who developed Hashitoxicosis followed by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with PEG-IFNα plus RBV combination therapy, but not IFNα alone, is presented.

Abstract Background: Coinjection of hyaluronidase has been shown to accelerate insulin absorption in healthy volunteers and patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study was undertaken to compare the postprandial glycemic response of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) administered insulin lispro with and without recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) ...

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is an effective treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Tight glycaemic control immediately after RYGB for T2DM may improve long-term glycaemic outcomes, but is also associated with a higher risk of hypoglycaemia. We designed a treatment algorithm to achieve optimal glycaemic control ...

Abstract Background: The present study evaluated the efficacy of biphasic human insulin 30 (BHI 30) in type 2 diabetes patients who had failed in therapy with two or more oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs). Methods: This open-label, nonrandomized, 4-month, multicenter, clinical observational study was conducted in Shanghai, China. A total of ...

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin after 3 months' treatment in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and examined changes in clinical factors. Baseline HbA1c, PPG, BMI, and duration of diabetes may be predictors of HbA1c reduction when using sitagliptin in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

The effects of tesaglitazar on renal function (assessed as urinary clearance of (125)I-sodium iothalamate or estimated by the modification of diet in renal disease formula) were studied in a 24-week open-label trial in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients randomized to daily doses of either tesaglitazar 2 mg or pioglitazone 45 ...

BACKGROUND: Prandial premixed therapy 3 times daily has been proposed recently for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who fail to achieve glycemic control with commonly used premixed insulin analogs, insulin lispro mix 75/25 (LM75/25) and biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 (BIAsp70/30) BID. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to ...

BACKGROUND: Most patients with hypertension and diabetes require two or more antihypertensive agents to achieve the recommended blood pressure (BP) goal of <130/80 mm Hg. This prespecified subgroup analysis from the TRIple Therapy with Olmesartan Medoxomil, Amlodipine, and Hydrochlorothiazide in HyperteNsIve PatienTs StudY assessed the efficacy and safety of triple-combination ...

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors is a new class of antihyperglycemic agents that is now available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the relationship between the baseline serum level of soluble CD 26/DPP-4 and the response to treatment with sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, over 24 weeks in ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In type 2 diabetic patients, insulin detemir (B29Lys(ε-tetradecanoyl),desB30 human insulin) induces less weight gain than NPH insulin. Due to the proposed reduction of tubular action by insulin detemir, type 2 diabetic patients should have increased urinary sodium excretion, thereby reducing extracellular volume and body weight when changed from NPH ...

Aim:  We investigated the clinical and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic patients who were inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea (SU) before initiating insulin therapy to characterise patients who are likely to achieve target glycaemic control with insulin analogues. Methods:  A total of 120 Korean patients aged ≥ 40 years with insulin-naïve, poorly controlled, ...

Garlic has been used safely since ancient times as both food and medicine in human populations, but studies of its efficacy in the management of diabetes have yielded conflicting results. This study has evaluated the potential hypoglycemic effects of garlic in type 2 diabetic patients. The study was conducted in ...

Aim of the review To systematically analyze the efficacy and safety of liraglutide for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in comparison to other mono- and combination therapies. Method PubMed (any date) and EMBASE (all years) search was conducted with liraglutide as a search term. Phase III clinical trials retrieved by ...

Abstract Background: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a promising therapy. CSII therapy is flexible, but the required insulin dose for different people may vary. Few studies have investigated the insulin dose and characteristics of CSII for T2DM, and none has focused on an ...

Abstract Objective: To evaluate clinical and economic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who failed oral anti-diabetic drug (OAD) therapy and initiated either insulin glargine with disposable pen (GLA-P) or exenatide BID (EXE). Research design and methods: This retrospective study used data from a large US-managed care ...

Liraglutide, a once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-like peptide-1 enhances insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon in a glucose-dependent manner. The efficacy and safety of liraglutide were evaluated in 6 ...

OBJECTIVE We previously showed that exenatide (EXE) enhanced insulin secretion after 1 year of treatment, relative to insulin glargine (GLAR), with a similar glucose-lowering action. These effects were not sustained after a 4-week off-drug period. This article reports the results after additional 2 years of exposure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS ...

Molecular modification with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) is an effective approach to improve protein biostability, in vivo lifetime and therapeutic potency. In the present study, the recombinant human acid fibroblast growth factor (rhaFGF) was site-selectively PEGylated with 20 kDa mPEG-butyraldehyde. Mono-PEGylated rhaFGF was purified to near homogeneity by Sephadex G 25-gel filtration ...

To determine whether miglitol administration improves glycemic control and reduces the frequency of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients treated with intensive insulin therapy, we analyzed the effect of miglitol on daily insulin doses, body weight, hypoglycemia, and incretin hormone responses during meal tolerance tests (MTT). Eleven T1DM ...

AIM: To assess efficacy and safety of saxagliptin added to metformin versus placebo plus metformin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and inadequate glycemic control on metformin alone. METHODS: Adults (HbA(1c) 7.0-10.0%, on stable metformin ≥1500mg/day) were randomized 1:1 to saxagliptin 5mg daily plus metformin (n=283) or ...

AIMS: Although sulfonylurea added to metformin is the first oral drug combination regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes recommended by the American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus statement, it does not allow for individualizing and optimizing therapy with respect to sustaining glycemic control and the ...

Enhanced RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway plays anti-erectile role and is associated with reduced response to type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE5I) in diabetic animals. We tested whether adjunctive simvastatin to conventional insulin treatment would restore PDE5I-induced as well as basal erectile response in diabetic rat model of erectile dysfunction. Forty 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley ...

It has been proposed that the development of diabetic nephropathy is caused in large part by oxidative stress. We previously showed that continuous exposure of mice to low-dose-rate γ radiation enhances antioxidant activity. Here, we studied the ameliorative effect of continuous whole-body irradiation with low-dose-rate γ rays on diabetic nephropathy. ...

Quick-release bromocriptine (bromocriptine-QR) (Cycloset) was approved in 2009 for treatment of type 2 diabetes. The exact anti-diabetic mechanism of action of bromocriptine-QR has not been elucidated, but the drug may help resetting the circadian dopamine signal. Randomized placebo-controlled trials showed that the mean reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels by ...

AIMS: To determine whether lower postprandial glucose (PPG) levels after intake of a diabetes-specific formula (DSF) compared with a standard formula were maintained after 4 weeks use. METHODS: Randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study. Forty-four type 2 diabetes patients on oral anti-diabetes medication consumed 2×200mL/day of a DSF (Diasip(®)) or an ...

Objective. To determine whether the addition of liraglutide to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes leads to an improvement in glycemic control and diminished glycemic variability. Subjects and Methods. Fourteen patients with well controlled type1 diabetes on continuous glucose monitoring and intensive insulin therapy were treated with liraglutide for ...

After immigrating to the United States (US), obesity and diabetes have increased among the Hmong. Therefore, this study investigated how Hmong children perceive health and diabetes risk so that appropriate interventions may be planned. Hmong children (N = 335), ages 9-18 years participated in this study. A survey used Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) ...

It is uncertain what should be done with insulin dose if starting exenatide. In the ABCD nationwide exenatide audit, many patients with type 2 diabetes had worsened glycaemia when insulin was stopped. If starting exenatide, insulin should not be stopped but weaned off only if there is significant glycaemic response.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of 4 weeks of treatment with liraglutide on insulin dose and glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients with and without residual β-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten type 1 diabetic patients with residual β-cell function (C-peptide positive) and 19 without (C-peptide negative) were ...

We performed a study in 102 people with type 2 diabetes aiming to determine "easy-to-use" predictive factors for glycemic response to glitazones. We found that low baseline HDL-cholesterol (<40mg/L [1.04mmol/L] in males, <50mg/L [1.30mmol/L] in females) was a strong independent predictor of glycemic response to glitazones (OR=2.67 [2.02-3.52], p=0.0004).

Supercritical CO(2) (SC-CO(2)), a green solvent suitable for a mobile lignocellulosic biomass processor, was used to pretreat corn stover and switchgrass at various temperatures and pressures. The CO(2) pressure was released as quickly as possible by opening a quick release valve during the pretreatment. The biomass was hydrolyzed after pretreatment ...

Aim: Evaluate benefits of initiating insulin at an earlier vs later treatment stage, and to regimens with/without sulfonylurea (SU). Materials and methods: Pooled analysis of 11 prospective randomized clinical trials, including 2171 adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes initiating insulin glargine following a specific titration algorithm. Clinical outcomes were glycated ...

Sitagliptin and glipizide added to metformin provided similar degrees of glycemic efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control on metformin monotherapy at 1 year; however, significantly more patients in the sitagliptin group achieved an A1C reduction of >0.5% without hypoglycemia and without an increase in body ...

Diabetes greatly increases risk of cardiovascular dysfunction and interruptions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) have been shown to reduce the risk by alteration in extracellular matrix. We hypothesized that minocycline induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibition can be enhanced by aspirin (through its COX and tPA inhibitory action) ...

To investigate sensory nerve conduction of the caudal nerve in normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in twenty 8-weeks old Wistar male rats. Twenty normal rats served as controls. Caudal nerve conduction studies were made before diabetes induction and the end of each week for six consecutive weeks. The ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the basal insulin requirement in total daily insulin dose in Japanese type 1 diabetic patients, who use the insulin pump. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The basal insulin requirement in 35 type 1 diabetic patients without detectable C-peptide using the insulin pump (Paradigm 712) was investigated during 2-3 ...

Aim To assess the extent, safety, efficacy and tolerability of reported off-licence exenatide use through a nationwide audit. Methods ABCD hosted a password-protected, online collection of anonymised data of exenatide use in real clinical practice. 315 contributors from 126 centres across United Kingdom provided data on 6717 patients. HbA1c and ...

Background: Initial combination therapy with the fixed-dose combination (FDC) of sitagliptin and metformin is a potential approach to achieve more effective glycemic control vs. metformin monotherapy. Methods: This double-blind study (18-week Phase A and 26-week Phase B) randomized 1250 drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (mean baseline HbA(1c) 9.9%) to ...

BACKGROUND: Insulin degludec is a new basal insulin that forms soluble multihexamer assemblies after subcutaneous injection, resulting in an ultra-long action profile. This study aimed to assess efficacy and safety of insulin degludec injected once a day or three times a week compared with insulin glargine once a day in ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the modulation of metabolic dysfunctions, adiponectin levels, and cardiac dysfunctions of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by a combination of the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone and angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan in an experimental rat model. Fifty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally ...

PEGylation has been suggested to improve the stability of insulin, but evidence for that is scarce. Here, we compared the forced aggregation behavior of insulin and mono-PEGylated insulin. Therefore, recombinant human insulin was conjugated on lysine B29 with 5-kDa PEG. PEG-insulin was purified by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and characterized by ...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of glimepiride plus extended release metformin (MET) on glycemic control in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled on monotherapy with sulfonylurea or MET. This was a prospective, open-labeled, multicentric study over 12 weeks. Patients who were diagnosed with ...

Sitagliptin/metformin is a single-tablet, fixed-dose combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and the biguanide antihyperglycaemic metformin that achieves greater improvements in glycaemic control than either component alone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recommended dosages of sitagliptin plus metformin, either as the fixed-dose tablet or a combination of ...

colesevelam is indicated to lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in hyperlipidaemia and improve glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. This short-term pilot study evaluates its effects in type 1 diabetes. this double-blind, randomized, investigator-initiated, single-centred, 12-week pilot study evaluated 40 adults (age = 36.4 ± 9.4 years) ...

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of obesity alone and obesity associated with Type 2 diabetes on the structure, vascular reactivity and response to insulin of isolated human subcutaneous fat arterioles; these effects were correlated with the expression of insulin signalling proteins. Periumbilical subcutaneous adipose tissue ...

The beneficial effects of a low-glycaemic index (GI) meal on postprandial glucose and insulin levels have been demonstrated. However, limited data are available on the impact of overweight and glucose tolerance on postprandial responses to different GI meals. Our aim was to study the effects of physiological characteristics on postprandial ...

Aims: To investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of LY2189265 (LY), a novel, long-acting GLP-1 analog, administered once-weekly to subjects with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This was a placebo-controlled, parallel-group, subject- and investigator-blind study of LY in subjects (N=43) with type-2 diabetes mellitus controlled with diet and ...