Comment on: De Souza CP, et al. EMBO J 2011; 30:2648-61.

Proteins are co-translationally inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they undergo maturation. Homeostasis in the ER requires a highly sensitive and selective means of quality control. This occurs through ER-associated degradation (ERAD).This complex ubiquitin-proteasome–mediated process involves ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2) and ubiquitin ligases (E3),lumenal and cytosolic chaperones, and other ...

Die Wirkstoffe pflanzlicher Arznei- und Heilmittel sind pleiotrope Vielstoffgemische mit Multi-Target Eigenschaften einschlieβlich antiinflammatorischer Wirkungen. Eine pleiotrope Entzündungshemmung könnte bei tumorkranken Menschen als Versuch der Verhinderung bzw. Verzögerung der Metastasierung eine bedeutsame Rolle spielen. Zahlreiche experimentelle Daten für europäische wie auch auβereuropäische Pflanzen und verschiedene phytotherapeutische Kombinationen weisen auf eine ...

Pflanzliche Zubereitungen sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Komplementärmedizin und erfreuen sich aufgrund ihrer groβen therapeutischen Breite und geringen Nebenwirkungsrate bei Tumorpatienten einer groβen Beliebtheit. Beispielsweise wirken Extrakte aus Johanniskraut (Hypericum perforatum) antidepressiv, besitzen aber nicht die typischen Nebenwirkungen synthetischer Antidepressiva. Zubereitungen aus Pflanzen können demnach die Lebensqualität der Patienten verbessern ...

Hintergrund: Kunsttherapeutische Angebote werden mittlerweile in allen Bereichen der onkologischen Versorgung angewandt, um die Krankheitsverarbeitung durch kreative Techniken zu unterstützen. In vorangegangenen Arbeiten wurde die Wirkung der Kunsttherapie überwiegend anhand der Teilnehmereinschätzungen beschrieben. Diese Studie hat das Ziel, die Bedeutung einer kunsttherapeutischen Intervention für Krebspatienten aus der Sicht aller Beteiligten ...

The objective of this article is to review the dramatic changes that have occurred in the field of epilepsy surgery since the founding of Epilepsy Action in 1950. We have chosen to consider these advances from the biomedical perspective (the physician and basic scientist), and the behavioral perspective (the psychologist ...

User fees can contribute to the financial sustainability of marine protected areas (MPAs), yet they must be acceptable to users. We explore changes in the fee system and management of Bonaire National Marine Park (BNMP) from the perspective of users. Responses from 393 tourists indicated that 90% were satisfied with ...

Elite athletes will be confronted during as well as after their athletic career with transitional challenges that will impact the course and progress of their athletic development. This article provides in first instance a description of a lifespan model exemplifying a "whole career/whole person" conceptualization of career transitions in the ...

Evidence for developmental aspects of fear-targets and anxiety suggests a complex but stable pattern whereby specific kinds of fears emerge at different periods of development. This developmental schedule seems appropriate to dangers encountered repeatedly during human evolution. Also consistent with evolutionary perspective, the threat-detection systems are domain-specific, comprising different kinds ...

Despite the WHO recommendations that babies should be breastfed exclusively for six months and thereafter for up to two years and beyond this pattern of feeding is far from the global norm. Although breastfeeding is triggered through biological mechanisms which have not changed with time, the perception of breastfeeding as ...

Hemodynamic instability plays a major role in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation, tissue hypoxia, and multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis. Aggressive fluid replacement is one of the key interventions for the hemodynamic support in severe sepsis. In this scenario, the ability to restore the imbalance between tissue oxygen demand and ...

Chronic liver diseases are amongst the top leading causes of death in Europe as well as in other areas of the world. Chronic liver diseases are characterized by unrelenting progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis over a prolonged period of time, usually more than 20 years, which may eventually lead ...

Animals generally show various adaptation features that render them fit for survival in their specific environment or, turned the other way round, specific environments can only be inhabited by animals that have developed corresponding adaptations. While this seems obvious nowadays to every biologist, 50years ago this concept still needed to ...

The glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates (PTFAI) have within the last ten years been applied in the synthesis of a wide variety of the oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Especially, these donors are found advantageous in glycosidic coupling with 'arming' sugar donors, ketose donors, and with less nucleophilic acceptors. A comprehensive review of the PTFAI ...

What is the relation between human and nonhuman animals? As adults, we construe this relation flexibly, depending in part on the situation at hand. From a biological perspective, we acknowledge the status of humans as one species among many (as in Western science), but at the same time may adopt ...

This communication summarizes the important points made in each contribution. They show that there remain issues in the cheminformatic handling of tautomers and predicting the relative energies of various tautomers.

Causality plays a fundamental role in scientific explanation. This introduction describes 2 target articles and 3 commentaries on 2 influential perspectives on causal inference, one developed by Donald Campbell and the other developed by Donald Rubin. One goal of this special section is to introduce Rubin's causal model to psychologists ...

The history of the development of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory is reviewed from a personal perspective. This review is necessarily biased and limited by space because it attempts to cover a time span approaching five decades.

This review examines the role that trait-based and state-based affect plays in understanding the intersection of work and family life. We start with the definition of key terms and concepts. This is followed by a historical overview of the two bodies of scholarship that are the focus of this review, ...

From a scientific perspective, efforts to understand biology including what constitutes health and disease has become a chemical problem. However, chemists and biologists "see" the problems of understanding biology from different perspectives, and this has retarded progress in solving the problems especially as they relate to health and disease. This ...

Monophyly of Arthropoda is emphatically supported from both morphological and molecular perspectives. Recent work finds Onychophora rather than Tardigrada to be the closest relatives of arthropods. The status of tardigrades as panarthropods (rather than cycloneuralians) is contentious from the perspective of phylogenomic data. A grade of Cambrian taxa in the ...

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a respiratory disease caused by a zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) named SARS-CoV (SCoV), which rapidly swept the globe after its emergence in rural China during late 2002. The origins of SCoV have been mysterious and controversial, until the recent discovery of SARS-like CoV (SLCoV) in ...

The quest for a better understanding of how probiotics work has boosted an enormous interest in the molecular processes underlying host-microbe interactions. This review covers recent developments and perspectives in the study of probiotic mechanisms.

There are abundant theories in the scientific literature that propose a range of pathophysiological pathways for preeclampsia. In this review we discuss some of the contributions made to this field from the perspective of a placental developmental biology laboratory. We discuss an underlying immune component of preeclampsia associated with expression ...

Human aggression is viewed from four explanatory perspectives, derived from the ethological tradition. The first consists of its adaptive value, which can be seen throughout the animal kingdom, involving resource competition and protection of the self and offspring, which has been viewed from a cost-benefit perspective. The second concerns the ...

Biopharmaceuticals based on recombinant proteins have started to go off-patent, opening the way for other manufacturers to place follow-on products to the market. Meanwhile it has been recognized by all stakeholders that there are fundamental differences between conventional small-molecule based drugs and biopharmaceuticals. This has led to the adoption of ...

In this commentary, we provide a personal overview of the conceptual history of microbiology and molecular biology over the course of the last hundred years, emphasizing the relationship of these fields to the problem of evolution. We argue that despite their apparent success, all three reached an impasse that arose ...

From the current state-of-the-art, this paper looks at different perspectives offered in several ways by the outstanding properties of porous hybrid frameworks. These suggested orientations concern all the aspects of the field: syntheses, structures and the dedicated potential applications related to energy, energy savings, sustainable development and health.

Nano-objects and cellular components are of great interest in biological sciences. Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a tool that allows addressing of such features for structural investigations without the need of further labelling. After brief introduction to the basic aspects of the technique an overview of present application of TERS ...

The noble gas xenon exerts favorable anesthetic properties along with remarkable hemodynamic stability in healthy patients undergoing elective surgery. Recent investigations documented that it does not prolong the duration of widely used neuromuscular blocking agents, including mivacurium and rocuronium. Some studies also suggest reduced neurocognitive compromise in the very early ...

The author conducted a review of studies that compared the efficacy, tolerability and indication for the use of clozapine in current perspectives for the treatment of resistant schizophrenia/ partial responders.

This paper provides a holistic and diachronic perspective on fishery development within an Indonesian village community. I present the process of fishery development locally, the regulations relative to different activities as well as the local cultural framework about the marine environment. Based on these elements, I analyse the local perspective ...

Medical Immunology will be publishing invited Reviews and Commentaries from investigators who are at the forefront of their fields, to up-date our readers as to the current state of their art. These Reviews and Commentaries will be accompanied by Editorials that place the current work into the perspective of the ...

This paper addresses the issue of sustainable land use from two perspectives. First, asubstantive and methodological discussion of sustainable development and relatedenvironmental security in the context of land use planning is offered. Second, an empirical case study on various land use options of the Po Delta areain Italy is dealt ...

In the perspective of the general review of the ‘archaeorthopterid’ insects (including Orthoptera and the extinct orders Caloneurodea and Titanoptera), a redescription of Protophasma dumasii Brongniart 1879, type species of the Protophasmatidae Brongniart 1885, is provided. The forewing morphology allows the assignment of this taxon to the Archaeorthoptera, but the ...

The biogenesis of small molecular nonprotein poisons has long been a mystery in the world of biotoxicology. The phylogenetic distribution, molecular structure, evidence of biogenesis, and possible mechanisms involving some of these poisons, such as saxitoxin, tetrodotoxin, ciguatoxin, palytoxin, maitotoxin, and brevitoxin, are briefly discussed.

This article (a) reviews changing perspectives about the roles and functions of the rehabilitation counselor and (b) summarizes the reflections of a graduate student in rehabilitation counseling regarding how these perspectives have influenced her emerging professional identity. A review of the literature indicates many different thoughts as to where the ...

静岡大学博士論文; 報告番号:甲第227号; 学位の種類:博士(理学)

A retrospective, descriptive study of 294 suicide attempters evaluated by a general hospital's psychiatric service was completed by chart review. The 1980 sample differed from prior studies of this setting. Seventy-one percent of attempters had a prior psychiatric history, 31 percent were psychotic, and 25 percent had a diagnosis of ...

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.

Thesis (M.S)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003.

Many attempts to isolate a dysfunctional site in the brain of schizophrenic patients have converged in a neuropathological conception of the disease based on frontal lobe hypoactivity. Recent data from studies using cytoarchitectony, computerized tomographic scans, cerebral regional blood flow, smooth pursuit eye movements and neuropsychological assessments are discussed. Current ...