Fluorescence is increasingly used for in vivo imaging and has provided remarkable results. Yet this technique presents several limitations, especially due to tissue autofluorescence under external illumination and weak tissue penetration of low wavelength excitation light. We have developed an alternative optical imaging technique by using persistent luminescent nanoparticles suitable ...

Host-pathogen interactions are highly regulated, dynamic processes that take place at the molecular, cellular and organ level. Innovative imaging technologies have emerged recently to investigate the underlying mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions. Innovations in fluorescence microscopy enable functional studies on the single-cell level. New light microscopes have been developed that improve ...

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively determine if tortuosity assessment by a computer program (ROPtool) that traces retinal blood vessels and measures their tortuosity was more accurate than that of individual pediatric ophthalmologists. METHODS: One hundred eighty-five high-quality RetCam images from premature infants were circulated to 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) experts and ...

Our purpose is to evaluate intramucosal gastric pH video imaging by 2('),7(')-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) fluorescence ratio techniques. We use a video endoscopic imaging system and BCECF as the pH fluorescent probe. Systemic in vivo pH variations are studied in 10 pigs: five in the control group and five with respiratory acidosis ...

OBJECTIVE: It has been established that fluorescence-guided resection using 5-aminolevulinic acid is useful in glioma surgery. In this study, we describe three cases in which even perinecrotic tissue could be recognized as fluorescence positive. METHODS: Three cases of central nervous system disease, showing gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging scans, ...

Imaging the microcirculation is becoming increasingly important in assessing life-threatening disease states. To address this issue in a highly light absorbing and light scattering tissue, we use laser scanning multiphoton microscopy and fluorescent 655-nm 5000-MW methoxy-PEGylated quantum dots to image the functional microcirculation deep in mouse hind limb skeletal muscle. ...

Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) has been shown to be a highly sensitive tool for the detection of early endobronchial cancers. When excited with blue-violet light, early neoplasia in the bronchi tend to show a decrease of autofluorescence in the green region of the spectrum and a relatively smaller decrease in the ...

Considering the importance of optical coherence tomography in clinical decision making, the veracity of these images is critical. The authors describe a 5-year-old girl with Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy of different stages of development in both eyes in which the optical coherence tomography appearance correlated well with both the staves ...

PURPOSE: Susac syndrome is a rare microangiopathy of the brain, retina, and cochlea that mainly affects young women. We studied the management of this disease using retinal fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies. METHODS: Retrospective, observational case series of seven patients with Susac syndrome identified in ophthalmology and internal medicine departments. ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) conjugated to antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody (cetuximab) to image head and neck cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Mice (n = 3) were injected with unconjugated ICG and imaged at 100-second intervals for a total of 1000 ...

PURPOSE: Grading diabetic retinopathy in clinical trials is frequently based on 7-field stereo photography of the fundus in diagnostic mydriasis. In terms of image quality, the FF450(plus) camera (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) defines a high-quality reference. The aim of the study was to investigate if the fully digital ...

The New Horizons spacecraft observed Jupiter's icy satellites Europa and Ganymede during its flyby in February and March 2007 at visible and infrared wavelengths. Infrared spectral images map H2O ice absorption and hydrated contaminants, bolstering the case for an exogenous source of Europa's "non-ice" surface material and filling large gaps ...

Oligonucleotide-bound silver particles were coupled through hybridization with target complementary oligonucleotides. YOYO molecules were intercalated into DNA duplexes bound between the coupled metal particles. Fluorescence images of YOYO molecules were monitored by scanning confocal microscopy. Relative to the free single YOYO, the emission brightness of the image was enhanced 80-fold ...

Using current clinical diagnostic techniques, it is difficult to visualize tumor morphology and architecture at the cellular level, which is necessary for diagnostic localization of pathologic lesions. Optical imaging techniques have the potential to address this clinical need by providing real-time, sub-cellular resolution images. This paper describes the use of ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a depth resolved imaging modality that may aid in identifying sun damaged skin and the precancerous condition actinic keratosis (AK). OCT images were acquired of 112 patients at 2 sun protected and 2 sun exposed sites, with a subsequent biopsy. Each site received a dermatological ...

We have recently described a novel way of imaging apoptosing retinal ganglion cells in vivo in the rat. This study investigated if this technique could be used in the mouse, and whether the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph II (HRAII) was appropriate. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death was induced by intravitreal injections ...

Imaging technologies are well suited to study neuronal dendrites, which are key elements for synaptic integration in the CNS. Dendrites are, however, frequently oriented perpendicular to tissue surfaces, impeding in vivo imaging approaches. Here we introduce novel laser-scanning modes for two-photon microscopy that enable in vivo imaging of spatiotemporal activity ...

To test if improving optical coherence tomography (OCT) resolution and scanning speed improves the visualization of glaucomatous structural changes as compared with conventional OCT. Prospective observational case series. Healthy and glaucomatous subjects in various stages of disease. Subjects were scanned at a single visit with commercially available OCT (StratusOCT) and ...

We report a 6-month-old boy who presented with unilateral leukocoria, retinal detachment, and a retrolental mass in a microphthalmic eye based on retinal dysplasia with concurrent optic nerve aplasia. Dysplastic retinal tissue, a rare congenital defect, may create a clinical and radiologic picture of an intraocular mass closely resembling tumor ...

PURPOSE: To identify the investigator effect in the analysis results of Heidelberg retinal flowmetry (HRF) images when pixel-by-pixel analysis is performed. METHODS: Thirty-two of 732 HRF images were randomly selected from a population-based study. Pixel-by-pixel analysis was performed by two trained masked graders in the following way: a square window ...

As small-animal fluorescence imaging becomes increasingly accessible to a broad spectrum of users, many lab animal researchers are just beginning to be exposed to its challenges. One setback to fluorescence imaging is background autofluorescence generated in animal tissue and in ingested food. The authors bring this issue into focus, and ...

This unit describes the use of quantum dots (QDs) for live-cell imaging and the use of QDs in flow cytometry for quantitative analysis of ligand binding constants and receptor density. Conventional fluorophores and visible fluorescent protein (VFP) constructs have allowed visualization of many cellular processes. However, organic and biomolecular fluorophores ...

To study the anatomic details of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using high-resolution Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (Fd-OCT) and its three-dimensional reconstructions. A Fd-OCT instrument was used to image five patients clinically diagnosed with RAP. A series of 100 raster-scanned B-scans centered over the ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a micron scale high-resolution optical technology that can provide real-time in vivo images noninvasively. The ability to detect airway mucosal and submucosal injury rapidly will be valuable for a range of pulmonary applications including assessment of acute inhalation smoke and burn injury. OCT has the ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe retinal changes in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR). METHODS: We investigated retinal function and morphologic changes in 5 patients (mean age, 33.6 years) with AZOOR and acute visual field loss in 1 or more zones using Stratus optical coherence tomography, multifocal electroretinograms, full-field electroretinograms, and Goldmann ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for assessment of the culprit lesion morphology in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in comparison with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and coronary angioscopy (CAS). BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography is a new intravascular imaging method with ...

OCT functions as a type of optical biopsy, providing information on retinal pathology in situ and in real time, with resolutions approaching that of excisional biopsy and histopathology. The development of ultrabroad-bandwidth and tunable light sources, as well as high-speed Fourier detection techniques, has enabled a significant improvement in ophthalmic ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The management of dysplasia-associated lesional mass (DALM) and adenoma-like mass (ALM) in chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) differs radically, involving total pan-proctocolectomy vs endoscopic resection and surveillance. Such lesions cannot be reliably differentiated using conventional colonoscopy. Confocal laser scanning imaging enables in vivo surface and subsurface cellular resolution ...

BACKGROUND: Digital imaging methods are a centrepiece for diagnosis and management of macular disease. A recently developed imaging device is composed of simultaneous confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). By means of clinical samples the benefit of this technique concerning diagnostic and therapeutic follow-up will be ...

In recent years, the non-linear optical imaging technique of multiphoton microscopy has gained significant popularity in biomedical imaging. Since optical imaging can provide detailed morphological information of biological structures, multiphoton microscopy holds great promise as a potential clinical diagnostic tool of dermatological conditions. In this review, we will begin by ...

Fragments of wall paintings from Istria, coming from the Basilica of Guran near Vodnjan, from the cemeterial Church of Saint Simeon in Guran and from the Benedictine monastery of Santa Maria Alta near Bale were studied. The analytical instrumental techniques used were Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with an ...

Inorganic nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes, quantum dots and gold nanoshells, have been adopted for biomedical use, due to their unique optical and physical properties. Compared to conventional materials, inorganic nanomaterials have several advantages such as simple preparative processes and precise control over their shape, composition and size. In addition, ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the reproducibility of anterior chamber (AC) angle measurements obtained using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS: Patients with suspected glaucoma and those with glaucoma, ocular hypertension, or anatomically narrow angles were recruited from the glaucoma service at the National University Hospital, Singapore. All subjects underwent imaging ...

Especially after corneal surgery the lateral magnification of the eye providing the retinal image size of an object is a crucial factor influencing visual acuity and binocularity. The purpose of this study is to describe a paraxial computing scheme calculating lateral magnification changes (ratio of the image sizes before and ...

BACKGROUND: Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been used for over 10 years for in vivo skin imaging. However, to date no standard RCM terminology has been published. OBJECTIVE: To establish a glossary of terms for RCM evaluation of melanocytic lesions. METHODS: Prominent RCM researchers were presented with RCM images of ...

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic properties of a nonmydriatic 200 degrees ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) versus onsite mydriatic ophthalmologic examination for diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: A consecutive series of 51 eyes of 51 patients with different levels of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was examined. Grading of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema ...

Numerous types of wavefront correctors have been employed in adaptive optics (AO) systems for correcting the ocular wavefront aberration. While all have improved image quality, none have yielded diffraction-limited imaging for large pupils (>/=6 mm), where the aberrations are most severe and the benefit of AO the greatest. To this ...

We present a patient with residual Descemet's membrane diagnosed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) after Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK). Postoperatively, persistent partial corneal edema and interface fluid without dislocation of the donor button were observed. No improvement of interface fluid was found during the follow-up period. A ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Corneal measurement uses Placido-disc topographers and tomographers, creating three-dimensional corneal models from cross-sectional images. Technology includes slit scanning, Scheimpflug imaging, very high frequency ultrasound, and high-speed anterior segment optical coherence tomography. RECENT FINDINGS: Normative data in the Asian population using the Orbscan, and repeatability information for the ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Multiphoton microscopy/tomography has been used as a novel diagnostic method for corneal imaging with subcellular resolution. Here, we used this technique to monitor femtosecond laser intratissue surgery effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiphoton microscopy/tomography on rabbits based on intense 90 MHz femtosecond Ti: sapphire laser was realized at ...

PURPOSE: To determine if integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/photoreceptor complex as assessed by autofluorescence imaging can be predicted on the basis of visual acuity (VA), size, or fluorescein angiographic characteristics of the lesion in the early stage of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN: Prospective, observational, ...

Multiple complications have been reported with spinal intervertebral transforaminal injection procedures, despite the use of fluoroscopic needle-positioning measures. We explored an imaging technology (optical coherence tomography, or OCT) for its possible use in spine interventional procedures as a means of providing needle tip vision at the neuroforamen. Optical coherence tomography ...

The arteriolar myogenic response is crucial for the setting of vascular resistance and for providing a level of tone upon which vasodilators can act. Despite its physiological importance, questions remain regarding the underlying signaling mechanisms of the arteriolar myogenic response. Does an increase in pressure within an arteriole exert its ...

Despite all the advances in nonlinear microscopy, all existing instruments are constrained to obtain images of one focal plane at a time. In this Letter we demonstrate a two-photon absorption fluorescence scanning microscope capable of imaging two focal planes simultaneously. This is accomplished by temporally demultiplexing the signal coming from ...

Near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging has the unique opportunity of differentiating diseased lesions from normal lesions based upon environmentally indicated changes in the lifetime of a fluorescent imaging agent. In this paper, we demonstrate three-dimensional lifetime tomography using the gradient-based penalty modified barrier function with simple bounds truncated Newton with trust ...

AIMS: To examine the effect of pupillary dilatation on the reliability of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and optic nerve head (ONH) assessments using Stratus OCT in a glaucoma clinic. METHODS: Observational study of 38 patients attending a glaucoma clinic. The "fast optic disc" and "fast RNFL thickness" programs on ...

PURPOSE: To report the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in a case of Purtscher's retinopathy. METHODS: Enhanced optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, multifocal electroretinography. RESULTS: A 27-years-old female parachutist demonstrated outer retinal opacification with small intraretinal hemorrhages and corresponding binocular pericentric ring scotomata one day after suffering an unusually abrupt ...

Diabetes and systemic hypertension are among the most prevalent diseases in developed countries. Since both can produce retinal involvement, they often cause long waiting lists for ophthalmologist consultation. The inspection of digital eye fundus images by a general practitioner would help to divert only those cases with retinal involvement. To ...

We present a report on a patient with acute glaucoma. Slit-lamp-adapted optical coherence tomography (SL-OCT) confirmed a pupillary block due to a claw lens. After laser iridectomy the situation stabilized. Thus, SL-OCT allows non-invasive, high-resolution imaging in acute angle-closure glaucoma and may be helpful with the differential diagnosis of pupillary ...

We have developed a millimeter and submillimeter Michelson-type bolometric interferometer based on a Martin-Puplett-type Fourier-transform spectrometer named multi-Fourier-transform interferometer (MuFT). We have succeeded in proving that the MuFT is capable of performing broadband imaging observations as theoretically proposed by our previous paper (OHM) [Appl. Opt. 45, 2576 (2006)]. We succeeded ...