PURPOSE: A novel angiographic technique providing topographic imaging of chorioretinal fluorescence is applied to the characterization of leakage dynamics in exudative chorioretinopathy. The three-dimensional imaging is evaluated with respect to results with conventional two-dimensional fluorescence angiography. DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty eyes of 30 patients with different exudative ...

Table 2 provides a summary of selected in vivo fluorescence and Raman studies performed in BE. Although the findings from these studies appear promising, these techniques are still under development, and it is anticipated that technological refinements will further enhance their diagnostic accuracy. Ultimately, however, large-scale prospective clinical trials are ...

We have studied the spatially resolved polarization properties of the in vitro intact old human crystalline lens (from 56 to 88 years old) by using Mueller-matrix imaging polarimetry. Analysis was performed within an average of 54 h of death. Results show that the overall retardation is small (7 degrees on ...

A setup for reflection visible light imaging microspectroscopy (VIS-imaging) as well as its evaluation and application is described and tested. The spatial resolution of the system is approximately 1 microm at a spectral resolution of 4 nm. The optical contrast between different colored particles in the surface of a sample ...

The forward scattering of sunlight by atmospheric aerosols causes a bright glow to appear around the Sun. This phenomenon, the simplest manifestation of the solar corona, is called the solar aureole. Simple methods can be used to photograph the solar aureole with conventional and digital cameras. Aureole images permit both ...

OBJECTIVE: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new imaging technique that uses light to image dental structures interferometrically. OCT creates cross-sectional images that have potential diagnostic value for dental applications. When used in epidemiological studies, OCT offers a safe, non-invasive technique to discriminate occlusal sealants and composite restorations. This paper ...

We recently published a method for estimating cyanobacteria biomass in delta microbial mats from the Ebro river using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The present paper uses this method for identifying different groups of cyanobacteria and for determining their biomass dynamics. Microcoleus chthonoplastes and the Lyngbya-Oscillatoria were the most important ...

The Retinal Thickness Analyzer is a laser slit biomicroscopy imaging device that produces accurate measurements of retinal thickness and displays the images in a two-dimensional pattern, superimposed on a fundus image. This article reports a patient with decreased vision following branch retinal vein occlusion in whom the Retinal Thickness Analyzer ...

The changes in the autofluorescence characteristics of the bronchial tissue is of crucial interest as a cancer diagnostic tool. Evidence exists that this native fluorescence or autofluorescence of bronchial tissues changes when they turn dysplastic and to carcinoma in situ. There is good agreement that the lesions display a decrease ...

Many retinal diseases are characterised by changes to retinal vessels. For example, a common condition associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is so-called plus disease, characterised by increased vascular dilation and tortuosity. This paper presents a general technique for segmenting out vascular structures in retinal images, and characterising the segmented ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between retinal artery disease and cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD). METHODS: In a prospective cohort of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, the authors performed retinal photographs and brain MRI. Two ophthalmologists, not aware of the MR results, independently assessed retinal arterial narrowing, crossings, sclerosis, and tortuosity ...

Optical resonators are usually examined wave optically. We consider geometrical imaging in stable canonical resonators. We show that, with important exceptions related to eigenmode degeneracy, stable resonators generally image all transverse planes into each other. This insight leads to an intuitive understanding of important properties of the corresponding eigenmodes, most ...

New diagnostic tools are needed for the characterization of dental caries in the early stages of development. If carious lesions are detected early enough, they can be arrested without the need for surgical intervention. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) can ...

Optical scatter imaging (OSI), a technique we developed recently, was used to measure the ratio of wide-to-narrow angle scatter (OSIR) within endothelial cells subjected to calcium overload (1.6 mM) after permeabilization by ionomycin. Within a few minutes of calcium overload, the mitochondria, which started as elongated organelles, rounded up into ...

PURPOSE: To characterize the early reaction of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a rat model of glaucoma using in vivo imaging and to examine the involvement of retinal microglia in glaucomatous neuropathy. METHODS: Glaucoma was induced in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats by cauterizing two episcleral veins, which resulted in a ...

The aim of the study was to find the optimal illumination and camera angulations for interproximal use of quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). A multiaxis optical bench was developed and interproximal tooth assemblies were investigated using a modified version of QLF. Extracted human premolars without caries (n = 8) and with ...

Multiphoton microscopy relies on nonlinear light-matter interactions to provide contrast and optical sectioning capability for high-resolution imaging. Most multiphoton microscopy studies in biological systems have relied on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) to produce images. With increasing applications of multiphoton microscopy to thick-tissue "intravital" imaging, second-harmonic generation (SHG) from structural proteins ...

Purpose Imaging vitreous is a quest to view what is, by design, invisible. This treatise will review significant historical aspects, past and present imaging methodologies, and imaging techniques that are currently in development for future research and clinical applications. Methods Classic and modern histologic techniques, dark-field slit microscopy, clinical slit ...

PURPOSE: To report a patient in whom clear imaging of the retina, impossible with conventional methods, was obtained using indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 31-year-old patient with nephropathic cystinosis and complaints of decreased vision in the left eye underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation, including conventional ...

Phase separation of glycolipids in lipid mono- and bilayers is of great interest for the understanding of membrane function. The distribution of the ganglioside GM1 in sphingomyelin (SM)/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), SM/1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and SM/cholesterol/POPC Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayers transferred at 36 mN/m has been studied by scanning force microscopy. Besides ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of optical coherence tomography for the analysis of anterior segment after glaucoma surgery. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: In a 79-year-old man with primary open-angle glaucoma, optical coherence tomography was performed on the left eye after nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy. RESULTS: Optical coherence tomography showed thinning ...

Recent innovations in macular imaging and surgery have provided important new information concerning the pathogenesis and treatment of idiopathic macular hole. New imaging data suggest that localized perifoveal vitreous detachment (an early stage of age-related posterior vitreous detachment) is the primary pathogenic event in idiopathic macular hole formation. Detachment of ...

A number of quantitative three-dimensional tomographic near-infrared fluorescence imaging techniques have recently been developed and combined with MR imaging to yield highly detailed anatomic and molecular information in living organisms (1, 2). Here we describe magnetic nanoparticle based MR contrast agents that have a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) that is activated ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Skin relief is a matter of interest for dermatologists and surgeons. One of the methods available for surface topography measurement is based on 3D profilometry using skin surface replicas. and most studies use statistical results obtained from a large number of skin replica samples. The advent of optical profilometers ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors performed this study to determine whether images of ex vivo tissue obtained with a near real-time confocal microscope can be used to differentiate between normal and dysplastic tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsy specimens of colposcopically normal and abnormal cervical tissue were obtained from 19 patients ...

A newly developed Si self-sensing piezoresistive cantilever is presented. Si piezoresistive cantilevers for scanning microscopy are fabricated by Si micro-machining technique. The sensitivity of the piezoresistive cantilever is comparable to the current laser detecting system. Topographic images are successfully obtained with the piezoresistive cantilever and some comparisons are made with ...

Multiphoton excitation was originally projected to improve live cell fluorescence imaging by minimizing photobleaching effects outside the focal plane, yet reports suggest that photobleaching within the focal plane is actually worse than with one photon excitation. We confirm that when imaging enhanced green fluorescent protein, photobleaching is indeed more acute ...

A phase zero evaluation of a new fluorescence imaging technique for diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was performed. The fluorescence imaging prototype performed quantitative imaging of Protoporphyrin induced by a topically applied aminolevulinic acid using double ratio (DR) fluorescence imaging technique developed by our group. A total of 38 patients ...

A method for performing miniature endoscopy with a high number of resolvable points is presented. This approach, spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE), uses a broad-bandwidth light source and a diffraction grating to simultaneously detected the reflectivity at multiple points along a transverse line within the sample. As opposed to images from ...

We present a digital spectral shaping technique to reduce the sidelobes (ringing) of the axial point-spread function in optical coherence tomography for non-Gaussian-shaped source spectra. The spectra of two superluminescent diodes were combined to generate a spectrum with significant modulation. Images of onion cells demonstrate the improved image quality in ...

We study the behavior of the point-spread function (PSF) of the confocal scanning optical microscope (CSOM) when the available optical energy density from the sample plane is low (<7.5 microJoule/micrometers2). The PSF profile is analyzed under three photon-limited imaging conditions: (1) reflection-type CSOM with a weak source and a perfectly ...

We predict the capacity of near-infrared fluorescent signals to propagate through human tissue for non-invasive medical imaging. This analysis employs experimental measurements of a biologically relevant local fluorochrome embedded in tissuelike media and predicts the equivalent photon counts expected from breast, lung, brain, and muscle as a function of diameter ...

The azimuth of a stimulus relative to the head can be determined from an extra-retinal, eye-position signal plus an estimate of the retinal eccentricity of the image. Alternatively, azimuth could be determined from retinal-image information alone. Specifically, stimulus azimuth could be estimated from two derivatives of vertical disparity: vertical size ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Proteases play key roles in the pathogenesis of tumor growth and invasion. This study assesses the expression of cathepsin B in dysplastic adenomatous polyps. METHODS: Aged Apc(Min/+) mice served as an experimental model for familial adenomatous polyposis. The 4 experimental groups consisted of (a) animals injected with ...

To address how the highly stereotyped retinotectal pathway develops in zebrafish, we used fixed-tissue and time-lapse imaging to analyze morphology and behavior of wild-type and mutant retinal growth cones. Wild-type growth cones increase in complexity and pause at the midline. Intriguingly, they make occasional ipsilateral projections and other pathfinding errors, ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the optical properties of the cornea 1 year after either radial keratotomy (RK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in a randomized group of patients with low myopia. METHODS: Ninety-six patients with myopia between -0.75 and -5.00 D were randomized to either radial keratotomy (n = 46) or photorefractive ...

Spermatogenesis consists of spermatogonial proliferation, meiosis and spermatid differentiation. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) may be used as an advanced analytical tool to follow spermatogenesis inside the seminiferous tubules without performing histological sections. For this purpose, separated seminiferous tubules are fixed in 0.5% paraformaldehyde, stained for DNA with propidium iodide ...

We describe a technique suitable for routine three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of mouse embryos that is based on episcopic fluorescence images captured during serial sectioning of wax-embedded specimens. We have used this procedure to describe the cardiac phenotype and associated blood vessels of trisomic 16 (Ts16) and Cited2-null mutant mice, as ...

A method for quantitative assessment of dental caries using optical coherence tomography (OCT) was demonstrated. Development of caries lesions in 15 bovine teeth, by demineralization in acidic buffer solution, was quantitatively assessed daily for 3 days, using OCT. An OCT system which can collect A-scans (depth versus reflectivity curve), B-scans ...

This paper describes the development of a technique amenable to the separation of proteins on a microchip by isoelectric focusing (IEF) with entire channel scanning laser-induced fluorescence detection using acousto-optical deflection (AOD). The ability to use AOD to scan the portions of or the entire length of an IEF separation ...

Precise removal of nonmelanoma cancers with minimum damage to the surrounding normal skin is guided by the histopathologic examination of each excision during Mohs micrographic surgery. The preparation of frozen histopathology sections typically requires 20-45 min per excision. Real-time confocal reflectance microscopy offers an imaging method potentially to avoid frozen ...

PURPOSE: 5-Aminolevulinic acid induced fluorescence endoscopy has outstanding sensitivity for detecting early stage bladder cancer. Nevertheless, a third of the lesions that show specific fluorescence are histologically benign. We decreased the false-positive rate of 5-aminolevulinic acid induced fluorescence endoscopy by incorporating protoporphyrin IX fluorescence quantification into the standard cystoscopy procedure. ...

PURPOSE: To report the clinical and confocal microscopic characteristics of reticular folds (mudcracks) in a cornea after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: A 30-year-old male showed reticular flap folds on slit-lamp examination 1 week after LASIK. In addition to slit-lamp biomicroscopy, confocal in vivo microscopy was performed. RESULTS: Examination ...

OBJECTIVE: Surveillance of Barrett's esophagus is problematic, as high-grade dysplasia cannot be recognized endoscopically. Endoscopic ultrasound lacks the resolution to detect high-grade dysplasia. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) employs infrared light reflectance to provide in vivo tissue images at resolution far superior to endoscopic ultrasound, nearly at the level of histology. ...

Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) represents a novel imaging technique for in vivo microscopic analysis of skin lesions at a level of resolution that allows morphologic analysis of microanatomic structures. We investigated the feasibility of recognizing the cellular constituents of pigmented skin lesions, such as pigmented keratinocytes, melanocytes, and melanophages, ...

Virtually all imaging devices introduce some amount of geometric lens distortion. A technique is presented for blindly removing these distortions in the absence of any calibration information or explicit knowledge of the imaging device. The basic approach exploits the fact that lens distortion introduces specific higher-order correlations in the frequency ...

The goal of our study was to find the relationship between fertility of bulls qualified for AI and the percentage of spermatozoa with abnormal chromatin structure as an independent parameter. We used the frozen semen of 8 mature bulls from one AI center. Each bull was represented by 3 ejaculates ...

A novel method to measure directly the photofragment alignment from Abel-invertible two-dimensional ion images, as a function of photofragment recoil velocity, is demonstrated for S(1D2) atoms from the photodissociation of carbonyl sulfide at 223 nm. The results are analyzed in terms of coherent and incoherent contributions from two dissociative states, ...

BACKGROUND: Traditional diagnostic testing for dermatophyte infection currently requires skin scraping for light microscopy and/or fungal culture or skin biopsy. Immunofluorescent microscopy can also be used with calcofluor stain. All of these tests can be time-consuming to perform, require a waiting period for results, and are invasive. We investigated the ...

BACKGROUND: Both optical coherence tomography (OCT) and catheter probe EUS (CPEUS) are candidates for high-resolution imaging of the GI wall, but their potential roles in this clinical context have not been investigated. METHODS: OCT and CPEUS were used to image normal-appearing portions of the GI tract at the same sites. ...