BACKGROUND: Successful anal fistula care in complex cases can be assisted by specialized imaging which accurately defines the site of the internal fistula opening and the fistula type. There are currently limited data concerning the clinical indications for and accuracy of transperineal ultrasound (TP-US) in acute perianal sepsis. The aims ...

After stroke, penumbral salvage determines clinical recovery. However, the rescued penumbra may be affected by selective neuronal loss, as documented both histopathologically in animals and using the validated in vivo positron emission tomography marker (11)C-flumazenil in humans. However, whether the non-infarcted penumbra is capable of neuronal activation, and how selective ...

PURPOSE: The cartilaginous endplate (CEP) is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage positioned between the vertebral endplate and nucleus pulposus (NP) that functions both as a mechanical barrier and as a gateway for nutrient transport into the disc. Despite its critical role in disc nutrition and degeneration, the morphology of ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with just one gradient echo sequence using the body coil is diagnostically sufficient compared with a standard, low-dose non-contrast-enhanced PET/computed tomography (CT) concerning overall diagnostic accuracy, lesion detectability, size and conspicuity evaluation. METHODS ...

Animal disease models are pivotal to investigate the pathogenesis of emphysema and develop novel drugs, but the modalities used to evaluate murine emphysema models have limited validity and sensitivity. In this study, we evaluated hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed tomography (CT) compared to traditional methods, such as ...

Double-chambered ventricle is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality, most commonly affecting the right ventricle. Here, we report a case of an incidental diagnosis of this condition affecting the left ventricle (LV), which is found much less frequently, and the use of contrast echocardiography in its evaluation. The addition of computed ...

Purpose: We evaluated the prevalence and imaging characteristics of ring-shaped lateral ventricular nodules (RSLVNs) detected by postcontrast brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cranial MR images of 1,241 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced brain imaging between January 1, 2008 and March 31, 2011, excluded images of ...

INTRODUCTION: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H MRS) enables the evaluation of in vivo brain function. The purpose of the study was to compare (1)H MRS measurements in schizophrenic patients, who were clinical responders after short-term antipsychotic treatment, with non-responders and healthy controls. METHODS: We investigated a group of 47 ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of applying prospectively ECG-triggered sequential coronary CT angiography (CCTA) to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and evaluate the image quality and radiation dose compared with a retrospectively ECG-gated helical protocol. METHODS: 100 patients with persistent AF were enrolled. Fifty patients were randomly assigned to a ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We report on the implementation of offline PET/CT-based treatment verification at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Centre (HIT) and present first clinical cases for post-activation measurements after scanned carbon ion irradiation. Key ingredient of this in-vivo treatment verification is the comparison of irradiation-induced patient activation measured by ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this investigation was to assess the association of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-diagnosed temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders [i.e., disc displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction (DDNR), osseous changes (OC), joint effusion] on the same side as well as in the joints of the two sides of ...

An evaluation index that can quantitatively assess the severity of chest wall deformities is essential to prepare and assess corrective surgical operations for patients with these deformities, including funnel chest patients. In previous studies, our group proposed several automatically calculated indices that represent the severity of depression and asymmetry in ...

Subtraction ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) co-registered to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (SISCOM) is a useful modality to identify epileptogenic focus. Using this technique, several studies have generally considered the area of highest ictal hyperperfusion, as outlined by thresholding the difference images with a standard z score of ...

More imaging centers are incorporating diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) into the clinical breast magnetic resonance (MR) examination, with the potential of increasing the specificity of breast MR imaging. This article reviews the role of DWI in the evaluation of breast lesions. The principles, technique, and protocol of DWI are discussed, including ...

The influence of the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscle activation on vocal fold stiffness and eigenfrequencies was investigated in a muscularly controlled continuum model of the vocal folds. Unlike the general understanding that vocal fold fundamental frequency was determined by vocal fold tension, this study showed that vocal fold ...

Our aim was to assess the effect of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) on pediatric head computed tomography (CT) examinations. We retrospectively reviewed 305 pediatric head CT examinations. The study population consisted of standard dose (STD, n = 152) examinations reconstructed with filtered back projection and low dose (LD, n ...

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of a new assessment for patellar subluxation using magnetic resonance (MR) images of the patella superimposed on the femur and to determine its correlation with the tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance. This retrospective study included 81 men and 44 women who underwent ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended in all children with cerebral palsy (CP) where the aetiology has not been established, and the major presenting problem in CP is reduced motor capacity. A systematic review of the literature was performed to investigate the relationship between brain structure on MRI and motor ...

BACKGROUND: In pre-operative planning for total hip arthroplasty (THA), femoral offset (FO) is frequently underestimated on AP pelvis radiographs as a result of inaccurate patient positioning, imprecise magnification, and radiographic beam divergence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of predicting three-dimensional (3-D) FO ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of palatine tonsilloliths. METHODS: 150 consecutive CT exams (75 male and 75 females) were read. RESULTS: Tonsilloliths were found in 37 patients (24.6% with the confidence interval of 17.7-31.6%) on which 18 (48%) had a bilateral location. No influence of gender or age was observed ...

Study Design: Prospective study based on MRI for lumbar disc herniationObjective: In this study, we captured Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the affected nerve root in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and examined the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and clinical symptoms to evaluate the efficacy ...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Ce-MRI) and (18)F-fluorodopa ((18)F-FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) for detecting recurrent glioma. METHODS: In this prospective study, 35 patients (age, 36.62 ± 0.86 years; 80 % male) with histopathologically proven glioma with clinical suspicion of recurrence were evaluated using Ce-MRI ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Because intramedullary spinal cord metastasis is often a difficult diagnosis to make, our purpose was to perform a systematic review of the MR imaging and relevant baseline clinical features of intramedullary spinal cord metastases in a large series.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Consecutive patients with intramedullary spinal cord metastasis with available ...

OBJECTIVES: Radiation induced cranial nerve palsy (RICNP) involving the lower cranial nerves (CNs) is a serious complication of head and neck radiotherapy (RT). Recommendations for delineating the lower CNs on RT planning studies do not exist. The aim of the current study is to develop a standardized methodology for contouring ...

BACKGROUND: No reported data demonstrate the usefulness of magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder in children. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MR arthrography in the assessment of superior labral anteroposterior (SLAP) tears of the shoulder, Bankart-type injuries and Hill-Sachs lesions in children as compared to arthroscopy. ...

BackgroundEndoscopic surgical approach is being more widely used in the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. Accurate localization of CSF fistulas prior to surgery is essential in increasing the success of dural repair and in decreasing negative or recurrent explorations.PurposeTo evaluate and compare intrathecal contrast medium-enhanced magnetic resonance cisternography (CEMRC) ...

The role of glial activation has been implicated in the development and persistence of neuropathic pain after nerve injury by recent studies. PK11195 binding to the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has been shown to be enhanced in activated microglia. This study was designed to assess PK11195 imaging in spinal ...

BACKGROUND: Spinal rotation couples with lateral flexion as a composite movement. Few data report the in vivo mechanical deformation of the nucleus pulposus following sustained rotation. MRI provides a non-invasive method of examining nucleus pulposus deformation by mapping the hydration signal distribution within the intervertebral disc. METHODS: T1 weighted coronal ...

We report a 42-year-old man who presented with ulnar-sided wrist pain. MR image revealed bone marrow edema in the lunate bone. Ulnocarpal impaction syndrome was diagnosed by MRI and arthrography. Bone scintigraphy showed increased uptake in the wrist. SPECT/CT with 2- and 3-dimensional reconstruction images clearly demonstrated abnormal accumulation on ...

We present the F-FDG PET/CT images of a 38-year-old woman with primary pericardial osteosarcoma. Routine chest radiography showed an enlarged cardiac silhouette. Plain chest CT found an oval tumor with dense calcification adhered to the left back of the heart. A whole-body FDG PET/CT scan was performed to evaluate the ...

Hemiplegic migraine is a rare subtype of migraine that is differentiated by motor weakness in the aura phase. The purpose of this case series was to examine the magnetic resonance angiogram findings of patients suffering from suspected acute hemiplegic migraine. This was a retrospective institutional board review protocol study of ...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of CT digital subtraction angiography (CTDSA) by using 320-detector row CT in the diagnosis and classification of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) and comparing it with DSA as the standard reference. METHODS: A total of 29 CTDSA/DSA from 25 ...

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of reconstructed three-dimensional multi-detector computed tomography (3D MDCT) imagery to distinguish between perimortem cranial trauma and postmortem cranial damage. A total of 45 crania were initially examined for the purpose of this study. The postmortem group consists of 14 ...

The cholangiopathies are a diverse group of biliary tract disorders, many of which lack effective treatment. Murine models are an important tool for studying their pathogenesis, but existing noninvasive methods for assessing biliary disease in vivo are not optimal. Here we report our experience with using micro-computed tomography (microCT) and ...

Background: Therapeutic decisions in periodontal surgery are based on the accurate diagnosis of the furcation. Clinical probing is the basic diagnostic tool, however, type II and type III furcation defects cannot easily be distinguished. However, the accuracy of clinical probing to distinguish type II and type III furcation defects is ...

A 10-month-old boy was referred for drooping and intermittent swelling in his right upper eyelid. Careful evaluation of his MRI findings along with the clinical presentation established the diagnosis of superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) thrombosis. History, old photographs, and imaging studies showed that the symptoms and signs were already present ...

OBJECTIVES:: Bowel wall thickening on computed tomography (CT) scans in children may raise concern for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The significance of this radiological finding is unclear. Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical outcomes with regard to IBD in children with no known underlying disease, presenting with abdominal pain ...

Common bile duct (CBD) tuberculosis is rare. A 39-year-old woman was referred because of a 5-month history of abdominal pain. Abdominal enhanced MRI and CT showed dilatation of the distal CBD with irregularly thickened wall. Enhanced CT revealed enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes. FDG PET/CT showed increased FDG uptake of the ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the role of Tc-GH SPECT/CT and F-FDOPA PET/CT for diagnosing recurrence in patients with glioma. METHODS: Thirty patients with histopathologically proven glioma (glioblastoma multiforme, 14; grade III, 6; grade II, 8; and grade I, 2), who presented with clinical and/or imaging suspicion ...

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate the capability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) susceptibility weighted images (SWI) in depicting retinal hemorrhages (RH) in abusive head trauma (AHT) compared to the gold standard dilated fundus exam (DFE). METHODS: This is a retrospective, single institution, observational study on 28 patients with suspected ...

The famous Iceman 'Ötzi' (South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology, Bolzano, Italy), a Neolithic human ice mummy, offers a unique opportunity to study evolutionary aspects of oral disease. The aim of this study was to assess, for the very first time, his oral cavity, which surprisingly had never been examined systematically. ...

Purpose:To describe a split-dose technique for fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT)-guided ablation that permits both target localization and evaluation of treatment effectiveness.Materials and Methods:Institutional review board approved the study with a waiver of consent. From July to December 2011, 23 patients (13 women, 10 men; ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of a novel imaging modality, three-dimensional (3D) metabolic and radiologic gathered evaluation (MeRGE), for localizing parathyroid adenomas (PAs). METHODS: Consecutive patients presenting with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent both thin-slice cervical computed tomography (CT) and (99m)Tc-sestamibi (MIBI) scanning were included. ...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Few studies exist for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) issues and ballistics, and there are no studies addressing movement, heating, and artifacts associated with ballistics at 3-tesla (T). Movement because of magnetic field interactions and radiofrequency (RF)-induced heating of retained bullets may injure nearby critical structures. Artifacts may also ...

STUDY DESIGN:: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES:: The objective of this study was to examine whether the morphology of the compressed spinal cord reflects spinal cord dysfunction in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). SUMMARYOF BACKGROUND:: Segmental levels responsible for clinical symptoms in CSM are usually diagnosed by neurological examination and imaging studies such ...

Abstract Objective: To compare the diagnostic conclusions between fetal neurosonography and MRI in the cases of congenital neurological abnormalities, and with postnatal clinical and imaging evaluation, when available. Methods: Retrospective study of 28 patients who underwent a fetal MRI study for suspected congenital neurological anomalies. The diagnoses obtained by neurosonography ...

To assess the influence of anatomical location on computed tomography (CT) numbers in mid- and full field of view (FOV) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Polypropylene tubes with varying concentrations of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) solutions (50-1200mg/mL) were imaged within the incisor, premolar, and molar dental sockets of a ...

To determine whether the current Finnish screening method using a single flexed mediolateral view as scored by osteophyte is sufficient to diagnose mild elbow dysplasia in Labrador retrievers and to determine if an additional craniocaudal oblique projection would result in improvement in the screening protocol. Thirteen dogs with one mildly ...

There is potential for x-ray dose reduction in computed tomography colonography (CTC) relative to body mass index (BMI). We evaluated the association between BMI and three-dimensional (3D) CTC image quality to assess the potential utility of BMI as the basis for radiation dose reduction in CTC. Ninety-six consecutive patients underwent ...

Multidetector computed tomography (CT) has an established role in the evaluation of selected patients suspected of having coronary disease; however, in addition to coronary assessment, multidetector CT can be used to evaluate numerous noncoronary structures in the same examination. In particular, the use of multidetector CT to provide pulmonary and ...