Over the last 50 years, evidence for central involvement of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has accumulated. Recent advances in neuroimaging technology now allow several components of glutamatergic neurotransmission to be assessed in the living human brain. Positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission tomography (SPET) in ...

Molecular imaging is a novel field in cancer research combining various in vivo imaging modalities with molecular biology. Different techniques such as magnetic resonance tomography (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), optical imaging methods (bioluminescence, fluorescence), or combination of these are used in basic research as well as in patients in ...

Susceptibility artefact is one of the magnetic resonance artefacts. It may occur due to ferromagnetic foreign bodies. We present an unusual artefact due to occupational reason.

Therapies for high-grade gliomas (HHG) that have strong tendency of infiltration and resistance to chemotherapies are currently unavailable. Here, we report that lower-dose combination therapy of Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK) CT, a type of scorpion toxin peptide, and LiCl, clinically used as mood stabilizer, could synergistically inhibit the migration, invasion ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic implications of computed tomography (CT) and physiologic variables at baseline and on sequential evaluation in patients with fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. We identified 72 patients with fibrosing interstitial pneumonia (42 with idiopathic disease, 30 with collagen vascular disease). Pulmonary function tests ...

With the introduction of new combined CT abdomen and pelvis codes it is important that all organizations ensure correct coding and claim submission for multiple exams and that the orders support the performed exam(s).

The objective of the study was to investigate the clinical effects of CT key image notes (KIN) in the interpretation of a CT image study. All experiments were approved by the ethics committee of the local district. Six experienced radiologists were equally divided into routine reporting (RR) group and KIN ...

: Carpal tunnel surgery (CTS) can be performed in the clinic or operating room with similar outcomes. Our goals were to perform a total cost comparison, profit analysis, and assess efficiency of CTS in each setting. : A detailed cost analysis for all CTSs at a tertiary care academic center ...

Various modifications have been described to improve the accuracy in intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO), but there was not a measurable facility to determine the osteotomy line. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the computer tomography (CT)-based osteotomy template on cadaver mandibles and to assess ...

: Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is a potentially fatal condition mainly affecting critically ill patients. Current experience from computed tomography (CT) findings in AAC is contradictory. : CT images of 127 mixed medical-surgical intensive care unit patients were retrospectively reviewed for the following findings: bile density, thickness and enhancement of ...

The purpose of this article is to compare the T-staging accuracy and lesion detectability of MDCT with gas distention versus water distention according to the surgical and histopathologic findings, for the preoperative evaluation of gastric cancer. For a 3-month period, 113 consecutive patients (72 men and 41 women; age range, ...

There is both increasing recognition and growing scrutiny of the increased utilization of computed tomography (CT) in medicine. For our primary objective, we determine and quantify the CT utilization rate in our emergency department (ED) during the last 7 years. As a secondary objective, we compare trends in utilization for ...

The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) densitometry in the diagnosis of otosclerosis and to investigate the relationship between CT densitometry and audiometry. HRCT findings and audiometry were compared among 34 patients (34 ears, the otosclerosis group) with surgically confirmed otosclerosis between ...

Volumetric multidetector computed tomography (CT) was performed on an anthropomorphic cotton zemi idol from the Taino culture, which flourished in the Antilles between the 13th and 15th centuries ad. The zemi belongs to the permanent collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography at the University of Torino in Italy. ...

To report a preliminary descriptive study of new and refined anatomic considerations for computed tomography (CT) in congenital aural atresia (CAA). Thirty-two temporal bone CT scans from 26 patients (6 bilateral cases) with CAA were graded in a prospective blinded manner with both Jahrsdoerfer's system and the new/refined anatomic considerations. ...

The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes about radiation from CT among emergency department patients with symptoms prompting CT who were stratified on the basis of demographic variables, pain, and perceived illness. This survey study was based on three knowledge and three attitude questions asked of ...

Evaluation of peritoneal metastases by computed tomography (CT) scans is challenging and has been reported to be inaccurate. A multi-institutional prospective observational registry study of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer was conducted and a subset analysis was performed to examine peritoneal cancer index (PCI) based on CT and ...

The Japanese method of inquest, which depends mostly on external examinations, may misdiagnose a considerable number of accidental deaths and suicides as death by disease. We conducted computed tomography (CT) scans of 80 cases for which police concluded death by disease or natural causes based on police investigations into the ...

Studies have shown that delayed treatment of several non-hepatobiliary (HB) malignancies is associated with adverse effects on disease progression and survival. Delayed treatment of HB malignancies has not been thoroughly investigated. We performed a retrospective institutional review of patients referred to the Hepatobiliary Surgery Service at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical ...

Several studies have examined clinician preferences regarding the style of body sonography and CT reports. Our study is the first to examine clinicians' and radiologists' preferences in lumbar spine CT and MR imaging reports with respect to content and format and specific components such as management suggestions by the radiologist. ...

To evaluate imaging utilization trends in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and to assess independent predictors of radiology usage in relation to patient outcomes. Institutional review board approval was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study; written informed consent was waived. AP-related radiologic studies in 252 patients admitted for AP between June ...

Hospital prognosis of moderate to severe pericardial effusion (MPE; ≥10 mm) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction is largely unknown. Data from 446 ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients, 228 with MPE-88 with cardiac tamponade (CT) and electromechanical dissociation (EMD), 44 with CT without EMD (w/oEMD), and 96 without initial CT-and 218 with small ...

To investigate two event-oriented methods for evaluating patient satisfaction with radiological services like outpatient computed tomography (CT) examinations. 159 patients (55% men, 45% women) were asked to complete a questionnaire to provide information about their satisfaction with their examination. At first, patients were asked to spontaneously recall notably positive and ...

Increased utilization of computed tomography (CT) in emergency departments (EDs) has become a concern due to its expense and the potential risks associated with radiation exposure. To describe the predictors of CT utilization based on patient, provider, and ED characteristics. There were 3,217,396 ED patient visits during a 12-month period ...

Central nervous system involvement in Hodgkin´s lymphoma is extremely rare. We report three cases who had a relapse from the disease involving CNS. The most frequent causes are skull contiguity, meningeal invasion and via the hematogenous route. It is frequent that the association between Epstein-Barr Virus and Hodgkin´s lymphoma, and ...

The aim of this paper is to review the role of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in managing chronic otitis media (COM), with special attention to the key information required by the otologist for effective preoperative planning.

We discuss the development and first results of a receiver system for the collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic at TEXTOR with frequency resolution in the megahertz range or better. The improved frequency resolution expands the diagnostic range and utility of CTS measurements in general and is a prerequisite for measurements ...

Major components of good quality assurance (QA) in cytology laboratories are measuring the screening accuracy of cytotechnologists (CTs) and determining appropriate workload limits for them. Currently, the FDA approved workload limits for image assisted Paps, however, are too high. In addition, the CLIA 88 mandated QA measures, by themselves, are ...

As multidetector CT has come to play a more central role in medical care and as CT image quality has improved, there has been an increase in the frequency of detecting "incidental findings," defined as findings that are unrelated to the clinical indication for the imaging examination performed. These "incidentalomas," ...

Cranial computed tomography (CT) of the head is widely used in the emergency department 24 h a day. We compared the accuracy of CT head interpretation between staff emergency physicians (EPs) and neuroradiologists. We conducted a health records review of patients who required head CT in the emergency department. Two ...

To compare average computed tomography (CT(AVE)) datasets with free breathing helical computed tomography (CT(HEL)) for contouring organs at risk (OARs) and radiation treatment planning in patients receiving stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the lung. Ten SBRT patients with peripheral stage I non-small cell lung cancer underwent a CT(HEL) and ...

In the management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the identification of peritoneal deposits is the most important prognostic factor. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the role of multidetector CT (MDCT) in identifying peritoneal deposits pre-operatively. 38 previously untreated patients (median age 50 years; range 26-70 years) were evaluated ...

AIM: To evaluate the benefits and logistical safety of computed tomography (CT) imaging in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in a single institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of 25 months, 134 patients (80 neonates, 19 children, and 35 adults) underwent ECMO therapy at this institution. The ...

Abstract Objective: To describe the clinical, speech, hearing, and imaging findings in three members of a Brazilian family with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) who presented some unusual characteristics within the spectrum of the syndrome. Design: Clinical evaluation was performed by a multidisciplinary team. Direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified coding ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) scan coregistration in predicting and adequately locating primary or recurrent cholesteatoma in children. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. PATIENTS: Ten patients aged 2 to 17 years (mean age, 8.5 years) with ...

Emergency department (ED) frequent users account for a large number of annual ED visits and often receive radiological studies as a part of their evaluation. We report a pilot study of a case management program for ED frequent users to reduce ED usage and radiation exposure. This observational retrospective study ...

C-reactive protein (CRP) levels may predict the extent of acute rhinosinusitis disease in the computed tomography (CT) scans, as well as the specific symptom severity. High levels may direct the physician to change the treatment. To establish tools to define 'high risk' patients suffering from acute rhinosinusitis. Patients suffering from ...

This article presents a case of a 40-year-old female patient with a right-side middle ear tuberculosis. The patient was a nurse, who had worked at the Department of Pulmology, Clinical Hospital Rijeka for 17 years. The cause was infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis while she assisted in bronchoscopy. The patient was ...

This study revealed that, in the adult population, the final diagnosis of this entity can only be made by combining imaging with clinical tests. We developed the largest temporal bone multislice computed tomography (CT) scan study so far by including 410 cases to investigate the prevalence of posterior semicircular canal ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate any improvement in the quality of abdominal CTs after the utilization of the nationally based accreditation program. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board, and informed consent was waived. We retrospectively analyzed 1,011 outside abdominal CTs, from 2003 to 2007. We ...

The annual number of CT scans in the U.S. is now over 70 million. The concern is that organ doses from CT are typically far larger than those from conventional X-ray examinations, and there is epidemiological evidence of a small but significant increased cancer risk at typical CT doses. Because ...

To define the value of multislice computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). Two hundred patients (age range: 20-92 years) who were referred to the emergency CT department with a clinical suspicion of AMI were prospectively included in the study. CT examinations were performed with a ...

The process of eliciting client language toward change (change talk [CT]) is implicated as a causal mechanism in motivational interviewing (MI) and brief motivational interventions (BMI). We investigated the articulation of counselor behaviors and CT during BMI with young men. We coded 149 sessions using the Motivational Interviewing Skill Code ...

Although cholesteatoma was first described in 1683, its etiopathogeny remains unexplained. In children, there are two forms: acquired cholesteatoma, resembling the adult form, and congenital cholesteatoma. The acquired form has become less frequent in recent years, thanks to progress in the treatment of childhood otitic pathology. Diagnosis of congenital cholesteatoma, ...

CT scanning of the deceased is an established technique performed on all individuals admitted to VIFM over the last 5 years. It is used primarily to assist pathologists in determining cause and manner of death but is also invaluable for identification of unknown deceased individuals where traditional methods are not ...

AIMS: The aims of our study are to evaluate the use of computed tomographic scan of the head (CT-head) in patients with altered mental status (AMS) presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) and to identify clinical features associated with an abnormal CT-head result. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, we ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance and cost effectiveness of the WHO recommendations of incorporating risk-assessment scores and population prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) into vaginal discharge syndrome (VDS) algorithms. METHODS: Non-pregnant women presenting with VDS were recruited at a non-governmental sexual health clinic in Sofia, Bulgaria. ...

Concerns regarding the risks of cancer and cancer-related death as a result of radiation from computed tomography (CT) scans and the lack of data demonstrating a survival advantage for surveillance CT scans following lymphoma therapy have raised questions regarding their benefit. We compared the radiation-related lifetime cancer incidence (LCI) and ...

To produce and test an algorithm to automatically quantify natural occlusal caries lesions in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans of human teeth. The algorithm presented divides the occlusal surface into regions of enamel and dentine by looking for sharp increases and decreases in radiopacity characteristic of step changes between materials. The ...

Anatomic changes and positional variability during intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer can lead to clinically significant dosimetric changes. We report our single-institution experience using an adaptive protocol and correlate these changes with anatomic and positional changes during treatment. Twenty-three sequential head and neck IMRT patients underwent ...