The focal underdetermined system solver (FOCUSS) was originally designed to obtain sparse solutions by successively solving quadratic optimization problems. This article adapts FOCUSS for a projection reconstruction MR imaging problem to obtain high resolution reconstructions from angular under-sampled radial k-space data. We show that FOCUSS is effective for projection reconstruction ...

PURPOSE: To assess a swallowing-compensated, three-dimensional (3D) diffusion-prepared segmented steady-state free precession (3D Nav-D-SSFP) technique for carotid wall MRI with 0.6-mm isotropic spatial resolution, and its utility for semiautomated carotid wall morphometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The carotid arteries of seven healthy volunteers (N=14) were imaged with 3D Nav-D-SSFP and black-blood ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on workroom time efficiency of the 3D sonographic technique compared with the 2D technique in examinations of the kidney, shoulder, small parts (thyroid, testes, Achilles tendon, other superficial structures), and female pelvic organs in a community hospital. SUBJECTS AND ...

OBJECTIVE: Augmented reality (AR) is a technique in which an overlay of a virtual image to a live picture is performed to create a new image in which both original images coexist as a single image. This results in the visualization of internal structures through overlying tissues. The objective was ...

INTRODUCTION: Periprosthetic bone remodeling after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a well recognized phenomenon. Many authors have published osteodensitometric data with DEXA analysis. This study based on computerized tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The objective of the current project is to collect prospective volumetric bone density data with a clinical ...

Both in radiology and in surgery, numerous applications are emerging that enable 3D visualization of data from various imaging modalities. In clinical practice, the patient's images are analyzed on work stations in the Radiology Department. For specific preclinical and educational applications, however, data from single patients are insufficient. Instead, similar ...

Multislice helical CT generated virtual bronchoscopy (VB) represents one of the most recent developments in three-dimensional computer aided visualisation techniques. VB allows non-invasive and relatively accurate 3D evaluation of tracheobronchal tree. We performed virtual bronchoscopy and in-space 3D volume analysis on CT-data set acquired from sixty-four-year old male with bronchial ...

Spectral-spatial images reconstructed from a small number of projections suffer from streak artifacts that are seen as noise, particularly in the spectral dimension. Interpolation in projection space can reduce artifacts in the reconstructed images. The reduction of background artifacts improves lineshape fitting. In this work, we compared the performances of ...

The objective of this study was to analyze modern human craniofacial form using 3D Procrustes superimposition in order to establish a reference model and validate it on computed tomography (CT). The sample consists of 136 specimens from five modern human regional groups. Thirty-three craniofacial landmark coordinates have been recorded using ...

PURPOSE: To visualize the hemodynamics of the intracranial arteries using time-resolved three-dimensional phase-contrast (PC)-MRI (4D-Flow). MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR examinations were performed with a 1.5T MR unit on six healthy volunteers (22-50 years old, average = 30 years). 4D-Flow was based on a radiofrequency (RF)-spoiled gradient-echo sequence, and velocity encoding ...

To date there has been no satisfactory research method for imaging microvascular anatomy in three dimensions (3D). In this article we present a new technique that allows both qualitative and quantitative examination of the microvasculature in 3D. In 10 fresh cadavers (7 females, 3 males, mean age 68 years), selected ...

The objective of this study was to introduce the technical utility of micro-computed tomography (CT) with 27-mum resolution by cone-beam CT algorithm. Whole-body micro-CT scans were performed to honeybee. Two- and three-dimensional image analyses were performed by originally developed and available open-source software for acquired images. The original contribution of ...

We retrospectively evaluated an elliptic centric ordered 3D (ec 3D) magnetic resonance venography (MRV) technique in comparison to 2D time-of-flight (2D TOF) MRV in patients with presumptive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Twenty-five patients (mean age 40.6 +/- 16.5 years) with presumptive CVST underwent cerebral MRI including 2D TOF and ...

PURPOSE: To analyze the usefulness of chest and scapular trauma radiographs, axial computed tomography (CT), and two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) reconstruction CT in detecting fractures of the six anatomical regions of the scapula. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-four patients, with a median age (range) of 34 (16-60) years, with ...

A patient with pericardial effusion and tamponade was studied by routine two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional echocardiogram. Chamber "collapses" of the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and inferior vena cava were visualized by both modalities, but were better appreciated on three-dimensional echo imaging, perhaps because three-dimensional echo imaging is ...

Respiratory motion degrades anatomic position reproducibility and leads to issues affecting image acquisition, treatment planning, and radiation delivery. Four-dimensional (4D) computer tomography (CT) image acquisition can be used to measure the impact of organ motion and to explicitly account for respiratory motion during treatment planning and radiation delivery. Modern CT ...

The amphibian embryo undergoes radical tissue transformations during blastula and gastrula stages, but live observation of internal morphogenetic events by optical microscopy is not feasible due to the opacity of the early embryo. Here, we report on the use of microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to directly follow morphogenetic movements ...

Currently, images acquired via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology are reconstructed using the discrete inverse Fourier transform. While computationally convenient, this approach is not able to filter out noise. This is a serious limitation because the amount of noise in MRI and fMRI can ...

OBJECTIVE: Three-dimensional (3D) displays of anatomic structures have become feasible for preoperative planning in some surgical procedures. There have been no reports, however, on the use of 3D displays for surgical treatment of lung cancer. We hypothesized that 3D displays of the thorax are useful for preoperative planning for lung ...

Three-dimensional (3D) virtual planning of orthognathic surgery requires detailed visualization of the interocclusal relationship. The purpose of this study was to introduce the modification of the double computed tomography (CT) scan procedure using a newly designed 3D splint in order to obtain a detailed anatomic 3D virtual augmented model of ...

Elongated styloid process is a relatively common cause of facial and neck pain, but it is often misdiagnosed due to its varied clinical presentation. Since an elongated styloid process is often confirmed by radiological means, it would be helpful to find a more accurate mode of depicting the styloid process. ...

This paper presents a novel method for phase unwrapping for phase sensitive reconstruction in MR imaging. The unwrapped phase is obtained by integrating the phase gradient by solving a Poisson equation. An efficient solver, which has been made publicly available, is used to solve the equation. The proposed method is ...

We consider x-ray computed tomography (CT) technique based on refractive effects, which has advantages for delineating biological weakly-absorbing soft-tissues over the conventional absorption-contrast CT (computed tomography) because of the use of phase sensitive detection. The refraction-based CT described here detects the angular deviation of the beam, refracted by a sample, ...

Interphase chromosomes are organized into discrete chromosome territories (CTs) that may occupy preferred sub-nuclear positions. While chromosome size and gene density appear to influence positioning, the biophysical mechanisms behind CT localization, especially the relationship between morphology and positioning, remain obscure. One reason for this has been the difficulty in imaging, ...

Pyknodysostosis is an autosomal-recessive disorder of osteoclast dysfunction causing osteosclerosis, with associated maxillofacial anomalies. Multidetector CT with multiplanar and 3D reconstruction illustrated the pathologic findings in this case. Abnormalities included multiple retained deciduous teeth, unerupted teeth with associated follicles, an irregularly expanded alveolus and body of the mandible, and an ...

OBJECTIVES: Respiratory motion represents a major problem in radiotherapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors. Methods for compensation require comprehensive knowledge of underlying dynamics. Therefore, 4D (= 3D + t) CT data can be helpful. But modern CT scanners cannot scan a large region of interest simultaneously. So patients have to ...

The deep inferior epigastric perforator flap procedure has become a popular alternative for women who require breast reconstruction. One of the difficulties with this procedure is identifying perforator arteries large enough to ensure that the harvested tissue is well vascularized. Current techniques involve imaging the perforator arteries with computed tomography ...

Metal Artifact still remains one of the main drawbacks in craniofacial Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography (3D CT). In this study, we tried to test the efficacy of additional silicone dental impression materials as a "tooth shield" for the reduction of metal artifact caused by metal restorations and orthodontic appliances. 6 phantoms ...

OBJECT: The precise preoperative assessment of the complex nerve-vessel relationship at the root exit zone (RExZ) of the facial nerve is important when planning microvascular decompression (MVD) in patients with hemifacial spasms. The authors have developed an imaging technique-the fusion of 3D magnetic resonance (MR) cistemography and coregistered 3D MR ...

Using 4 and 8-channel super-parallel magnetic resonance (MR) microscopes with a horizontal bore 2.34T superconducting magnet developed for 3-dimensional MR microscopy of the large Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos, we acquired T(1)-weighted 3D images of 1204 embryos at a spatial resolution of (40 microm)(3) to (150 microm)(3) in about 2 ...

The purpose of the present work was to describe the development and validation of a series of tests to assess the quality of four-dimensional (4D) computed-tomography (CT) imaging as it is applied to radiation treatment planning. Using a commercial respiratory motion phantom and a programmable moving platform with a CT ...

Due to complexity and irregulation of each encephalic tissue boundary, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction for MRI image has been a hot area. Support vector machine (SVM) based on statistical learning theory is mainly utilized in classification and regression. One Class SVM (OCSVM) was originally proposed for solving some special classification problems. ...

In this paper, we present a general framework for extracting 3D centerlines from volumetric datasets. Unlike the majority of previous approaches, we do not require a prior segmentation of the volume nor we do assume any particular tubular shape. Centerline extraction is performed using a morphology-guided level set model. Our ...

Isotropic acquisitions are routinely achievable with 64- channel CT scanners,. As it predecessors, it includes MultiPlanar Reformation (MPR) projection for the reconstruction of two-dimensional images and volume rendering for the creation of three dimensional images. The accuracy of images obtained with these postprocessing methods depends on the spatial resolution of ...

In head MRI image, the boundary of each encephalic tissue is highly complicated and irregular. It is a real challenge to traditional segmentation algorithms. As a new kind of machine learning, Support Vector Machine (SVM) based on Statistical Learning Theory (SLT) has high generalization ability, especially for dataset with small ...

OBJECTIVES: Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology has allowed the development of imaging sequences tailored to the assessment of minute anatomic detail of the temporal bone structures. Volume Rendering (VR) is a 3D rendering method used in MRI. It helps in understanding complex anatomic conditions and is particularly ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the image performance of silicon-based flat-panel-detector-based volumetric computed tomography (fpVCT) to multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) for the visualization and detail detectability of skeletal structures in rodents of different development stages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rodents of different development stages were imaged ...

Recent advances in multidetector row computed tomography (MD-CT) technology provide new opportunities for clinical diagnoses of various diseases. Here we assessed CT virtual duodenoscopy, duodenography, and three-dimensional (3D) multicholangiography created by MD-CT for clinical diagnosis of duodenal malignant lesions. The study involved seven cases of periduodenal carcinoma (four ampullary carcinomas, ...

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), methods that use a non-Cartesian grid in k-space are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we use a recently proposed implicit discretisation scheme which generalises the standard approach based on gridding. While the latter succeeds for sufficiently uniform sampling sets and accurate estimated density compensation ...

To verify the influence of a priori information on the nonuniqueness problem of bioluminescence tomography (BLT), the multimodality imaging fusion based BLT experiment is performed by multiview noncontact detection mode, which incorporates the anatomical information obtained by the microCT scanner and the background optical properties based on diffuse reflectance measurements. ...

Using the backprojection filtration (BPF) and filtered backprojection (FBP) approaches, respectively, we prove that with cone-beam CT the interior problem can be exactly solved by analytic continuation. The prior knowledge we assume is that a volume of interest (VOI) in an object to be reconstructed is known in a subregion ...

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the ability of 3D-CT and virtual bronchoscopy to estimate trachea stenosis in comparison to conventional axial CT and fiberoptic bronchoscopy, with a view to assist thoracic surgeons in depicting the anatomical characteristics of tracheal strictures. METHODS: Spiral CT was performed in 16 patients with suspected tracheal stenoses ...

A distinguishability measure is defined for magnetic resonance-electrical impedance tomography (MR-EIT) based on magnetic flux density measurements. This general definition is valid for 2D and 3D structures of any shape. As a specific case, a 2D cylindrical body with concentric inhomogeneity is considered and a bound of the distinguishability is ...

BACKGROUND: Mitral annulus assessment is of great importance for the diagnosis and treatment of mitral valve disease. The present study sought to assess the value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for the assessment of true mitral annulus diameter (MAD). METHODS: One hundred and fifty patients (mean age 38 +/- 18 years) ...

PURPOSE: Computed tomography (CT) streak artifacts caused by metallic implants remain a challenge for the automatic processing of image data. The impact of metal artifacts in the soft-tissue region is magnified in cone-beam CT (CBCT), because the soft-tissue contrast is usually lower in CBCT images. The goal of this study ...

Three-dimensional (3D) isotropically sampled data facilitates retrospective viewing of arbitrarily aligned image planes and simplifies automated computer analysis of 3D structures. However, compared to acquisitions that employ thick slices, MRI acquisitions with isotropic sampling have a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A rater study was performed to examine viewer preference for ...

The current study used advanced three-dimensional (3-D) images with quantitative information to show the bottom of an intrabony defect. The 3-D data were corrected by means of a compact computerized tomography unit for dental use using a cone-beam method (3DX, Morita). 3-D images at the bottom of the intrabony defect ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of images obtained with fast 3D T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) sequences and 1-mm isotropic voxels with the quality of conventional 2D MRCP images. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutively registered patients (14 women, 16 men; average age, ...

Sixty-four slice MDCT with advanced three-dimensional (3D) visualization software provides a unique opportunity for noninvasive evaluation of the mesenteric vasculature. Although standard axial computed tomography (CT) scanning has always allowed identification of the mesenteric arteries and veins, it is limited in its ability to adequately image small branches and complex ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study, undertaken in patients who underwent mitral valve (MV) repair surgery, was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of 3-dimensional (3D) transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography in the evaluation of MV pathology. BACKGROUND: A pre-operative assessment of MV anatomy is essential to surgical design ...