Analyzer crystal-based computed tomography (ACB-CT) is a novel x-ray phase contrast computed tomography technique. In this paper, in order to extract the refraction angle, we analyzed the effect of misalignment on tomography-sliced images of ACB-CT. Two different methods were considered: the first, proposed by Chapman and Dilmanian, was based on ...

The main goal of our work was to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of virtual endoscopy (VE) techniques in routinely diagnostic and preoperative management of patients with various sinus diseases or head traumas in our practice. Fly-through algorithm was performed using an Xeon based workstation on data sets created from axial ...

The authors develop a unique CT simulation tool based on the 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom, a whole-body computer model of the human anatomy and physiology based on NURBS surfaces. Unlike current phantoms in CT based on simple mathematical primitives, the 4D XCAT provides an accurate representation of the complex ...

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the utility of 3D T2 MR cholangiography (MRC) for biliary visualization and predicting the number of ductal orifices during right lobe harvesting for ductal anastomosis in liver donors for right lobe transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was composed of 33 donors who underwent ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare 3-dimensional (3-D) surface reconstructions of the temporal bone with presently used multiplanar reconstructions (MPRs) from high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) data sets in patients with superior canal dehisence syndrome (SCDS). Results of audiometry, vestibular evoked myopotentials (VEMPs), and clinical testing are also considered. PATIENTS:: Twenty-one adults with unilateral ...

OBJECTIVES: The development of an automated, user-friendly system (ANGIOCARE), for rapid three-dimensional (3D) coronary reconstruction, integrating angiographic and, intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) data. METHODS: Biplane angiographic and ICUS sequence images are imported into the system where a prevalidated method is used for coronary reconstruction. This incorporates extraction of the catheter path ...

Franz Sikora found the first specimen and type of the recently extinct Hadropithecus stenognathus in Madagascar in 1899 and sent it to Ludwig Lorenz von Liburnau of the Austrian Imperial Academy of Sciences. Later, he sent several more specimens including a subadult skull that was described by Lorenz von Liburnau ...

Three-dimensional fossils, especially those preserving soft-part anatomy, are a rich source of palaeontological information; they can, however, be difficult to work with. Imaging of serial planes through an object (tomography) allows study of both the inside and outside of three-dimensional fossils. Tomography may be performed using physical grinding or sawing ...

A general methodology is described to validate a 3D imaging modality with respect to 2D digital subtracted angiography (DSA) for brain AVMs (BAVM) delineation. It relies on the assessment of the statistical compatibility of the radiosurgical target delineated in 3D with its delineations in 2D. This methodology is demonstrated through ...

Isotropic negative permeability resulting from Mie resonance is demonstrated in a three-dimensional (3D) dielectric composite consisting of an array of dielectric cubes. A strong subwavelength magnetic resonance, corresponding to the first Mie resonance, was excited in dielectric cubes by electromagnetic wave. Negative permeability is verified in the magnetic resonance area ...

PURPOSE: A new approach to the segmentation of 3D CT images is proposed in an attempt to provide texture-based segmentation of organs or disease diagnosis. 3D extension of Haralick texture features was studied calculating co-occurrences of all voxels in a small cubic region around the voxel. RESULTS: For verification, the ...

The purpose of the study was to test the precision and accuracy of a method used to track selected landmarks during motion of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A precision phantom device was constructed and relative motions between two rigid bodies on the phantom device were measured using optoelectronic (OE) and ...

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is particularly well-suited to applications where its portability, rapid acquisition speed and sensitivity give it a practical advantage over other monitoring or imaging systems. An EIT system's patient interface can potentially be adapted to match the target environment, and thereby increase its utility. It may thus ...

Computed tomography (CT) is the current imaging standard for confirming the diagnosis of a calcaneonavicular coalition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional (3D) multi-planar CT images of calcaneonavicular coalitions and adjacent tarsal relationships, compared to controls, in order to obtain an understanding of the 3D anatomy for ...

Currently accepted techniques that evaluate the uterus and female reproductive system in the infertility workup algorithm include hysterosonography, hysteroscopy and hysterosalpingography. Based on high speed multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) which can acquire high-quality volumetric data of the pelvic region in a single brief scan, MDCT virtual hysteroscopy is proposed as ...

BACKGROUND: This study sought to compare three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to assess intracardiac masses. It was hypothesized that 3D TEE would reveal incremental information for surgical and nonsurgical management. METHODS: In 41 patients presenting with intracardiac masses (17 thrombi, 15 myxomas, 2 lymphomas, 2 caseous calcifications ...

Since a general flat hologram has a limited viewable area, we usually cannot see the other side of a reconstructed object. There are some holograms that can solve this problem. A cylindrical hologram is well known to be viewable in 360 deg. Most cylindrical holograms are optical holograms, but there ...

Multidetector CT has become widely available and with it the ability to rapidly create detailed reformatted images. Multiplanar images can be created depicting the anatomy in planes other than the traditional axial plane, using isotropic to near-isotropic data. It is important for both clinicians and radiologists to be aware of ...

When a digital hologram is reconstructed, only points located at the reconstruction distance are in focus. We have developed a novel technique for creating an in-focus image of the macroscopic objects encoded in a digital hologram. This extended focused image is created by combining numerical reconstructions with depth information extracted ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of presurgical simulation of microvascular decompression (MVD) by virtual endoscopy (VE), a new tool to analyze three-dimensionally reconstructed magnetic resonance data sets in patients with trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm (HFS). METHODS: In 17 patients (10 with trigeminal neuralgia and seven with HFS) determined to ...

The authors are using a perceptual difference model (Case-PDM) to quantitatively evaluate image quality of the thousands of test images which can be created when optimizing fast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging strategies and reconstruction techniques. In this validation study, they compared human evaluation of MR images from multiple organs and ...

Current developments in storage solutions, PACS, and client-server systems allow for 3D imaging at the desktop. This can be achieved together with full storage into PACS of all slices, including the very large thin-section CT datasets. This paper describes a possible setup, which has been in operation for several years ...

To develop and optimize a new modification of GRAPPA (generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions) MR reconstruction algorithm named "Robust GRAPPA." In Robust GRAPPA, k-space data points were weighted before the reconstruction. Small or zero weights were assigned to "outliers" in k-space. We implemented a Slow Robust GRAPPA method, which iteratively ...

We have developed an effective technique for aiding the design and evaluating the performance of the probe caps used to perform optical topography (OT) on infants. To design and evaluate a probe cap, it is necessary to determine the measurement positions for conducting OT on the brain surface of subjects. ...

OBJECTIVES: During endoscopic surgery, it is difficult to ascertain the anatomical landmarks once the anatomy is fiddled with or if the operating area is filled with blood. An augmented reality system will enhance the endoscopic view and further enable surgeons to view hidden critical structures or the results of preoperative ...

A method is proposed for 3D segmentation and quantification of the masseter muscle from magnetic resonance (MR) images, which is often performed in pre-surgical planning and diagnosis. Because of a lack of suitable automatic techniques, a common practice is for clinicians to manually trace out all relevant regions from the ...

The High-Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT) is a dedicated human brain positron emission tomography (PET) scanner. Recently, a 3D filtered backprojection (3D-FBP) reconstruction method has been implemented to reduce bias in short duration frames, currently observed in 3D ordinary Poisson OSEM (3D-OP-OSEM) reconstructions. Further improvements might be expected using a new ...

OBJECTIVE: In this paper a new approach to tomographic image reconstruction from projections is developed and investigated. METHOD: To solve the reconstruction problem a special neural network which resembles a Hopfield net is proposed. The reconstruction process is performed during the minimizing of the energy function in this network. To ...

The goal of this article is to make the PET/CT and SPECT/CT operator aware of common artifacts found in CT. In diagnostic imaging, the ability to render an accurate diagnosis requires the technologist to take steps to optimize image quality and recognize when image quality has been compromised-that is, when ...

Partial k-space acquisition is a conventional method in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for reducing imaging time while maintaining image quality. In this field, image reconstruction from partial k-space is a key issue. This paper proposes an approach fundamentally different from traditional techniques for reconstructing magnetic resonance (MR) images from partial ...

Three-dimensional focused ion beam (FIB) tomography is increasingly being used for 3D characterization of microstructures in the 50 nm-20 microm range. FIB tomography is a destructive, invasive process, and microstructural changes may potentially occur during the analysis process. Here residual stress and crack morphologies in single-crystal sapphire samples have been ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions in three dimensions (3D) and to examine the potential yield and added diagnostic value of these reconstructions in planning percutaneous interventional procedures. METHODS AND RESULTS: The novel CardiOp-B system for 3D reconstruction of the coronary vessels ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of 3D reconstructed computed tomography (CT) imaging for patients with double outlet right ventricle (DORV). METHODS: CT images were obtained preoperatively from 17 patients who ranged in age from 5 days to 5 years. Reconstructed 3D images were created using gradient-shading surface rendering, which allowed ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of 3D driven equilibrium (DRIVE) imaging with 3D balanced fast field echo (bFFE) imaging in the assessment of the anatomic structures of the internal auditory canal (IAC) and inner ear at 3 Tesla (T). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty ears of 15 subjects (7 men and ...

For real-time 3D visualization of respiratory organ motion for MRI-guided therapy, a new adaptive 4D MR imaging method based on navigator echo and multiple gating windows was developed. This method was designed to acquire a time series of volumetric 3D images of a cyclically moving organ, enabling therapy to be ...

The paralyzed arytenoid is not immobile and is subjected to passive movement during phonation. If anatomical changes during inspiration and phonation are compared by three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT), it is possible to observe vertical movement of the paralyzed arytenoid. Our aim was to use 3D CT to examine the ...

To validate the use of a novel mathematical algorithm applied to digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) computed tomography (CT) data to automate the generation of complex endovascular graft planning. An algorithm was developed enabling the creation of patient-specific mathematical model based upon DICOM CT data to allow for ...

INTRODUCTION: 3D echocardiography allows imaging and analysis of cardiovascular structures as they move in time and space, thus creating possibility for creation of 4D datasets (3D + time). Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) further broadens the spectrum of echocardiographic techniques by allowing detailed imaging of intracardiac anatomy with 3D reconstructions. The paper ...

OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we present an autonomous virtual mobile robot (AVMR) for three-dimensional (3D) exploration of unknown tubular-like structures in 3D images. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The trajectory planning for 3D central navigation is achieved by combining two neuro-fuzzy controllers, and is based on 3D sensory information; a Hough transform ...

We developed an accurate frontal targeting method for hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage (HPH) using three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed CT scanning. Five consecutive unconscious patients with a significant volume of HPH were treated neuroendoscopically via frontal trephination. CT images were examined and reconstructed by an independent neuroradiologist for measuring the selected frontal entry ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine the value of adding 3D multiplanar sonography to 2D sonohysterography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2003 and April 2005, 80 women (mean age, 43.5 years; range, 26-78 years) underwent sonohysterography with both conventional 2D sonohysterography and 3D multiplanar imaging (volume ...

Study of neuronal networks requires an inventory of the neurons, knowledge of fiber in- and output, and qualitative and quantitative data on the intrinsic connectivity. For this purpose we combined in rat hippocampus fluorescence neuroanatomical tracing and intracellular fluorochrome injection of neurons. Multichannel confocal laser scanning microscopy was followed by ...

This article presents the advances of three-dimensional (3D) virtual neuroendoscopy of the cranial nerves (CN) in the posterior fossa. Interactive 3D visualizations were generated and the anatomical landmarks, such as the root entry/exit zones (REZ) and cisternal segments of the CN were evaluated. Twenty patients (M:F, 6:14) with trigeminal neuralgia ...

Variation in computed tomography (CT) image gray-scale and spatial geometry due to specimen orientation, magnification, voxel size, differences in X-ray photon energy and limited field-of-view during the scan, were evaluated in repeated micro-CT scans of iliac crest biopsies and test phantoms. Using the micro-CT scanner on beamline X2B at the ...

An original three-dimensional (3D) linear articulatory model of the velum and nasopharyngeal wall has been developed from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography images of a French subject sustaining a set of 46 articulations, covering his articulatory repertoire. The velum and nasopharyngeal wall are represented by generic surface triangular ...

Dental identification is the most valuable method to identify human remains in single cases with major postmortem alterations as well as in mass casualties because of its practicability and demanding reliability. Computed tomography (CT) has been investigated as a supportive tool for forensic identification and has proven to be valuable. ...

Automatic segmentation of anatomical structures in medical images is a valuable tool for efficient computer-aided radiotherapy and surgery planning and an enabling technology for dynamic adaptive radiotherapy. This paper presents the design, algorithms and validation of new software for the automatic segmentation of CT images used for radiotherapy treatment planning. ...

Current electronic patient record (EPR) implementations do not incorporate medical images, nor structural information extracted from them, despite images increasing role for diagnosis. This paper presents an integration framework into EPRs of anatomical and pathological knowledge extracted from segmented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), applying a graph of representation for anatomical ...

Partially parallel imaging (PPI) is a widely used technique in clinical applications. A limitation of this technique is the strong noise and artifact in the reconstructed images when high reduction factors are used. This work aims to increase the clinical applicability of PPI by improving its performance at high reduction ...

In coherent lensless imaging, the presence of image sidelobes, which arise as a natural consequence of the finite nature of the detector array, was early recognized as a convergence issue for phase retrieval algorithms that rely on an object support constraint. To mitigate the problem of truncated far-field measurement, a ...