BACKGROUND: Since the pioneering studies of human thalamic anatomy based on histology and binding techniques, little new work has been done to bring this knowledge into clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we hypothesized that it was possible, in vitro, to make use of high ...

A woman presented with vaginal bleeding after myomectomy. Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) combined with hysterosalpingography (HSG) revealed an iatrogenic diverticulum of the uterus. The three-dimensional CT combined with HSG images were very useful for subsequent surgery.

This study was performed to anatomically illustrate the living canine hippocampal formation in three-dimensions (3D), and to evaluate its relationship to surrounding brain structures. Three normal beagle dogs were scanned on a MR scanner with inversion recovery segmented 3D gradient echo sequence (known as MP-RAGE: Magnetization Prepared Rapid Gradient Echo). ...

In this study, we present an accurate, reliable, robust, and time-efficient technique for a semi-automatic segmentation of neuroanatomically defined cortical structures in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. It involves manual drawing of the border of a region of interest (ROI), supported by three-dimensional (3D) visualization techniques (rendering), and a subsequent ...

BACKGROUND: Early-onset scoliosis frequently leads to major thoracic deformity and pulmonary restrictive disease. Growing rods surgical techniques were developed to achieve a satisfactory correction of the spinal curves during growth. The effect on the rib cage deformity has not yet been documented. The purpose of this study was to analyze ...

PURPOSE: To determine the constancy of z-axis spatial resolution, CT number, image noise, and the potential for image artifacts for nonconstant velocity spiral CT data reconstructed using a flexibly weighted 3D filtered backprojection (WFBP) reconstruction algorithm. METHODS: A WFBP reconstruction algorithm was used to reconstruct stationary (axial, pitch=0), constant velocity ...

Since the introduction of 3-D rotational X-ray imaging, protocols for 3-D rotational coronary artery imaging have become widely available in routine clinical practice. Intra-procedural cardiac imaging in a computed tomography (CT)-like fashion has been particularly compelling due to the reduction of clinical overhead and ability to characterize anatomy at the ...

Passive MRI is a promising approach to visualize catheters in guiding and monitoring endovascular intervention and may offer several clinical advantages over the current x-ray fluoroscopy "gold standard." Endovascular MRI has limitations, however, such as difficulty in visualizing catheters and insufficient temporal resolution. The multicycle projection dephaser method is a ...

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a micro-computed tomography (CT) method for observations of the mouse embryo. At 13.0 days post-coitum, mouse embryos were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h and stained en bloc by osmium tetroxide overnight. The embryos were then embedded in paraffin using standard ...

PURPOSE: Surgical outcome after microvascular decompression (MVD) for primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN) has been demonstrated as being related to the characteristics of the neurovascular compression (NVC), especially to the degree of compression exerted on the root. Therefore, preoperative determination of the NVC features could be of great value to the ...

BACKGROUND: Middle-ear anatomy is integrally linked to both its normal function and its response to disease processes. Micro-CT imaging provides an opportunity to capture high-resolution anatomical data in a relatively quick and non-destructive manner. However, to optimally extract functionally relevant details, an intuitive means of reconstructing and interacting with these ...

Among computational models, voxel phantoms based on computer tomographic (CT), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or colour photographic images of patients, volunteers or cadavers have become popular in recent years. Although being true to nature representations of scanned individuals, voxel phantoms have limitations, especially when walled organs have to be segmented ...

The presence of metals in patients causes streaking artifacts in X-ray CT and has been recognized as a problem that limits various applications of CT imaging. Accurate localization of metals in CT images is a critical step for metal artifacts reduction in CT imaging and many practical applications of CT ...

The spatial resolution of diagnostic Computed Tomography (CT) has increased substantially, and 3D isotropic sub-millimeter spatial resolution in both axial and helical scan modes is routinely available in the clinic. However, driven by advanced clinical applications, the pursuit for higher spatial resolution and free of aliasing artifacts in diagnostic CT ...

PURPOSE: To determine current practice patterns with regard to three-dimensional (3D) imaging for gynecologic brachytherapy among American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) members. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Registered physician members of the ABS received a 19-item survey by e-mail in August 2007. This report excludes physicians not performing brachytherapy for cervical cancer. RESULTS: ...

Analytic simulation in computed tomography(CT) generates projection data for evaluating and improving CT image reconstruction algorithms and has played an important role in the research and development of x-ray CT. The simulation is desired to be as realistic as possible while the computation needs to be efficient and accurate. Early ...

The aim of the study was to assess the normal and synostosed coronal cranial sutures morphology at an ultrastructural level. Different operative specimens of human coronal sutures were collected. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) slices were obtained and compared with the representative histologic sections. The micro-CT scanning provides ...

A 46-year-old man fell four steps, striking his neck and having associated neck pain and discomfort. He was evaluated at a local emergency department and reported no neurological deficit but focal mid cervical tenderness. Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scan were "negative" for cervical spine fracture, dislocation or pre-vertebral soft ...

A 78-year-old man presented to the accident and emergency department following sudden onset of back pain, with attendant loss of power and sensation in the lower half of his body and urinary retention. Onset occurred while he was seated in a chair and he fell as he tried to get ...

PURPOSE: To compare nongated three-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) with 3D-navigated cardiac-gated steady-state free-precession bright blood (3D-nav SSFP) and noncontrast 2D techniques for ascending aorta dimension measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five clinical exams were reviewed to evaluate the ascending aorta at 1.5T using: breathhold cine bright blood (SSFP), ...

PURPOSE: In circular cone-beam microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), it is likely that the length of the Field of View (FOV) of a single acquisition is shorter than the total length of the object to be imaged, such as a rat in the case of preclinical application of micro-CT. This leads to ...

INTRODUCTION: Ewings sarcoma (ES) is a rare tumor, most commonly encountered within the long bones during the first 20 years of life. CASE REPORT: We report the sixth case of ES of the zygoma, occurring in a 31-year-old male, and presenting a unique reconstructive opportunity. Diagnosis and preoperative planning were ...

Infestation of young apple fruits by the larvae of the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), was studied by a small dedicated micro-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus using the three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo method and the two-dimensional (2D) and 3D spin-echo methods. Changes from a young larva at 1.8 ...

AIM: The aims of this report are to present a case of nonsyndromic multiple supernumerary teeth and a discussion of the value of three-dimensional computerized tomography (3D CT) for precise radiographic imaging of the anomaly. BACKGROUND: Multiple supernumerary teeth without any associated syndromes are very rare. Exact radiographic presentations with ...

Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has previously been validated for measuring wear volume in polyethylene acetabular liners. The creation of 3-dimensional (3D) articular and backside surface deviation maps using micro-CT is described. An acetabular liner was retrieved after 16.7 years of implantation and scanned with micro-CT along with a new, never-implanted liner ...

Talocalcaneal coalitions can be difficult to detect on plain radiographs, despite obvious clinical findings. The purpose of this study is two-fold: (1) to delineate the benefits of thin-cut computed tomography (CT) and 3D reconstructions and (2) to develop a classification scheme for talocalcaneal coalitions that will provide valuable information for ...

BACKGROUND: The increased use of hybrid SPECT-CT systems in myocardial perfusion imaging calls for a careful review of protocols that are employed in data acquisition and processing. Our study investigates the cases of potential false perfusion defects that may appear in cardiac images reconstructed with CT-based attenuation correction and high-resolution ...

Mummies are human remains with preservation of non-bony tissue. Mummification by natural influences results in so-called natural mummies, while mummification induced by active (human) intervention results in so-called artificial mummies, although many cultures practiced burial rites which to some degree involved both natural and artificial mummification. Since they are so ...

Katsevich reconstruction algorithm represents a breakthrough for helical cone-beam computed tomography (CT) reconstruction, because it is the first exact cone-beam reconstruction algorithm of filtered backprojection (FBP) type with 1-D shift-invariant filtering. Although FBP-type reconstruction algorithm is effective, 3-D CT reconstruction is time-consuming, and the accelerations of Katsevich algorithm on CPU ...

PURPOSE: The individual visualization of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves has been a troublesome issue. After the recent developments in the microsurgical field, the detailed knowledge of the relationship of these nerves and the tumour has gained importance. The purpose of this study is to compare the visibility of ...

To encourage routine use of 2D multiplanar reconstructions (MRPs) and 3D renderings when interpreting noncontrast computed tomography (CT) of the kidney, as this practice can unveil findings related to the kidney or its vasculature that are not apparent on axial sections. Inspecting the kidneys or characterizing CT findings with both ...

Hemodynamics is thought to play a very important role in the initiation, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. The purpose of our study was to compare hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysms of MR fluid dynamics (MRFD) using 3D cine PC MR imaging (4D-Flow) at 1.5 T and MR-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD). ...

Two-dimensional micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) slices can be reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) models that demonstrate capillary beds. This study focused on the acquisition of data necessary to create scaffolding that directly mimics the unique structural patterns of a microvascular tree system. The Microfil vascular contrasting method was compared to the Baston's ...

Computed tomography is a widely used technique to study the inner structure of opaque samples using the material-dependent attenuation of x-rays. Microcomputed tomography follows the same principles used for conventional medical CT scanners, but improves the spatial resolution to a few micrometers. As an example for the application of x-ray ...

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to build a 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of pelvic magnetic resonance images and evaluate the clinical value in anorectal malformations (ARMs). METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed on a 1.5-T magnet. Sagittal, coronal, and transverse turbo spin-echo T1-weighted and fast spin-echo T2-weighted images of the ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is widely recognised as the modality of choice for imaging soft tissue such as the target volume and critical structures relevant to high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy of the cervix. This work sets out to assess some of the issues faced when introducing ...

A case of an isolated astragalo-scaphoid dislocation following a fall from a motorbike is reported. Due to the diagnostic obscurity of the full extent of the injury, computed tomography (CT) with 3D reconstruction was utilized to precisely visualize the articular condition and revealed the presence of small intra-articular bone fragments ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of applying the shells trajectory to single-phase contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Several methods were developed to overcome the challenges of the clinical implementation of shells including off-resonance blurring (eg, from lipid signal), aliasing artifacts, and long reconstruction times. These methods included: 1) ...

CONCLUSION: The rendering strategy sometimes induces misunderstanding of the image. We demonstrated a more accurate image of the bony groove of the reuniting duct using three-dimensional (3D) cone beam CT image, which was less affected by artifacts created by the rendering effect. OBJECTIVE: To obtain a suitable image of the ...

The diagnosis and management strategies of double teeth have largely relied on clinical examination and conventional radiographic findings. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (Cone-beam CT) was developed in the late 1990's and, therefore, is a relatively recent addition to the imaging armamentarium for use in Maxillofacial Radiology. There have been no publications ...

Quantitative three-dimensional (3D) chemical mapping using angle-scan spectro-tomography in a scanning transmission (soft) X-ray microscope (STXM) has been used for the first time to characterize the early stages of CaCO(3) biomineral nucleation on the surface of planktonic freshwater cyanobacterial cells of the strain Synechococcus leopoliensis PCC 7942. The apparatus for ...

PURPOSE: To investigate two-dimensional (2D) radiograph-based plans using three-dimensional (3D) dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters following guidelines from Gynecologic GEC-ESTRO Working Group (GEC-ESTRO). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Nineteen high-dose-rate (HDR) fractions from 8 patients were studied. Prescription was 45 Gy from external beam radiation therapy plus 30 Gy in five fractions from ...

This study tests the hypothesis that 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT) reconstructions improve interobserver agreement on classification and treatment of coronoid fractures compared with 2-dimensional CT. A total of 29 orthopedic surgeons evaluated 10 coronoid fractures on 2 occasions (first with radiographs and 2-dimensional CT and then with radiographs and 3-dimensional ...

A fully automated and three-dimensional (3D) segmentation method for the identification of the pulmonary parenchyma in thorax X-ray computed tomography (CT) datasets is proposed. It is meant to be used as pre-processing step in the computer-assisted detection (CAD) system for malignant lung nodule detection that is being developed by the ...

The 3D architecture of the mandible contributes to the functional and morphological characteristics of the lower one third of craniofacial region. The mandible has six distinct functional units, and its architecture is the sum of balanced growth of each functional unit and surrounding matrix. A dentofacial deformity (DFD) with malocclusion ...

Multi-slice CT (MSCT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) are widely used in dental practice. This study compared the spatial resolution of these CT systems to elucidate which CT modalities should be selected for various clinical cases. As MSCT and CBCT apparatuses, Somatom Sensation 64 and 3D Accuitomo instruments, respectively, were used. ...

PURPOSE: To analyze the 3D microarchitecture of rat lumbar vertebrae by micro-magnetic resonance imaging (micro-MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: micro-MR images (20 x 20 x 20 microm(3) apparent voxel size) were acquired with a three-dimensional spin-echo pulse sequence on four lumbar vertebrae of two rats. Apparent microarchitectural parameters like trabecular bone ...

Computed tomography (CT) devices are routinely employed to obtain three-dimensional images of the human body. The reconstructed CT numbers represent weighted x-ray attenuation coefficients. Their spectral weighting is influenced by the selected x-ray source spectrum, the detector characteristics, and the attenuating object itself. The quantitative ground truth of the scanned ...

A concept is proposed to simplify patient positioning and scan planning to improve ease of use and workflow in MR. After patient preparation in front of the scanner the operator selects the anatomy of interest by a single push-button action. Subsequently, the patient table is moved automatically into the scanner, ...

Generation of finite element (FE) meshes of vertebrae from computed tomography (CT) scans is labour intensive due to their geometric complexity. As such, techniques that simplify creation of meshes of vertebrae are needed to make FE analysis feasible for large studies and clinical applications. Techniques to obtain a geometric representation ...