BACKGROUND: For any new vaginal dosage form, the distribution and retention in the vagina has to be assessed by in vivo evaluation. We evaluated the vaginal distribution and retention of starch-based pellets in sheep as live animal model by gamma scintigraphy (using Indium-111 DTPA as radiolabel) and in women via ...

Despite a more physiological morphology of atrial anastomosis in the bicaval technique with respect to standard biatrial anastomosis in orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT), the impact on the long-term outcome is still not clear. In this retrospective study, we sought to investigate the morphology and function of the atria through magnetic ...

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare and aggressive tumour. Inferior vena caval (IVC) involvement by the tumour thrombus is a rare phenomenon, and extension into the right atrium is even more rare. We describe a patient with Cushing's syndrome for whom (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT showed FDG avid right adrenal mass with ...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To study electrical cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation as a potential cause of acute ischemic brain lesions. METHODS: We performed prospective analysis of 62 consecutive patients (62 [10] years, 16 female). All of them were anticoagulated for at least 3 weeks with an international normalized ratio ...

The occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR), is related to the degree of left atrial (LA) myopathy, remodeling and fibrosis, that are responsible of LA electrical inhomogeneity and abnormal conduction velocities. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has recently enabled the quantification of longitudinal myocardial LA ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the orientational dependencies of T(2) and T(1ρ) in native and trypsin-degraded bovine nasal cartilage, with and without the presence of 1 mM Gd-DTPA(2-). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen specimens were prepared in two orthogonal fibril directions (parallel and perpendicular), treated using different protocols (native, Gd treated, trypsin-treated, and combination), ...

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study assesses relative contributions of "midline defects" (widening of the vagina) and "paravaginal defects" (separation of the lateral vagina from the pelvic sidewall). METHODS: Ten women with anterior predominant prolapse and ten with normal support underwent pelvic MR imaging. 3-D models of the anterior vaginal wall ...

Coagulation necrosis is a peculiar type of ischemic necrosis that is characterized by firm, eosinophilic parenchyma with recognizable cell outlines without massive glial reactions. This is an autopsy report of coagulation necrosis 6 months after thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator therapy against massive cerebral embolism in an 84-year-old man with atrial ...

The vagina can easily be overlooked at ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed for nongynecologic indications. Even when gynecologic disease is suspected, the vagina may be underevaluated at routine pelvic US due to probe positioning and at CT due to poor vaginal tissue characterization. Although ...

Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold-standard imaging technique in cases of Müllerian and vaginal anomalies, however, vaginal delineation often proves difficult, owing to the fact that vaginal walls are normally collapsed and in close proximity. Instilling gel through the introitus allows for better depiction of the distal vagina.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether atrial fibrillation (AF) might cause significant mitral regurgitation (MR), and to see whether this MR improves with restoration of sinus rhythm. BACKGROUND: MR can be classified by leaflet pathology (organic/primary and functional/secondary) and by leaflet motion (normal, excessive, restrictive). The ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the electrophysiologic characteristics of Crista terminalis (CT) and their implication in the pathogenesis of atrial tachycardia in rabbits. For this purpose, 27 New Zealand rabbits were used. Using standard glass microelectrode technique, cellular action potentials (APs) of CT and pectinate muscle (PM) ...

AimsChest computed tomography (CT) scanning is increasingly used as an imaging technique in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation. Chest CT scans visualize organs other than the heart and collateral findings may be identified incidentally. Our study aims to assess the prevalence and clinical relevance of such collateral findings ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency with which interatrial shunts are found during routine coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography and to describe imaging characterizations of patent foramen ovale (PFO), atrial septal defect (ASD), and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA). A total of 1081 adult patients were evaluated ...

Background:  Radiofrequency ablation has became a validated therapeutic technique for symptomatic drug refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate left atrial (LA) anatomy in order to improve AF ablation. The analysis of noncardiac structures during cardiac CT may identify clinically significant incidental findings (IFs). The ...

A prominent crista terminalis is a normal anatomic variant which consist of thick muscular bridge within the right atrium. However, it could be often misdiagnosed with an abnormal mass on the transthoracic echocardiography. The case report presented here, describe the findings of transthoracic echocardiography that suggested a right atrial mass ...

OBJECTIVES: To prospectively investigate diagnostic value and tolerability of MRI after intra-vaginal gel opacification for diagnosis and preoperative assessment of deeply infiltrating endometriosis. METHODS: Sixty-three women with clinical suspicion of deeply infiltrating endometriosis were previously examined with trans-vaginal ultrasonography and then with MRI pre and post administration of vaginal gel. ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine agreement between clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (rectal contrast and noncontrast MRI) for pelvic organ prolapse using both the pubococcygeal line (PCL) and the midpubic line (MPL) and to assess the relationship between measurements performed relative to ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A noninvasive method with high reliability and accuracy comparable to transesophageal echocardiography for identification of left atrial appendage thrombus would be of significant clinical value. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of a dual-enhanced cardiac CT protocol for detection of left atrial ...

BACKGROUND: -Precise knowledge of left atrial appendage (LAA) orifice size is crucial for correct sizing of LAA closure devices. Aim of the present study was to determine the performance of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3DTEE) for LAA orifice size assessment, compared to two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2DTEE), and to investigate the ...

The aim of this study was to assess acute ablation injuries seen on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) immediately post-ablation (IPA) and the association with permanent scar 3 months post-ablation (3moPA). Success rates for atrial fibrillation catheter ablation vary significantly, in part because of limited information about ...

Summary The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of post-caesarean section scar defects (PCSD) on transvaginal ultrasound and to correlate these with the presence of abnormal menstrual bleeding. We reviewed the pelvic ultrasound images of 318 women referred for a gynaecological scan in a private women's ultrasound ...

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for assessing pulmonary vein (PV) anatomy and stenosis after ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), but radiation exposure can be a concern. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) provides anatomic and functional assessment of the PVs, although no study has prospectively compared findings on TEE with those ...

ABSTRACT: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition affecting more than half of the women above age 40. The estimated lifetime risk of needing surgical management for POP is 11%. In patients undergoing POP surgery of the anterior vaginal wall, the re-operation rate is 30%. The recurrence risk is especially ...

Background: Atrial Fibrillation, Ablation, Stroke and Silent MRI Lesions.

Recently contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography (CT) was found to be useful for imaging the left atrium and pulmonary veins (PVs) before radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, the risks of contrast agent in patients with impaired renal function must be considered. We investigated the accuracy of low-dose ...

A 73-year-old woman was referred for treatment of left atrial (LA) myxoma. At surgery, a myxoma was attached to the left atrial side of the fossa ovalis in the atrial septum by a stalk and was transmurally excised with a margin of the atrial septum. The atrial septum was closed ...

Over the last fifteen years, our understanding of the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) has paved the way for ablation to be utilized as an effective treatment option. With the aim of gaining more detailed anatomical representation, advances have been made using various imaging modalities, both before and during the ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the pictorial essay is to show the MR imaging (MRI) findings associated with deep pelvic endometriosis. CONCLUSION: MRI is an excellent imaging modality for the evaluation of patients with deep pelvic endometriosis, showing high accuracy in the diagnosis and prediction of disease extent. Its multiplanar capabilities ...

The endoscopic expanded endonasal approach (EEA) has been reported in literature as a useful tool to treat sellar, parasellar, suprasellar, and clival lesions. The endoscope permits a panoramic view rather than a narrow microscopic view, and this approach can reach the lesion without brain retraction and with minimal neurovascular manipulation. ...

Many athletes struggle with groin pain for years without ever receiving a clear diagnosis or being offered an effective treatment plan. Confusion among treatment providers can also frequently lead to suboptimal surgeries for presumed hernias or nerve entrapment syndromes. Imaging, and in particular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, should play a ...

The spectrum of female urethral and periurethral disorders includes both benign and malignant entities. Establishing an accurate clinical diagnosis may be challenging because symptoms and physical findings frequently overlap among the various entities. Recent technologic advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and ultrasonography (US) allow more detailed evaluation of urethral ...

Acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) remains a significant clinical challenge and the ability to predict, at an early stage, those individuals at risk of colectomy for medically refractory UC (MR-UC) would be a major clinical advance. The aim of this study was to use a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in ...

Biomechanical properties of the human tongue are needed for finite element models of the upper airway and may be important to elucidate the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apneoa. Tongue viscoelastic properties have not been characterized previously. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging imaging technique that can measure the viscoelastic ...

Multiple lines of evidence indicated that microarray analysis has a better diagnostic yield of clinically significant genetic changes than do conventional methods in patients with constitutional abnormalities. However, interpretation of microarray data is complicated by the presence of both novel and recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) of unknown significance. To ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) for an anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction (PBJ). METHODS: This study included 26 patients who underwent MR imaging, MDCT, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Seventeen of the patients were diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as ...

Background: Astrocytoma is the most common neuroepithelial neoplasm, and its grading greatly affects treatment and prognosis. Objective: According to relevant factors of astrocytoma, this study developed a support vector machine (SVM) model to predict the astrocytoma grades and compared the SVM prediction with the clinician's diagnostic performance. Patients and Methods: ...

PURPOSE: To develop and validate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocols for quantitative assessment of the structural and functional properties of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and to compare MR imaging detection of reflux events against concurrent manometry as a reference method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The local ethics committee approved this study, ...

Epilepsy is a disease requiring chronic therapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Many conventional AEDs currently available have either too rapid an absorption or elimination, requiring the patient to take multiple doses per day, which may adversely impact adherence or cause peak-related side-effects. Consequently, some AEDs with immediate-release characteristics have been ...

There is growing interest in exploring and using functional imaging techniques to provide additional information on structural alterations in the liver, which often occur late in the disease process. This article presents a summary of the different functional MR imaging techniques currently in use, focusing on dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, ...

We report the CT and MR findings in a 30-year-old man with extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) involving the left neural foramen at L5-S1 level. The patient was evaluated with preoperative lumbosacral CT and MR imaging and postoperative lumbosacral MR imaging. The lesion was hyperdense on CT, isointense on T1- and ...

BACKROUND AND PURPOSE: The optimal imaging method for the diagnosis of VAD remains undefined. Our aim was to evaluate the added value of HR-MR imaging for the diagnosis of VAD. We retrospectively extracted 35 consecutive patients suspected of having acute VAD who had the following: 1) a focal lumen abnormality ...

BACKGROUND: Exposure to gadolinium in patients with kidney disease has been linked to risk of developing nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued warnings against the use of gadolinium in this population. We studied the impact of these warnings on the use of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic ...

We designed a survey to investigate current international management trends of neonates with lumbar midline skin stigmata suspicious of tethered cord, among pediatric neurosurgeons, focusing on the lower risk stigmata, simple dimples, deviated gluteal folds, and discolorations. Our findings will enable physicians to assess their current diagnosis routine and aid ...

AIM: To propose a new computed tomography (CT)-based classification system for non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), which predicts patients' discharge clinical outcome and helps to prioritize appropriate patient management. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 5-year, retrospective, two-centre study was carried out involving 1486 patients presenting with SAH. One hundred and ninety patients ...

The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed description of cross-sectional anatomic structures of the manus of a black bear cadaver and correlate anatomic findings with corresponding features in computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. CT, MR imaging, and transverse sectioning were performed on the thoracic ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients after resection of Morton neuroma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the institutional review board. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Fifty-eight consecutive patients (46 women, 12 men) who had ...

Unlike other reproductive organs, the uterus and ovaries are known to undergo dynamic morphologic changes according to various physiologic states. It is vitally important for radiologists when diagnosing gynecologic disorders to understand how normal female reproductive organs appear on magnetic resonance (MR) images for a given physiologic state. The authors ...

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is used with increasing frequency to evaluate the neonatal brain because it can provide important diagnostic and prognostic information that is needed for optimal treatment and appropriate counseling. Special care must be taken in preparing encephalopathic neonates for an MR study, transporting them from the intensive ...

OBJECTIVE: This article focuses on the anatomy of the mylohyoid muscle, a crucial landmark in imaging of the oral cavity and upper neck, showing dissected specimens and CT and MR images. CONCLUSION: Identification of the relationship of a lesion in the sublingual space to the mylohyoid muscle using MDCT and ...