Sixty-two patients with coccidioidal meningitis underwent neuroimaging. Magnetic resonance imaging detected neuroimaging abnormalities in 76% of patients, and computed tomography scanning detected neuroimaging abnormalities in 41.6%. The most common abnormal neuroimaging findings were hydrocephalus (51.6%), basilar meningitis (46.8%), and cerebral infarction (38.7%). Significantly elevated mortality rates were associated with hydrocephalus ...

A cerebral aneurysm is a weakened portion of an artery in the brain. When a cerebral aneurysm ruptures, a specific type of bleeding known as a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) occurs. The diagnosis of a SAH is made only after an aneurysm ruptures. Unfortunately, there is no rapid method of screening ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether cerebral CT findings taken immediately after successful resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) correlate with the outcome or not. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively brain sections with the Housfield unit (CT number). Between May 2001 and March 2004, 16 consecutive patients, who recovered from CPA, were ...

Rapid imaging of cerebral perfusion in acute stroke is needed for timely triage of patients for thrombolytic therapy. Accurate quantitative perfusion imaging is required for proper assessment of penumbral brain parenchyma truly at risk for extension of infarction from the irreversible core infarction. CT and MRI techniques offer rapidity and ...

Computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging is a technique for the measurement of cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and time-to-peak or mean transit time. The technique involves the administration of a single-bolus dose of iodinated contrast material, followed by spiral CT imaging during the passage of the contrast bolus through ...

The objective of the study was to evaluate radiation-induced cerebral injury on dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSCE) perfusion MR imaging and study its relationship with morphological severity and disease progression. Thirty-one patients with known radiation injury to the temporal lobes where studied. Gradient and spin-echo T2-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted and DSCE perfusion ...

AIMS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is accepted as the gold standard for the diagnosis of arterial cerebral infarction (ACI), but few studies have reported the incidence of neonatal ACI based on MRI findings. We provide new population-based epidemiologic and diagnostic data on all infants diagnosed between 1997 and 2002 in ...

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can be complicated by reduction of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) from large conductance vessels leading to focal edema appearing as an area of hypoattenuation on CT. In this study we included 29 patients with SAH due to aneurysmal rupture, having 36 CT low density areas ...

Perfusion normally refers to the delivery of blood at the level of capillaries. Hemodynamic perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been used in clinics for a series of applications including tumor characterization (histological type diagnosis and grading), diagnosis and the follow up of stroke, and several other disorders. For this ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify suitable applications for cerebral MR (magnetic resonance) scanning in cases of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia through comparison of clinical course and easily accessible parameters. METHODS: From January 2001 to December 2003, cerebral MR scans were performed on 43 women with severe ...

After a short historical note on the diversion of the vascular concept of dementia from that of primary degeneration, this review describes cerebral deterioration on vascular grounds in three levels. Occlusions of big vessels with a single major infarct, middle calibre vasculopathy with multiple lacunes and finally microangiopathy causing leukoaraiosis--all ...

Summary: Vascular recanalization by the vascular reconstruction method can dramatically improve ischemic symptoms in patients with acute cerebral ischemia. However, this treatment method is frequently associated with haemorrhagic complications. The indications for this therapeutic approach have been described in a number of studies in the literature. The present paper discusses ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hyperperfusion syndrome (HS) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been related to impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation in a chronically hypoperfused hemisphere. Our aim was to provide new insight into the pathophysiology of the HS using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). METHODS: ...

Within recent years, the broad introduction of fast multi-detector computed tomography (CT) systems and the availability of commercial software for perfusion analysis have made cerebral perfusion imaging with CT a practical technique for the clinical environment. The technique is widely available at low cost, accurate and easy to perform. Perfusion ...

A case of cerebral infarction with transient cerebral arteriopathy in a 12-year-old female is described. The child showed with an acute onset of left hemiplegia, central facial palsy and aphasia. She was diagnosed with right internal carotid artery obstruction with no predisposing factors for cerebral infarction. A serial MR image ...

Advances in noninvasive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance perfusion imaging have been found useful in grading cerebral neoplasms and have potential for significant clinical benefit. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between tumor vessel tortuosity as measured from vessels extracted from magnetic resonance angiograms (MRA) ...

BACKGROUND: Factors affecting the angiographic recanalization (AR) and clinical improvement (CI) still remain unclear in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy. OBJECTIVES: To elucidate factors related to AR and early CI in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. DESIGNS: Retrospective study. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Asan ...

Papaverine is used to vasodilate cerebral arteries undergoing vasospasm from subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, papaverine inhibits cellular respiration in vitro and could cause neurotoxicity in humans. We studied 5 consecutive patients with cerebral vasospasm who were treated with intra-arterial papaverine preserved with chlorobutanol and imaged with MRI fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and ...

Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are common variants of cerebral venous drainage that are typically incidental findings on contrast-enhanced MR imaging studies. We present four cases of asymptomatic DVAs that demonstrate increased cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, mean transit time, and time to peak on perfusion MR images. Our study ...

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) include perioperative cerebral ischemia, postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion, and postoperative anticoagulation therapy, and at least 2 of these risk factors are typically present in the context of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). CASE DESCRIPTION: A 75-year-old man with severe bilateral cervical internal carotid ...

Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) or scleroderma is a multisystem disease affecting the skin, lungs, myocardium, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. Primary involvement of cerebral arteries in PSS has been reported but is very rare. A 61-year-old woman suffering from scleroderma for six years was hospitalised for two subsequent episodes of transient ...

The interrelationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings, types of cerebral palsy, and gestation was studied. We analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging of brain in 122 children with spastic cerebral palsy. Forty-three patients had spastic hemiplegia, 61 had spastic diplegia, and 18 had spastic tetraplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were observed ...

The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the utility of perfusion MRI in cerebral gliomas showing imperceptible contrast enhancement on conventional MRI, and to evaluate the relationships of perfusion MRI and magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic results in these tumours. Twenty-two patients with histopathologically proven cerebral gliomas and showing ...

Cerebral hydatid disease is very rare, representing only 2% of all cerebral space occupying lesions even in the countries where the disease is endemic. The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristic features of cerebral hydatid disease in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We retrospectively ...

Parents and clinicians concerned about high-risk infants and children with motor delay or cerebral palsy seek information on cause, treatment, prognosis, and recurrence risk. Used in combination with history and examination, neuroimaging studies can improve diagnosis and management. In premature infants, cranial ultrasound is a reliable, noninvasive diagnostic modality. Nuclear ...

Epilepsy is a heterogeneous condition and it is likely that susceptibility factors and genetic predisposition interact with acquired influences such as seizures, AEDs, cerebral insults, subclinical seizures,and ongoing neurodegenerative processes to render certain individuals selectively vulnerable to cerebral damage. There is currently in substantial evidence to suggest that neuroprotective treatments ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare brain perfusion-computed tomography (CT) results with invasive cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) monitoring in severe head trauma patients. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Emergency room and surgical intensive care unit of our hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty-one severe head trauma patients. INTERVENTIONS: We prospectively collected 103 perfusion-CT examinations with simultaneous ...

A 32-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 2, presented with a severe headache 5 days after she had a vaginal delivery with epidural anesthesia. Nine days later she had neurologic symptoms develop. Magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral angiogram were abnormal with evidence of a vasculitis consistent with postpartum cerebral angiopathy. The ...

Clinical and histopathological findings hint at regional differences in the brain's sensitivity to metabolic changes in cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to examine regional differences in cerebral ammonia metabolism in patients with cirrhosis and grade 0-to-I hepatic encephalopathy (HE). (13)N-ammonia, (15)O-water positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic ...

PURPOSE: To assess the prognostic value of admission perfusion computed tomography (CT) in patients with severe head trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 130 patients with severe trauma, aged 19-86 years, admitted with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less. They underwent perfusion CT as part ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the utility of functional and morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the extent of brain injury in a hypoxia-ischemia (HI) piglet model and further to validate that the desired ischemic injury was successfully induced. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI was performed at 1.5 T in anesthetized piglets ...

Phase inversion harmonic imaging (PIHI) with newer contrast agents can display parameters of cerebral perfusion either using the established ipsilateral approach, or the novel bilateral approach in which both hemispheres are assessed in one examination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of PIHI in detecting pathological ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preoperative differentiation of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) from other tumors is important for presurgical staging, intraoperative management, and postoperative treatment. Dynamic, susceptibility-weighted, contrast-enhanced MR imaging can provide in vivo assessment of the microvasculature in intracranial mass lesions. The purpose of this study was to determine the perfusion ...

A 29-yr-old chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) presented after an acute onset of right facial and forearm paresis that progressed to paralysis within 24 hr, with subsequent development of right leg paresis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed an abnormal region of increased signal intensity in the left frontal, parietal, ...

BACKGROUND: Hemispheric tumors produced electroencephalographic (EEG) delta activity mainly due to deafferentation of cerebral cortex. In small, deep midline lesions that compressed cerebral arteries, the most important abnormality should have been in EEG theta band that selectively responded to brain ischemia. Frequency domain-variable resolution electromagnetic tomography (FD-VARETA) has been applied ...

Familial incontinentia pigmenti (IP) (OMIM #308300) is a rare genetic disorder which segregates in an X-linked dominant way. The female-to-male ratio ranges from 20 to 37 : 1. In affected females IP causes highly variable abnormalities of the skin, hair, nails, teeth, eyes, and central nervous system (CNS). Cardiovascular anomalies, ...

BACKGROUND: Cerebral microbleeds, which result from microangiopathic changes following chronic hypertension, may reflect bleeding-prone microangiopathy. However, the distribution of these lesions has not been compared with that of lacunes, which represent occlusive type microangiopathy. OBJECTIVES: To compare the cerebral distribution of microbleeds and lacunes and correlate their severity. METHODS: The ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A significant proportion of patients with lacunar infarctions experience neurologic deterioration after onset. However, no clinical examination has been established for prediction of the progress of symptoms. To determine the hemodynamic predictors of such progression, we performed perfusion CT to quantitatively assess cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral ...

The objective of this report was to explore the clinical features of patients with cerebral infarction due to giant cell (temporal) arteritis (GCA) and its characteristic changes in pathology, and on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Three cases of cerebral infarction due to GCA, treated during the ...

Cerebral perfusion was assessed with 13C MRI in a rat model after intravenous injections of the 13C-labeled compound bis-1,1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-13C-cyclopropane-D8 in aqueous solutions hyperpolarized by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Since the tracer acted as a direct signal source, several of the problems associated with techniques based on traditional dynamic susceptibility contrast ...

We describe a 25-year-old woman that presented with frequent rotational dizziness, visual loss of the right eye one month later, and unilateral deafness one year after. After 2 years, she presented with a right hemiparesis and deafness greater for low frequency tones. Magnetic resonance imaging with angiography of the brain ...

Nephrolithiasis is a known complication of the use of sulfadiazine in the treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Radiographic diagnosis of this complication has historically been challenging. Between March 1999 and June 2002, 11 patients were treated for cerebral toxoplasmosis with sulfadiazine-containing therapy. Four of these patients (36.4%) developed nephrolithiasis during this ...

We describe MR findings in three patients who experienced transient cortical blindness following cerebral angiograms. All angiograms were performed by using the same nonionic contrast medium. On the basis of similar clinical and radiologic findings, we believe that this entity is closely related to and probably has the same pathophysiology ...

Seizures, which may be the main expression of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (CAVM) can be difficult to control medically. Our goal was to use perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in correlation with clinical data to detect abnormal areas of the cerebrum related to a particular type of CAVM (proliferative angiopathy) and to study ...

Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis is a standard surgical therapeutic option in patients with moyamoya disease. Most patients experience improvement in their clinical symptoms immediately after surgery. The authors report on the case of a 39-year-old man with moyamoya disease who suffered from temporary and frequent neurological deterioration ...

To study the dynamic changes of CT perfusion parameters during the first 12 h in the embolic cerebral ischemia models. Local cerebral ischemia model were established in 7 New Zealand white rabbits. All CT scans were performed with a GE Lightspeed 16 multislice CT. Following the baseline scan, further CT ...

BACKGROUND: Various supratentorial pathological conditions can mimic neoplastic cerebral lesions clinically as well as radiologically. Analysis of the neuroradiological findings, the clinical history, laboratory and other paraclinical data mostly help to narrow down the diagnosis of cerebral pathologies. Sometimes, however, histopathological analysis of the operative specimen after surgery reveals unexpected ...

The early stage of experimentally induced secondary cerebral alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in rats was investigated by use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunoblot (western blot) analyses. Thirty-six female Wistar rats (6 to 8 weeks old) were injected intracranially with a 10% homogenate of echinococcal larval tissues in which the ...

PURPOSE: To analyze the precision of cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements made with continuous arterial spin labeling(CASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over experimentally relevant intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CASL perfusion MRI measurements of CBF on a 1.5-T GE Signa magnet were repeated in young healthy male and female subjects ...

OBJECTIVES: To study the vascular perfusion patterns of focal intracerebral tubercular lesions using echoplanar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-derived relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps. METHODS: Seventeen focal tubercular lesions were evaluated with conventional and perfusion-weighted MR imaging on a 1.5-T MR system. The rCBVs of the center, peripheral wall, and ...