Arterial spin-labeled (ASL) perfusion imaging can be implemented successfully into a routine clinical neuroimaging protocol and can accurately demonstrate alterations in brain perfusion. We have observed patterns of focal, regional, and global hyperperfusion in a wide variety of disease processes. The causes of hyperperfusion at clinical ASL have not been ...

OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of computed tomography (CT)-detected cerebral lesions in a population-based sample of elderly persons living in Göteborg, Sweden. METHODS: Cerebral CT-scans were performed in the case of 466 women (mean age 74.3 +/- 5.1 years) and 191 70-year-old men. A single rater assessed white matter lesions ...

OBJECTIVE: Acute confusion (AC) is a frequent reason for hospital admission in elderly patients. Although in majority of cases the cause is a systemic disorder (e.g., dehydration or septicaemia), patients are frequently subjected to cerebral imaging. This study was undertaken to find clinical predictors of normal cerebral computed tomography (CCT) ...

A 2-month-old mix-breed calf developed acute blindness and ataxia. Serum thiamine concentration was deficient. In antemortem magnetic resonance imaging there were laminar T2-hyperintense regions extending along the cerebral cortex that primarily affected the gray matter. The lesions were relatively symmetric between the left and right hemispheres but no abnormalities were ...

We studied the association between plaque vascularity, timing of neurological and ocular symptoms, and presence of cerebral infarction in the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere on preoperative computed tomographic (CT) scan. Consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for carotid stenosis were included. All patients underwent preoperative noncontrast cerebral CT. Histological sections were obtained ...

We describe a 69-year-old woman who developed subacute onset cognitive decline after hitting the left side of her head. Cerebral spinal fluid showed yellowish discoloration with highly elevated protein content. FLAIR MRI revealed diffuse high signal intensity in all cortical sulci, and leptomeningeal enhancement in the left cerebral hemisphere was ...

White-matter hyperintensities (WMHs) detected by magnetic resonance imaging are thought to represent the effects of cerebral small-vessel disease and neurodegenerative changes. We sought to determine whether the spatial distribution of WMHs discriminates between different disease groups and healthy aging individuals and whether these distributions are related to local cerebral perfusion ...

A variety of etiologies underlie the neurophysiological imbalance resulting in chorea. We report a 57-year-old woman with a long-history of migraine who suddenly experienced concurrent scintillating scotoma and rapid involuntary movement of her neck and right extremities. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) failed to detect any fresh ischemic and/or hemorrhagic ...

The American Academy of Neurology now recommends that all cases of cerebral palsy of unknown origin undergo neuroimaging. Controversy surrounds this recommendation because of concerns about the adequacy of the supporting evidence. This article reviews the evidence provided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging studies in ...

The ability to visualize perfusion territories in the brain is important for many clinical applications. The aim of this overview is to highlight the possibilities of selective arterial spin-labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques in the assessment of the perfusion territories of the cerebral arteries. In the past decade, ...

BACKGROUND: Schistosoma japonicum is the most widespread schistosoma in the world. Although gastrointestinal system involvement with S japonicum appears to be considerably common, cerebral schistosomiasis is not frequent. Cerebral schistosomiasis japonica intestinal and hepatosplenic involvement is more rare. We collected 2 cases of cerebral schistosomiasis identified by pathological diagnosis, lacking ...

The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate a clinical protocol including transcranial doppler (TCD), Xenon-CT (Xe-CT) and angiography, for the detection of vasospasm leading to critical reductions of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in both ventilated and sedated SAH patients, i.e. patients in whom clinical evaluation was not ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare simple visual grading of perfusion CT (PCT) maps to a more quantitative, threshold-based interpretation of PCT parameters in the characterization of presence and severity of vasospasm. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage were enrolled in a prospective study and underwent ...

Nattokinase is used as a health-promoting medicine for preventing thrombosis due to its fibrinolytic activity. Cerebral microbleed is remnant of blood extravasations from the damaged vessels related to cerebral microangiopathies. We report a patient, having used aspirin for secondary stroke prevention, who had an acute cerebellar hemorrhage after taking nattokinase ...

BACKGROUND: Focal ischemia may affect patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and the potential evolution of cerebral infarction may greatly influence the patients' outcome. The aim of the study was to assess the values of regional cortical cerebral blood flow (rCBF) thresholds predictive for ischemia during the acute phase of ...

BACKGROUND: Several authors have found low absolute values of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in both contusion core and pericontusional parenchyma ofhead-injured patients by means of Xenon Computed Tomography (CT). Perfusion CT has become available as a new and validated tool for studying CBF in patients. The aim of the present ...

The detection of asymptomatic lacunar infarcts on magnetic resonance (MR) images is important because their presence indicates an increased risk of severe cerebral infarction. However, accurate identification of lacunar infarcts on MR images is often hard for radiologists because of the difficulty in distinguishing lacunar infarcts and enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces. ...

BACKGROUND: In patients with ischemic stroke, computer tomography (CT) perfusion imaging provides rapid information on the penumbra adjacent to the infarct core. For neurosurgical patients with acute brain injury, the value of CT perfusion is undecided up to now. We present our experience in a series of 78 examinations in ...

Computed tomography scan findings are described in cerebral arterial gas embolism in two patients with right to left intracardiac shunts by accidental injection of air during intravenous therapy. Although imaging may not be necessary to diagnose the condition, the patient may be referred to CT scan as a case of ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The detection and management of asymptomatic lacunar infarcts on magnetic resonance (MR) images are important tasks for radiologists to ensure the prevention of severe cerebral infarctions. However, accurate identification of the lacunar infarcts on MR images is a difficult task for the radiologists. Therefore the purpose of ...

The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical and histopathological findings in a canine model of ischemic stroke. Cerebral ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in four healthy beagle dogs using silicone plugs. They showed neurological signs of forebrain dysfunction such as reduced responsiveness, ...

This study had institutional review board approval; informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study purpose was to prospectively determine whether a longer arterial transit time (ATT), from the proximal vasculature in the neck toward the distal end branches of the intracranial arteries, can be utilized to identify cerebral ...

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the value of perfusion-CT (PCT) for assessment of traumatic cerebral contusions (TCC) and to compare the abilities of early noncontrast CT and PCT modalities to evaluate tissue viability. METHODS: PCT studies performed in 30 patients suffering from TCC during the acute phase of their illness were retrospectively ...

AIM: To assess the potential diagnostic value of the low-dose computed tomography (CT) component of dual-examination single photon emission CT and CT (SPECTCT) cerebral perfusion studies. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Two hundred and forty consecutive 99 mTc hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) SPECTCT studies were considered for inclusion. The images were acquired ...

INTRODUCTION: Although endovascular techniques are widely used for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms, the immediate postprocedural brain CT findings have not been reported. Therefore, in the present study we assessed the immediate postprocedural brain CT findings following the uneventful coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms. METHODS: Included in the study were ...

This study evaluated the usability of our MRI interpretation scheme among pediatricians with different skill levels in evaluating MRI of patients with cerebral palsy. We divided MRI findings into three groups: no abnormalities, pre/perinatally acquired lesions, and other abnormalities. Pre/perinatally acquired lesions were divided into six subgroups. Other abnormalities included ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cortical presentation of the hand area according to MRI images of the infarcted area in patients who have predominantly hand weakness. BACKGROUND: "Pseudoperipheral palsy" is an old term employed to describe a rare clinical picture consisting of predominant weakness of the hand in association with cerebral ...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this prospective study was to analyse small band-like cortical infarcts after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with reference to additional digital subtraction angiography (DSA). METHODS: In a 5-year period between January 2002 and January 2007 10 out of 188 patients with aneurysmal SAH ...

PURPOSE: To compare routine ROI analysis and three different histogram analyses in the grading of glial neoplasms. The hypothesis is that histogram methods can provide a robust and objective technique for quantifying perfusion data in brain gliomas. Current region-of-interest (ROI)-based methods for the analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion magnetic ...

Bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis is rare. A patient presented with symptoms of a transient ischaemic attack. Magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance angiography showed multiple foci of chronic cerebral ischaemic change and bilaterally absent ICA. Cerebral supply was derived from the posterior circulation. Differentiation has to be made ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection in humans by a larval cestode of the genus Spirometra. Preoperative diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis in the past has been very difficult. Our objective was to evaluate the CT and MR features of cerebral sparganosis in order to make a definite ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this pictorial essay is to discuss the differential diagnosis of cerebral microhemorrhages on T2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI. CONCLUSION: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and chronic systemic hypertension are the two most common causes of cerebral microhemorrhages. Less common causes include diffuse axonal injury, cerebral embolism, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy ...

Summary: We used fluoroscopic guidance and over-thewire techniques to superselectively place a microcatheter into a branch of the MCA of three macaques and MRI bolus tracking techniques to measure perfusion within the selected brain region. Such techniques are likely to be useful in the assessment and treatment of ischemic infarction, ...

Headaches of the thunderclap variety become severe in intensity within seconds to a minute of onset. Patients with thunderclap headache are to be evaluated in an emergent fashion as many of the underlying causes are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually the initial consideration, a ...

Neonatal survival continues to improve; for many years, including throughout the 1990s there have been anxieties that this was at the cost of additional morbidity, most particularly in terms of neurosensory impairments. Recent evidence suggests that rates of neuromotor morbidity, in particular cerebral palsy, may be declining for all but ...

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess the diagnostic accuracy of CT perfusion (CTP) and transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) for the prediction of secondary cerebral infarction (SCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: During 2 weeks after SAH, 38 consecutive patients completed an average of 3.5 CT/CTP and 10.7 TCD examinations at regular ...

BACKGROUND: In young patients, vasculitic stenoses of cerebral blood vessels are an important cause of cerebral ischaemia. Diagnosis may prove very difficult. SUMMARY OF REVIEW: The diagnostic process is usually initiated by the detection of brain lesions consistent with cerebral vasculitis. Multiple infarcts of various ages in more than one ...

Even though it has been known for some time that the cerebral sparganosis could migrate to the contralateral hemisphere, there have been no reports which described the route of migration. This paper reports a case of cerebral sparganosis which migrated from the right temporo-occipital lobe to the contralateral temporo-occipital lobe ...

Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) or flow-sensitive MRI can be used to noninvasively measure intracranial vascular and CSF flow. Monro-Kellie homeostasis is the complex compensatory mechanism for the increase in intracranial blood volume during systole. Through PC-MRI techniques, our understanding of Monro-Kellie homeostasis and the associated intracranial hydrodynamics has greatly ...

A 52-year-old woman developed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by a ruptured right internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm. Because of the aneurysm configuration, the authors decided to delay surgery and instead undertook serial imaging studies of the aneurysm. The patient remained alert but developed acute bilateral deafness on Day 7. Audiological ...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital kyphosis is an uncommon spinal deformity that needs prompt recognition and early surgery due to its progressive nature, which can lead to neurological compromise. CASE REPORT: An 11-year-old boy presented with deteriorating ambulatory function after bilateral Achilles tendon lengthening and calcaneal osteotomies. He previously had a series of ...

In rare cases restricted sensory deficits along the somatotopic topography of the spinothalamic tract can develop from a lateral medullary infarction. To our knowledge, isolated dermatomal sensory deficit as a single manifestation of a lateral medullary infarction has not been reported previously. A 58-year-old man presenting with sudden left-sided paresthesia ...

Acute mountain sickness is common among not acclimatized persons ascending to high altitude; the underlying mechanism is unknown, but may be related to cerebral edema. Nine healthy male students were studied before and after 6-h exposure to isobaric hypoxia. Subjects inhaled room air enriched with N(2) to obtain arterial O(2) ...

A patient developed frontal-lobe syndrome and psychotic symptoms after infarction in the pontomesencephalic junction. Stereotaxic lesion localization on magnetic resonance imaging and statistical analyses of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) disclosed an involvement of the rostral brainstem dopaminergic nuclei and hypoperfusion in the frontal-subcortical circuit components. We suggest that the ...

The aim of the study was to assess neuroimaging patterns of cerebral aspergillosis with magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T). The clinical and imaging data of nine patients were reviewed. Patients were included in the study if the diagnosis of aspergillosis was confirmed by either biopsy, autopsy, aspergillus antigen determination and/or ...

BACKGROUND: Polycythemia rubra vera is often found after the manifestation of cerebral infarction, though the pathogenesis is still controversial. We present a case of cerebral infarction secondary to polycythemia rubra vera, which presented a slow expansion on magnetic resonance imaging despite severe hemiplegia. This case suggests a possible mechanism for ...

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) uses magnetic resonance imaging methods to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) non-invasively. ASL CBF validly localizes brain function and may be especially useful for studies where the time frame of behavioral change is more than a few minutes, such as in longitudinal and treatment studies. ASL ...

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes (RCVS) typically affect the bilateral medium-sized intracerebral arteries and their branches. We describe a woman with RCVS restricted to the ipsilateral hemisphere after carotid endarterectomy. Serial CT angiography proved useful in documenting vasoconstriction. Perfusion MR imaging showed hypoperfusion in the deep watershed regions of the ipsilateral ...

We present a patient who underwent allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation (PSCT) for chronic myelocytic leukemia. Twenty months after the PSCT he experienced status epilepticus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a focus in the ventral thalamus-hypothalamus region. Using stereotactic biopsy with histology and specific polymerase chain reaction investigation from brain ...

Paradoxical embolism via patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an important cause of stroke, especially in younger patients. Transcatheter PFO closure is considered to bear a low risk and to be technically feasable with a high primary success rate. There are no data for the rate of procedure-associated silent embolic events. ...