Our purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in moyamoya disease. We studied 30 patients with this disease, comparing MRI and angiographic findings. The diagnostic value of MRI was evaluated for occlusive lesions, collateral vessels, and parenchymal lesions. In all patients bilateral occlusion or stenosis of the supraclinoid ...

A case is reported of severe unilateral hemispheric edema and localized hemorrhage associated with seizures following endarterectomy of an ipsilateral high-grade carotid stenosis. Imaging studies including angiography, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging/angiography, and xenon-CT, suggested postoperative ipsilateral cerebral hyperperfusion. Cerebral hyperperfusion syndromes caused by a probable failure of vascular ...

We analyzed circulation time (rABCT) and vascular volume density images obtained by angio-computerized tomography (angio-CT) in 63 patients with small deep cerebral infarctions. Abnormalities in the rABCT image were found in 88% of the patients and in the vascular volume image in 48%. Two groups with different clinical pictures were ...

To investigate the utility of neuroreceptor imaging in ischaemic cerebrovascular disorders, dual-tracer autoradiography using 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) for the evaluation of cerebral blood flow and 125I-iomazenil for the evaluation of central-type benzodiazepine receptor density was performed in experimental brain ischaemia created by occlusion of the unilateral middle cerebral artery of ...

BACKGROUND: Mannitol has been used in routine neurosurgical practice for the control of increased intracranial pressure. The effect of mannitol on focal cerebral ischemia was evaluated by somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: The left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was exposed via the superomedial transorbital approach and ...

PURPOSE: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) performed with continuous transcranial Doppler monitoring provides a unique opportunity to determine the number of cerebral microemboli and to relate their occurrence to the surgical technique. The purpose of this study was to assess in CEA the impact of cerebral microembolism on clinical outcome and brain ...

The localization of superficial cerebral lesions may be difficult even if they reach the surface of the cerebral cortex. Intraoperative ultrasound often fails to detect subcortical lesions. A localization device using multiplanar MR-imaging has been designed to project such lesions to the scalp. This device is a hood-shaped grid made ...

Only a few large families with cerebral cavernous angiomas (CCA) have been reported. We studied 47 members of a four-generation kindred with familial CCA. Thirteen members are affected; of these, eleven (85%) have epilepsy, five (38%) have hearing loss, three (23%) have clinically significant cerebral hemorrhages, one has dementia and ...

Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 31 newborn infants treated with venoarterial cardiopulmonary bypass for severe but reversible respiratory failure, revealed major focal parenchymal lesions in 7 of 31 infants (23%) and demonstrated abnormal enlargement of extra-axial and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid spaces in 16 of 31 (51%). No preferential left ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Occlusion or severe stenosis of extracranial vessels may lead to hypoperfusion without overt infarction of brain tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate whether occlusion of the internal carotid artery or stenosis with reduction in diameter of more than 70% leads to altered cerebral metabolism ...

Sixty-nine patients presenting with migraine, with or without aura, after age 40 were investigated with CT or MRI brain scanning, carotid ultrasound and serum antibody studies. A 2:1 female:male predominance was found, the mean age of presentation being 51.6 years. Migraine with aura was reported in 86% of patients. 46% ...

The clinical, angiographic and computed tomographic features in eight children with Moyamoya disease were evaluated. The CT Scan findings were correlated with the angiographic features and the stage of the vascular disease. Stenosis/occlusion of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) and the proximal parts of the anterior (ACA) and middle ...

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatologists are often consulted to evaluate patients suspected of having primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS). The diagnostic process relies heavily on interpreting the results of cerebral angiography and brain biopsy. We have assessed the operating characteristics of those invasive modalities in the diagnosis of PACNS: METHODS: ...

Central nervous system vasculitis is a rarely described complication of rheumatoid arthritis. We report a case of cerebral vasculitis in a 55-year-old woman with a 7-year history of seropositive, nodular rheumatoid arthritis. Striking multifocal abnormalities of the white matter on magnetic resonance imaging led to a suspicion of vasculitis despite ...

OBJECTIVE: The MR findings in a characteristic pattern of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in term infants are described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR images of seven patients with cerebral palsy and a specific pattern of central cortico-subcortical cerebral damage were studied retrospectively and correlated with clinical findings. RESULTS: All seven patients ...

PURPOSE: To assess the CT and MR appearance of cerebral aspergillosis in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation. METHODS: The imaging and clinical data of five patients with cerebral aspergillosis were reviewed retrospectively and compared with autopsy findings. RESULTS: Lesions are often located in the basal ganglia and demonstrate ...

A rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient showed high signal intensity in the subcortical region of the frontal and occipital lobes on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Histopathological examination in the autopsy specimen revealed severe systemic vasculitis. Additional radiological and laboratory studies revealed that transient cerebral ischemia induced by vasculitis occurred in ...

Reported is one case of cerebral cryptococcosis in a 12-year-old girl. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans with both India ink preparation of the cerebrospinal fluid and Sabouraud's media culture. Clinical presentation included progressive severe headache, vomiting, left eye pain, diplopia, dizziness and unstable gait. Fever ...

We evaluated the accuracy of transcranial Doppler (TCD) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) as a screening modality for cerebral infarct in patients with sickle cell disease. Twenty-four patients with sickle cell disease were assessed for a cerebral infarct. Each patient underwent neurologic examination, psychometric evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRA, ...

The evolution of a photochemically induced cortical infarct was monitored using T2-, postcontrast (GdDOTA) T1-, and postcontrast (DyDTPA-BMA) T2*-weighted NMR imaging techniques. Data acquired with these different NMR imaging types were compared, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The T2*-weighted NMR images after spordiamide injection (DyDTPA-BMA) were perfusion-weighted images that allowed the ...

An 11-year-old boy with tuberculous meningitis developed blindness, a rare complication of this disease in the United States. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated perichiasmal enhancement, suggesting that arachnoiditis caused the visual loss. Serial neuroimaging over 7 months revealed a persistent inflammatory process in the chiasmatic cistern, hydrocephalus, and progressive cerebral infarctions.

A 67-year-old man developed a sudden onset of achromatopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed occipital lobe infarction. Repeated episodes of neurological deficit referable to the posterior circulation initially suggested an embolic source, but subsequently proved to be due to a coagulopathy related to a carcinoma of the bladder. This has implications ...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of occurrence and intensification of the cerebral atrophy changes taking into consideration the age of the examined, in the course of acute poisoning with carbon monoxide. A modified Messe's method was used to evaluate brain atrophy. 111 patients intoxicated with ...

The authors describe the clinical behavior of eight patients with cerebral astrocytomas, in whom computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain was characterized by diffuse bilateral cerebral hemisphere tissue density abnormalities and minimal focal mass effect. Five patients were newly diagnosed, and three others had been ...

In this article, cerebral arterial and venous anatomy are reviewed. Although angiographic anatomy remains pertinent to neurosurgery and neurointerventional radiology, much of the previous concerns about vascular displacements (i.e., shifts) are no longer relevant in the age of MR imaging. Today, the MR anatomy of intracranial vessels is much more ...

Cerebral infarction is most commonly related to atherosclerotic disease in the carotid and vertebrobasilar circulations. TIAs are manifestations of this same disease process and may occur before a complete infarction. The transformation of pale to hemorrhagic infarction may result from reperfusion of an infarct or from migration of an embolus. ...

PURPOSE: To test the interobserver reliability of a simple method of classifying cerebral infarcts as seen on CT brain scans, which might allow differentiation of the site and size of the infarct from infarct swelling and hemorrhagic transformation. METHOD: Two experienced neuroradiologists independently reviewed 119 CT brain scans showing recent ...

The basal gray matter in the cerebrum is supplied by different anatomical groups of perforating arteries, including striate, thalamic, and choroidal arteries. In this pictorial essay we illustrate multiplanar MR imaging of infarctions in those regions and correlate their appearances with cerebral angiographic findings of the same patients when available. ...

We report the successful management of cerebral vasculitis in a 46-year-old woman with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis with low-dose methotrexate. She suddenly developed dysarthria and left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed ischemia of the right pons, and angiography demonstrated cerebral vasculitis of vertebro-basilar arteries. The vasculitis was refractory with high-dose steroid ...

A previously healthy 9-month-old girl, obese (12,500 gm) with sudden onset of hyperthermia (40 degrees C), generalized tonic-clonic seizures, followed by focal seizures, drowsiness, left facial nerve palsy, left lagophthalmos and mydriasis is presented. CT-scan and MRI suggested temporal-parietal infarction due to Sylvian artery occlusion in a 9-month-old infant with ...

An infant with hemimegalencephaly was studied with MR at 5 days and again at 10 months of age. The initial scan showed an abnormally large left cerebral hemisphere. At the age of 10 months, the left cerebral hemisphere was smaller than the right--an apparent left-sided micrencephaly caused by normal growth ...

PURPOSE: To estimate the age of cerebral infarcts using magnetization transfer. METHODS: Twelve patients with radiographically and clinically documented cortical and subcortical cerebral infarctions underwent MR imaging on a 0.1T magnet. Magnetization transfer contrast images were generated by application of off-resonance pulses to every other repetition time on intermediate-weighted images. ...

We reviewed 12 cases of infarcts in the territory of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) on CT and/or MRI. In each case vascular occlusion in the region was verified angiographically. Although the extent of the lesion on CT/MR images was variable, all were located on the axial images within an ...

We studied the effects of Wallerian degeneration in the cerebral peduncle shown by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following a supratentorial vascular lesion, to identify the somatotopic localisation of the descending cortical tracts. Patients with a lesion involving a large area of a cerebral hemisphere had an area of abnormal signal ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study was performed to document the progression of ischemic brain damage after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat using magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic methods. METHODS: Cerebral ischemia was induced through permanent tandem occlusion of ipsilateral middle cerebral and common carotid arteries. The evolution of ...

We report serial neuroradiological studies in a patient with focal cerebritis in the head of the left caudate nucleus. On the day after the onset of symptoms, CT showed an ill-defined low density lesion. The lack of contrast enhancement appeared to be the most important finding for differentiating focal cerebritis ...

Cerebral atrophy often coexists with other brain disorders and by itself may alter the pattern of cerebral perfusion. If unrecognized, it may confound diagnoses based on brain single-photon emission tomography (SPET). In this retrospective study, we describe and evaluate criteria for the diagnosis of cerebral atrophy on technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine ...

BACKGROUND: We report the clinical and neuroimaging findings of a patient who sustained multiple cerebral infarcts after the ingestion of concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution sold as a "health food" product. CASE DESCRIPTION: An 84-year-old man sustained focal neurological deficits immediately after ingesting 30 mL of 35% hydrogen peroxide solution. Physical ...

Cephalocervical fibromuscular dysplasia is an uncommon vascular disease that affects less than 1% of the population. Although often an incidental finding, patients may present with transient ischemic attacks, cerebral infarctions, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Fibromuscular dysplasia is usually diagnosed in the fourth or fifth decade of life; it occurs in women ...

A patient with a remote infarct, seizures, mild hemiparesis, and dysphasia became obtunded over four months and died. Computerized tomography (CT) over 5 years showed a consistent, large, wedge-shaped left hemisphere hypodensity with a central calcification, but without signs of mass effect. This was interpreted as an infarct of the ...

Symmetric hypoplasia of the temporal cerebral lobes was demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in a macrocephalic male patient with glutaric aciduria type II within the first week of life. Psychomotor development was normal until the age of 11 months, when the patient died of sudden cardiac arrest. ...

A 38-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and an acute neurological event was studied with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR). Marked intracranial calcification mimicking that seen in hypoparathyroid states was found. The clinical significance of this finding is not clear and the mechanism for cerebral calcification remains ...

PURPOSE: To identify the characteristic MR findings in extrapyramidal cerebral palsy. METHOD: Six patients who had suffered intrapartum asphyxia and who subsequently developed extrapyramidal cerebral palsy were identified. Asphyxia was evidenced by severe neonatal systemic acidosis as documented by a venous cord pH of less than 7.0 whenever available, or ...

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images from rats during acute cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion were analyzed for correspondence with changes in brain water, cation concentrations, and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity measured in vitro after 30 or 60 min of ischemia. In the ischemic hemisphere, signal intensity was increased at ...

The neuronal metabolic state that forms the cellular basis for cognitive functioning and motor behavior is dependent on cerebral perfusion. As intracerebral pressure increases, cerebral perfusion is compromised. The management of acute hydrocephalus after head trauma has been extensively described. In this article, we present evidence of clinical, cerebral perfusion, ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted nuclear magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to detect early ischemia-related alterations in experimental stroke. This raises the question of whether the observed increase in signal intensity is correlated with changes in cerebral metabolism. After middle cerebral artery occlusion, nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion images were recorded ...

PURPOSE: To define the role of MR in evaluating term neonates with seizures the most common clinical manifestation of cerebral injury in neonates. METHODS: Fifteen term infants with seizures underwent MR imaging. The presence and pattern of MR findings were compared with clinical markers of perinatal distress, cause of cerebral ...

This study investigated the correlation between in vivo serial T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and water, sodium ion (Na+), and potassium ion (K+) contents measured in vitro using rat brain following right middle cerebral artery occlusion in conjunction with ...

23Na magnetic resonance imaging has been used to investigate sodium changes during and after cerebral ischaemia in a gerbil model. The sodium signal decreased within 4 minutes of the onset of ischaemia, and subsequently increased between 4 and 8 minutes after the onset of reperfusion. These observations may be reflecting ...

To assess the clinical role of 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) as a cerebral perfusion tracer, 10 patients with unilateral cerebral infarction were studied. METHODS: ECD SPECT images were compared with IMP and/or HMPAO SPECT in nine patients, seven in chronic phases and two in subacute phases. Five of these patients ...