Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) or Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) from the pharynx of women or men is not uncommon. However, there is no recommendation how urologists should care for the pharyngeal infection of men with urethritis in Japan. The aim of this study is to clarify the prevalence of NG ...

To determine the indications for ordering orbital imaging and the indications for ordering CT versus MRI by oculoplastic surgeons and to assess the correlation between surgeon's clinical indications for imaging and the radiologist's diagnosis. Retrospective review of imaging requisitions and radiology reports. Patients of 4 oculoplastic surgeons who required CT ...

The aim of the study was to further determine the pathophysiology, clinical course, MRI-features and response to therapy of chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS), which has recently been proposed as a rare chronic inflammatory central nervous system disorder responsive to immunosuppressive therapy. Three patients ...

Idiopathic orbital pseudotumour (IOP) is a benign inflammatory condition usually confined to the orbit. This may involve single or multiple intraorbital structures. Extraorbital extension can also occur. The imaging appearances often mimic other orbital diseases. Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are frequently used to investigate orbital ...

To systematically evaluate the literature addressing the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and prognosis of early undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We performed a systematic literature review of the performance characteristics of MRI for diagnosing and prognosticating RA. We searched Ovid, supplementing this with ...

MRI has rapidly become a leading research tool in the study of multiple sclerosis (MS). Conventional imaging is useful in diagnosis and management of the inflammatory stages of MS but has limitations in describing the degree of tissue injury and cause of progressive disability seen in later stages. Advanced MRI ...

US is a technique particularly suited to the investigation of musculoskeletal disorders in children and adolescents. This review paper describes a range of clinical settings beyond the hip joint where US has a significant role to play, including sports injuries, infectious diseases, inflammatory and degenerative conditions, congenital and developmental disorders, ...

MRI is routinely used for diagnosis, treatment planning and assessment of response to therapy for patients with glioma. Gliomas are spatially heterogeneous and infiltrative lesions that are quite variable in terms of their response to therapy. Patients classified as having low-grade histology have a median overall survival of 7 years ...

OBJECTIVES:: To determine the colonic mural enhancement in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using gadofluorine M- and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and to correlate the degree of enhancement with the histopathologic severity of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: This study was approved by ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Central nervous system vascular malformations (VMs) result from abnormal vasculo- and/or angiogenesis. Cavernomas and arteriovenous malformations are also sites of active inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine whether MRI detection of VMs can be improved by administration of ferumoxytol iron oxide nanoparticle, which acts ...

A 47-year-old man, restorer of religious art, presents a three week history of asthenia, myalgia, dry cough and fever, coinciding with recent, unprotected exposure, to golden dust. He had fever, crackles in lung bases, hypoxemia and elevation of inflammatory markers. Imaging studies showed areas of parenchymal consolidation with air bronchograms ...

PURPOSE: To determine the efficiency and safety of the percutaneous aspiration and drainage of rare touberculous cold abscesses under CT guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 63 cases of 44 patients, treated in our hospital during the last two years. They suffered from tuberculous infection complicated with tuberculous cold ...

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) a vertebral corner inflammatory lesion (CIL) visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that completely resolves following treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) agents is more likely to develop into a de novo syndesmophyte visible on a radiograph as ...

Visualization of neuroinflammation is still a major task in neuroscience and neurology since inflammatory processes play a central pathophysiological role in many disorders of the nervous system but are not yet covered by conventional imaging techniques. Recently, (19)F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was introduced as a new cellular imaging technology. ...

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for multiplanar visualisation of the tympanic canaliculus both in healthy individuals and in patients affected by chronic inflammatory disease of the middle ear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A preliminary study was performed on three dried skulls by ...

OBJECTIVE: Tc-labelled white-cell scintigraphy is sensitive and specific for detecting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A retrospective analysis was carried out on 99 consecutive studies to compare results from planar imaging and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two observers blindly and independently reported all planar images followed ...

We describe an innovative multimodal system, which combines magnetic targeting of therapeutic agents with both magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging into one system. This new magnetic nanoplatform consists of superparamagnetic γFe(2)O(3) nanoparticles, used clinically as an MRI contrast agent, conjugated to therapeutic molecules of the hydroxylmethylene bisphosphonate family (HMBPs): alendronate ...

To examine the feasibility of using magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy with hyperpolarized carbon 13 ((13)C)-labeled pyruvate to detect inflammation. The animal care and use committee approved all work with animals. Arthritis was induced in the right hind paw of six rats; the left hind paw served as an internal control. ...

Objectives. The clinical diagnosis of synovial lesions is difficult and radiographic findings may establish a confident diagnosis only in some cases. MR imaging has become the technique of choice in evaluating these lesions, because a presumptive diagnosis can be made in most cases. The purpose of this study was to ...

To perform a systematic literature review of the diagnostic and prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) in patients with undifferentiated peripheral inflammatory arthritis (UPIA), and to assess if MRI and US should be done at baseline and repeated, and if so, at what interval. Medline, Embase, ...

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States and has a high likelihood of recurrence despite aggressive treatment strategies. Detection and exact localization of recurrent lesions are critical for guiding management and determining the proper therapeutic approach, which may prolong survival. Because ...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects approximately 1.4 million people in North America and, because of its typical early age of onset and episodic disease course, IBD patients often undergo numerous imaging studies over the course of their lifetimes. CT has become the standard imaging modality for assessment of IBD patients ...

To compare the results of high-resolution ultrasound (HR-US) and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) examinations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The reports of 250 consecutive cases with known IBD, who had an MRE and HR-US examination, were retrospectively analyzed. Using a patient-based approach we evaluated morphological disease features such ...

The use of tomographic imaging techniques, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to complement or replace plain-film radiography in the study of spine pain is becoming more and more common. The aim of this paper is to provide a general review of the CT and MRI manifestations of ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review addresses issues relating to the use of the relatively new combined PET and X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) modality for imaging pulmonary infections and inflammation, as well as assessing its potential for this purpose. RECENT FINDINGS: Accurate definition and monitoring of the extent of lung infection ...

Diagnosing spondyloarthritis (SpA) early in young patients with inflammatory back pain and normal findings on radiographs of the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) remains a challenge in routine practice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is regarded as the most sensitive imaging modality for detecting early SpA before the radiographic appearance of structural lesions. ...

OBJECTIVE: The quantitative parameters in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography-time-intensity curve of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied to explore their potential importance in monitoring the effects of anti-angiogenic therapy for HCC. METHODS: 115 HCC patients were studied with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography-time-intensity curve (CEUS-TIC) and with immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections. The CEUS images were ...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists exhibit potent anti-fibrotic effects in the lung and other tissues. Recently, micro-computed tomography (CT) has been a useful tool for the investigation of lung diseases in small animals and is now increasingly applied to visualize and quantify the pulmonary structures. However, there is little information ...

PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare histopathological findings of surgically resected bowel segments with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings on Crohn's disease activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent a MR enterography or enteroclysis before surgery were included after informed consent. MRI features (T1-enhancement, T1 and T2 stratification, T2 signal intensity, bowel ...

OBJECTIVES: This review article provides an overview of the current state of imaging of synovitis in osteoarthritis (OA), looking at recent advances and controversies and focusing particularly on the application of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of the hand and knee joint. Computed tomography and nuclear ...

Fluid collections around the kidneys on cross-sectional imaging may be caused by urine, blood, pus, lymph, or plasma. Ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can not only show and characterize the fluid, but also may help determine the underlying cause of the perinephric fluid collection, such ...

To determine the initial feasibility of using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to detect early atherosclerosis, we investigated inflammatory cells labeled with a positive contrast agent in an endothelial cell-based testing system. The human monocytic cell line THP-1 was labeled by overnight incubation with a gadolinium colloid (Gado CELLTrack) prior to ...

We designed to investigate the feasibility of multi-detector row computerized tomography (CT) as a "one-stop" examination for the simultaneous preoperative evaluation of the morphology and function of living renal donors. 21 living renal donors were examined by 64-slice spiral CT with a three-phase enhancement CT scan and two inserted dynamic ...

A 31-year-old woman developed polyarthralgia and extension disorder of the right elbow of 2 months' duration without abdominal symptom. Laboratory findings revealed C-reactive protein 2.7 mg/dL. Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody were negative. F-18 FDG PET/CT showed elevated pinpoint uptakes of FDG in ...

BACKGROUND: This study utilized the imaging data of primary liver cancer (PLC) treated with floxuridine (FUDR) and bevacizumab to test the hypothesis that dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters correlate with tissue hypoxia markers and treatment outcome. METHODS: Seventeen patients with PLC were treated with hepatic artery infusional (HAI) ...

Intramural dissection of the renal collecting system during percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is a rare complication that can be challenging to diagnose. In this report, we describe the computed tomography (CT) and fluoroscopic findings of urothelial dissection during CT-guided PCN in a 65-year old patient with an obstructed congenital solitary left ...

Cholera toxin (CT) was discovered exactly half a century ago by S.N. De. We have come a long way since this epoch-making discovery. Retrospectively, science had to wait a long time since Koch's prediction of the existence of a toxin, and its actual discovery by De. CT is not just ...

Conventional algorithms and noninvasive imaging tests for the identification of stable, hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease offer little insight into the detection of potentially vulnerable and inflamed coronary plaques, those most likely to rupture and cause acute coronary syndromes. Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) serves as a potential ...

PURPOSE: MRI is considered the standard of reference for advanced imaging in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, in daily clinical practice ultrasound (US) imaging with Doppler information is more versatile and often used for fast and dynamic assessment of joint inflammation. The aim was to compare low-field MRI scores with the ...

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract associated with alterations and dysfunction of the intestinal microvasculature. The goal of this work was to develop a preclinical protocol for quantitative functional characterization of the colonic microvasculature in a murine colitis model. Experimental colitis was induced in ...

Purpose: To determine whether mean and entropy apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained at diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can help detect and stage histopathologic liver fibrosis and grade inflammation activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review ...

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) imaging in brain tumors is essential to visualize overexpression of EGFRvIII variants as a signature of highly aggressive gliomas and to identify patients that would benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. Seeking imaging improvements, we tested a novel pretargeting approach that relies on initial administration of enzyme-linked ...

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) originated from the nasopharynx is very rare. To the authors' best knowledge, nasopharyngeal pseudotumor accompanied by abducens nerve palsy due to cavernous sinus invasion has not been reported previously. A 28-year-old male presented with abrupt-onset diplopia and right side severe headache. Physical examination revealed a mild contour ...

OBJECTIVE:: To examine the effect of TNF blocking therapy on hypoxia in vivo, macroscopic and microscopic inflammation and MR imaging. METHODS:: Inflammatory arthritis patients (n=20) underwent full clinical assessment, video-arthroscopy, synovial biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pre/post biologic therapy. Macroscopic synovitis/vascularity was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) versus non-enhanced low-dose CT (NECT) in the staging of advanced malignant melanoma with (18)F-fluordeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. METHODS: In total, 50 (18)F-FDG PET/CT examinations were performed in 50 patients with metastasized melanoma. ...

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using intravenously administered gadofosveset trisodium as a negative contrast agent for lymph node (LN) assessment with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using a VX2 tumor model in rabbits. VX2 cells were injected in the right hind limb of five Japanese white ...

Primary actinomycosis in urachal remnant is documented rarely in the English literature. The disease is usually misdiagnosed as urachal carcinoma because of its infiltrating and enhancing natures. We illustrate a case of urachal actinomycosis with ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance images. The clinical, radiological, and pathological findings are reviewed. ...

This article discusses the imaging of infectious and other inflammatory conditions that affect the spinal cord, spinal column, intradural spinal nerve roots, and spinal meninges with emphasis on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Inflammatory lesions of the spine are often indistinguishable on imaging and even on pathologic examination. However, infectious causes ...

because of the increasing prevalence of diabetes, complications of diabetes will also become more prevalent. The pathophysiology of Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy (Charcot disease) as a complication of diabetes is still enigmatic. As a consequence, the optimal diagnostic, follow-up, and therapeutic strategies are unclear. To obtain more insight into the relation between ...

Rheumatoid arthritis is a destructive inflammatory joint disorder. Pre- and mature B-cells, characterized by CD20 antigen expression, play an important role in the inflammatory process. Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the CD20 antigen, has been approved since 2006 for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, not all ...