PURPOSE: Prolapse is the protrusion of a pelvic organ beyond its normal anatomical confines. It represents the failure of fibromuscular supports. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A MEDLINE search was done using the keywords cystocele, uterine prolapse, vault prolapse, enterocele or rectocele in combination with urinary incontinence. We reviewed 97 articles. From ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the value of contrast material-filled virtual cystoscopy in the detection of bladder tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients who had recent diagnosis or were followed up due to priory history of bladder tumor underwent virtual cystoscopy. After the intravenous injection of ...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the accuracy of helical computerized tomography urography (CTU) in diagnosing urinary tract disease. METHODS: We collected 102 patients who underwent CTU from March 2001 to September 2002. The clinical symptoms of these patients included: flank pain or hematuria, which were clinically suggestive of urinary system disorders. All ...

OBJECTIVE: Voiding dysfunction is more frequent in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) than in other subtypes of MS. We investigated whether lower urinary tract disorders are reflected in the extent of changes in brain and spinal cord detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Micturition symptoms and specific urodynamic findings ...

The anatomy of the pelvic floor is complex and difficult to visualize from conventional two-dimensional anatomy pictures. The goal of this project was to establish the methods necessary to develop a static three-dimensional virtual reality model of the normal female pelvic floor from high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. An ...

Replacement lipomatosis of the kidney is the result of severe atrophy or destruction of the renal parenchyma, often caused by calculous disease with secondary marked proliferation of renal sinus, renal hilus, and perirenal fatty tissue. Different diagnostic tools have been used to define this entity, with ultrasonography (US), i.v. pyelography ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential use of multi-slice computed tomography urography (MSCTU) after diuretic injection in children with urinary tract dilatation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MSCTU was performed in 19 patients (11 boys, 8 girls, mean age 5.4 years) with suspicion of urinary tract obstruction and dilatation. Furosemide, 1 mg/kg, was ...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated the overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in endometriosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of COX-2 in different anatomical sites of endometriosis and its association with clinico-pathological parameters in a single institutional series of patients undergoing operative treatment. METHODS: COX-2 expression was ...

For two decades, computed tomography (CT) has challenged intravenous urography (IVU) in the evaluation of urinary tract abnormalities. Compared with IVU, CT is more sensitive and specific in the detection and characterization of a variety of urinary tract disorders, including renal masses and urolithiasis. The last purported advantage of IVU ...

Multi-detector row helical computed tomography (CT) offers considerable advantages in evaluation of the urinary tract. It has the potential to become the single imaging modality used for comprehensive evaluation and treatment planning of most conditions affecting the kidneys and urinary tract, making conventional diagnostic techniques such as intravenous urography and ...

OBJECTIVE: In this experimental study, we wanted to evaluate the informative value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in pelvic floor anatomy during pelvic floor muscle contractions in asymptomatic women and women with urinary continence dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN: Eight outpatients with stress urinary symptoms and eight asymptomatic women were scanned with ...

BACKGROUND: There have been few studies to evaluate the effects of helical CT on bladder tumor. This study was to evaluate the clinical applications of helical CT dynamic contrast-enhanced axial imaging, multiplanar reformation (MPR), three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and virtual cystoscopy (CTVC) in bladder tumors. METHODS: The precontrast and four-phase postcontrast ...

Metastatic tumors of the clitoris are extremely rare. We report a case of clitoral metastasis in a 75-year-old woman who was treated for transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis 2 years ago. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings are presented with a short review of the literature. To ...

Ultrasound imaging is rapidly replacing radiological methods in the investigation of pelvic floor disorders. Transrectal, transvaginal/introital and transperineal/translabial methods are being employed, with the latter probably the most widespread due to ease of use and availability of equipment. Position and mobility of the bladder neck, bladder wall thickness, pelvic floor ...

PURPOSE: We evaluated contrast enhanced spiral computerized tomography (CT) as a single session for anatomical and functional assessment of potential live kidney donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 80 consecutive kidney donors. In addition to routine donor evaluation, radiological imaging of the kidneys was performed with spiral CT, which ...

PURPOSE: We evaluated magnetic resonance urography (MRU) appearances in symptomatic hydronephrosis in pregnancy and compared urographic patterns in physiological and calculous disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 consecutive pregnant women with symptomatic hydronephrosis underwent MRU, comprising an overview fast T2-weighted examination of the abdomen and pelvis, and thick ...

BACKGROUND: Correct identification of acute lobar nephronia (ALN) is necessary to prevent progression to renal abscess. The goal of this retrospective study was to determine whether the sonographic finding of severe nephromegaly (i.e. renal length greater than mean + 3 sd) is a preselection criterion for computed tomographic (CT) scanning ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether open-magnet magnetic resonance (MR) defaecography could provide more useful clinical information than evacuation proctography (EP) alone in the evaluation of a cohort of patients with full-thickness rectal intussusception and could assist in decisions concerning management. METHODS: Ten patients (4 male; ...

During evaluation for loin pain a 54-year-old man was found to have bilateral upper ureteric strictures with hydroureteronephrosis on imaging. Renal function tests were normal. There was no peripheral eosinophilia but an excision biopsy of the stricture revealed eosinophilic ureteritis. As the patient had a previous history of cellulitis with ...

Recent improvements in helical CT hardware and software have provided imagers with the tools to obtain an increasingly large number of very thin axial images. As a result, a number of new applications for multislice CT have recently been developed, one of which is CT urography. The motivation for performing ...

CT Urography: Comparison of Strategies for Depicting the Normal Urinary Collecting System PURPOSE: To evaluate several protocols for depiction of the urinary collecting system with multi-- detector row computed tomographic (CT) urography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients with hematuria or a suspicious renal mass underwent CT urography, during which thinly ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of 3-dimensional images produced by computerized tomography (CT), using intravenous contrast to study pelvicaliceal anatomy. This might be of help in endourological procedures. METHODS: The study was conducted in King Fahd Hospital of the University, King Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study ...

We report a rare case of localized form of primary amyloidosis (amyloidoma) of the urinary bladder with CT and MR findings. Clinically, it is difficult to distinguish from invasive transitional cell carcinoma and inflammatory lesion. We think that the MR intensity on T2-weighted images is helpful in making the diagnosis.

Although perineal ultrasound has been widely used, no standard values have been published. In 52 women with urinary stress incontinence the following parameters were measured during resting and straining: a) with ultrasound: distance (Dy) between bladder neck and central line of the symphysis, distance (Dx) between bladder neck and lower ...

Urinary incontinence is a major geriatric syndrome with significant morbidity and even mortality. However, it is under-recognised and inadequately managed despite its impact and cost. Continence in the older person is maintained by the fine balance between the integrity of the lower urinary tract, the cognitive ability and motivation to ...

Hematuria can be well evaluated with a comprehensive contrast material-enhanced multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) protocol that combines unenhanced, nephrographic-phase, and excretory-phase imaging. Unenhanced images are obtained from the kidneys to the bladder and allow optimal detection of renal calculi, a common cause of hematuria. Renal parenchymal abnormalities, particularly masses, ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review recent literature on the electrical and magnetic stimulation of the sacral nerve roots and pelvic floor for the treatment of overactive bladder. RECENT FINDINGS: Overactive bladder is a common condition affecting millions of women worldwide, with a significant effect on quality of life. Electrical stimulation ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of hematuria or its absence can predict the presence or absence of urinary calculi as determined by computed tomography (CT) scan in patients presenting to the ED with acute abdominal colic. We reviewed the urine analysis and CT scans ...

This study prospectively evaluated the diagnostic value of unenhanced computerized tomography (CT) urography in patients with acute renal colic. Fifty-nine patients with clinical manifestations of acute renal colic underwent unenhanced helical CT to evaluate urinary tract abnormalities. Reformatted three-dimensional CT urography was performed in all patients. The findings were correlated ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: To approach the concept of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-monitored micturating cystourethrography (MRMCU) by using gadolinium-enhanced real-time MR fluoroscopy. METHODS: MRMCU was performed in 21 male patients (27-76 years) subsequent to gadolinium excretory MR urography. Patients were examined in supine position at 1.5 T. For MR fluoroscopy of ...

An unusual case of giant calcification in the midline of the pelvis is reported herein. An 84-year-old male, whose urination was managed by clean intermittent self-catheterization (CIC), presented with catheter insertion difficulty. The patient had a history of transurethral operations for benign prostatic hyperplasia and small bladder stones. Kidney, ureter ...

CT urography and MR urography are an evolving concept and developing technique. As the technology matures, CT urography will combine the ultimate diagnostic capabilities of intravenous urography and CT. In the near future, many intravenous urograms will be replaced by CT urography to evaluate patients with hematuria and other genitourinary ...

Uterine anomalies are associated with unilateral renal aplasia. We present the MR features of five cases with 'double' uteri. The anomalies consisted of four cases of uterus didelphys and one of a complete septate uterus. All the cases with uterus didelphys also had a longitudinal vaginal septum. The MR diagnoses ...

Presacral cystic schwannomas are rare, difficult to diagnose, and have only been reported in women. We present the first such case in a male patient. It was incidentally diagnosed during an evaluation for renal colic in a 52-year-old man. The presacral lesion was cystic on computed tomography and measured 10 ...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of filling defect artefacts (FDA) in magnetic resonance urography (MRU). Retrospectively, we assessed MRU examinations of 45 patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction (21 men, 24 women; mean age 35 years, age range 18-71 years). The MRU was performed 30 min ...

Medullary cystic kidney disease is characterized by multiple renal cysts at the corticomedullary boundary area, by autosomal dominant inheritance, and by onset of chronic renal failure in the third decade of life. Its clinical manifestations are often insignificant and nonspecific. Furthermore, its diagnosis may be difficult in sporadic forms where ...

Three cases of sporadic angiomyolipomas (AML) of the kidneys presented to the department of radiology faculty of medicine. Two of them presented with sudden onset of flank pain and gross Hematuria and the other was asymptomatic. They had Ultrasound (US), Computerised Tomography (CT) scans with and with out intravenous urography ...

OBJECTIVE: This article describes the MR imaging features of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder with clinical presentation and pathologic correlation in three adults. CONCLUSION: Carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder is a rare and aggressive tumor that has a clinical presentation similar to that of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the potential of confocal laser scanning microscopy for imaging of the urinary bladder after intravesical instillation of a fluorescent dye. METHODS: The study was performed on the bladder of male Copenhagen rats. For confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM), a standard confocal laser scanning microscope (Zeiss LSM 410) was ...

Both multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to evaluate the bladder noninvasively. MDCT offers fast imaging with near-isotropic data sets optimized for three-dimensional imaging, including the latest software for volume rendering. MRI provides distinctive soft tissue contrast resolution and can perform dynamic imaging without ...

Immediate adjuvant Mitomycin C (MMC) instillation is routine practice in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Despite relative safety we describe a case of MMC extravasation after intravesical instillation. This resulted in severe continuous pain in the pelvic region without tendency of spontaneous healing, and required surgical debridement. To assess ...

OBJECTIVE: o determine sensitivity and specificity of radiography, ultrasonography, and antegrade pyelography for detection of ureteral obstructions in cats. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 11 cats. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cats that had radiography, ultrasonography, and antegrade pyelography performed for suspected ureteral obstructions were examined. Ultrasound-guided pyelocentesis and fluoroscopic-assisted antegrade pyelography ...

Although renal imaging is not indicated routinely in cases of uncomplicated renal infection, CT is a highly sensitive modality to diagnose and guide the management of patients with acute renal infection. CT is particularly useful in identifying complications of renal infection. Intravenous urography and US are limited to screening for ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine whether clinical or laboratory findings could distinguish Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) from urinary tract infection (UTI) among adolescent females in whom providers tested for both. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: A laboratory database at an urban teen health center was reviewed to identify females who had both urine culture ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic imaging findings with the histological lesions in upper pole nephrectomy (UPN) specimens of duplex system ureteroceles, using renal ultrasonography (US) and nuclear renal scintigraphy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 2000, 86 patients with a ureterocele in a duplex system underwent surgery. The results from ...

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (VUS) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) during simultaneous performance of both examinations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 24 children, 16 girls and 8 boys, with a mean age of 3.5 years referred for reflux examination were recruited for the study. ...

The causes of stress urinary incontinence are not completely known. Recent papers have stressed the importance of more anatomical information, which may help to elucidate the mechanism of stress urinary incontinence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of lesions of the urethral support mechanism and lesions ...

AIM: To compare excretory phase, helical computed tomography (CT) with intravenous (IV) urography for evaluation of the urinary tract in patients with painless haematuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one out-patients had IV urography followed by helical CT limited to the urinary tract. Both IV urograms and CT images were evaluated for ...

PURPOSE: To quantify in three dimensions the geometric uncertainties of bladder irradiation (i.e., uncertainties in target delineation, organ motion, and patient setup). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Pelvic CT images were obtained for 10 male bladder cancer patients. Apart from the initial planning CT scan, three follow-up scans were made for each ...

Primary small cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare aggressive malignancy of the urinary bladder, with identical histopathology to that of the lung. The treatment and prognosis of bladder SCC are somewhat different from those of more frequent transitional cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the CT ...