A modified double contrast barium enema using carboxymethylcellulose was evaluated in beagle dogs and compared with dogs receiving a conventional barium enema. The experimental group was divided into three groups (1, 2, and 3) and given 30 ml/kg of different volume ratios of a barium vs. carboxymethylcellulose mixture. Each group underwent ...

AIM: Evidence is lacking whether an abscess associated with anastomotic leak after an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) should be drained by transanal or CT-guided drainage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare outcomes after the two techniques for drainage. METHOD: Patients who underwent IPAA (1984-2009) and diagnosed with ...

Objectives: To (1) describe the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of keratomas; (2) describe a CT- or MRI-assisted partial hoof wall resection technique for removal of keratomas; and (3) evaluate the morbidity and postoperative outcome of these horses. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Horses (n=10) with ...

To evaluate very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP-C184) as blood-pool contrast agent for coronary MR angiography (CMRA) in humans. Six healthy volunteers and 14 patients with suspected coronary artery disease underwent CMRA after administration of VSOP-C184 at the following doses: 20 μmol Fe/kg (4 patients), 40 μmol Fe/kg (5 ...

PURPOSE: To examine the long-term consequences of manganese exposure due to the use of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) in a model of closed head injury, the fluid-percussion injury (FPI) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of adult male Wistar rats (n = 72) were studied with either MEMRI, whereby ...

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DWI) for evaluating perianal fistula activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively assessed 24 patients with clinically suspected perianal fistula who underwent a total of 28 MR examinations after conservative treatment with antibiotics. DWI was performed at 1.5T, ...

OBJECTIVES: The impact of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of MR imaging on the evaluation of residual Uterine Cervical Carcinoma after Radiation Therapy, in addition to conventional MR images. METHODS: Fourty-nine women presenting with a uterine cervical cancer were examined with 1.5T MRI and DWI, 8 (4-20) ...

Microdamage in bone tissue is typically studied using destructive, two-dimensional histological techniques. Contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was recently demonstrated to enable non-destructive, three-dimensional (3-D) detection of microdamage in machined cortical and trabecular bone specimens in vitro. However, the accumulation of microdamage in whole bones is influenced by variations in the ...

There are no evidence-based guidelines for the specific management of rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection. All men who have sex with men (MSM) diagnosed with asymptomatic rectal CT by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) at a large London genitourinary (GU) medicine clinic between September 2006 and September 2009 were offered ...

PURPOSE: To implement solid state (31) P MRI ((31) P SMRI) in a clinical scanner to visualize bone mineral. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wrists of seven healthy volunteers were scanned. A quadrature wrist (31) P transmit/receive coil provided strong B(1) and good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A (1) H-(31) P frequency converter ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The temporal bone is ideal for low-dose CT because of its intrinsic high contrast. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate image quality and radiation doses of a new low-dose versus a standard high-dose pediatric temporal bone CT protocol and to review dosimetric data from ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed active noise control (ANC) system for the reduction of the acoustic noise emission generated by a 4 T MRI scanner during operation and to assess the feasibility of developing an ANC device that can be deployed in situ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three ...

Successful translation of nonviral gene delivery to therapeutic applications requires detailed understanding of in vivo trafficking of the vehicles. This report compares the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles of polyethylene glycol-b-polyphosphoramidate (PEG-b-PPA)/DNA micellar nanoparticles after administration through intravenous infusion, intrabiliary infusion, and hydrodynamic injection using single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography ...

To test patient acceptance and reproducibility of the 3D magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) brain exam using a soft vibration source, and to determine if MRE could noninvasively measure a change in the elastic properties of the brain parenchyma due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). MRE exams were performed using an accelerated ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of prophylactic embolization of angiomyolipomas (AMLs) and to analyze the therapeutic response by using three-dimensional 3D volume calculation and 3D quantification of fatty and angiomyogenic components during computed tomography (CT) follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 51-month period, 30 patients with 34 AMLs ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy, the frequency of complications, the duration of the interventions and the radiation doses of CT fluoroscopy (CTF) guided biopsies of lung lesions with those of multislice CT (MS-CT) biopsy mode-guided biopsies. METHODS: Data and images from 124 ...

Sodium and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in intracranial rat 9L gliomas were evaluated over 6-8 days using the advanced sensitivity of sodium MRI at 21.1 T. Glioma doubling time was 2.4-2.6 days. Glioma sodium signal was detected using the ultra-short echo time of 0.15 ms. The high resolution 3D ...

PURPOSE: Physiological glucose uptake by the myocardium may hamper visualization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in (18)F-FDG PET studies. Intracellular myocardial calcium relates to glucose influx. We assessed whether administration of a calcium channel blocker such as verapamil could decrease myocardial (18)F-FDG uptake in mice. METHODS: Experiments were conducted on ten ...

Large-area hard magnetic L1(0)-FePt nanopatterns with out-of-plane texture were fabricated by using a top-down approach. For the fabrication process, ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) in combination with inductively coupled plasma reactive Ar-ion etching was used. By this technique a continuous L1(0)-Fe(51)Pt(49) film was nanostructured into a regular arrangement of nanodots over ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnostic accuracy of enhanced multi-detector CT virtual endoscopy (MDCT-VE) for small intestinal tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 125 patients were examined by multi-detector CT (MDCT: 54 on 4-slice; 71 on 64-slice) following standard gastrointestinal tract cleansing, oral double contrast aerogenesis agent, and rectal gas administration. Unenhanced CT ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D: -glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in the assessment of the therapeutic response to (131)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in malignant phaeochromocytoma. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 11 patients (7 men and 4 women) with malignant phaeochromocytoma who underwent ...

INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound (US) contrast agents based on microbubbles (MBs) are being investigated as platforms for drug and gene delivery. A methodology for determining the distribution and fate of modified MBs quantitatively in vivo can be achieved by tagging MBs directly with (99m)Tc. This creates the opportunity to employ dual-modality imaging ...

Introduction:  The development of atherosclerotic plaques has been associated with the patterns of wall shear stress (WSS). However, much is still uncertain with the methods used to calculate WSS. Correct vessel geometries are mandatory to get reliable estimations, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate an in vivo ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine whether a (131)I double-phase whole body scan (WBS) and SPECT-CT images have added value over a single-phase WBS image in identifying benign and malignant lesions in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) at their first radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. METHODS: This study included 42 ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The perihematomal hyperintensity (PHH) is commonly interpreted to represent cerebral edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the accuracy of this interpretation is unknown. We therefore investigated the relationship between the changes in PHH and the changes in hemispheric brain volume as a measure of edema during the ...

To determine the most useful findings of gadoxetic acid-enhanced 3.0 Tesla (T) MRI for differentiating focal eosinophilic infiltration (FEI) from hepatic metastasis with verification of their usefulness. Pathologically or clinically proven 39 FEIs from 25 patients and 79 hepatic metastases from 51 patients were included in the study. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced ...

The purpose of this article is to assess the variability of perfusion CT measurements in lung tumors and the effects of motion and duration of data acquisition on perfusion CT parameter values. Two perfusion CT scans were obtained in 11 patients with lung tumors, 2-7 days apart, using phase 1 ...

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography has been shown to be very accurate for identifying the perforator size, location, and intramuscular course, and the associated venous system, without exposing the patient to ionizing radiation. This study reports the authors' experience using this imaging modality in a large patient series. A retrospective review ...

Cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) anatomy is associated with a great inter-individual variability. The aim of this study was to compare the magnetic 8-mm tip catheter versus the novel 3.5-mm magnetic irrigated tip catheter in achieving bidirectional right atrial isthmus block and to evaluate the impact of the underlying CTI anatomy on ...

The aim of this study was to determine a standard deviation (SD) that most reduces the radiation dose without sacrificing the diagnostic accuracy of thinsection computed tomography (CT) for clinical use. A total of 120 patients were examined by multidetector CT. They were assigned to one of four SD groups: ...

Meningiomas are mostly benign, however atypical or malignant subtypes with more aggressive clinical course and higher recurrence rates can also be seen. The purpose of this study was to determine whether histopathological subtypes of meningiomas could be assessed preoperatively using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) and ...

We present a case of a 48 year old HIV patient, who had recurrent episodes of ascites since 2007. His history includes ischaemic heart disease, for which he was treated with atenolol from 2005 to 2007, and Type 2 diabetes; he was later started on propranolol 40 mg twice a day ...

Attenuation correction (AC) is a critical step in the reconstruction of quantitatively accurate positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images. Several groups have proposed magnetic resonance (MR)-based AC algorithms for application in hybrid PET/MR systems. However, none of these approaches have been tested on SPECT ...

BACKGROUND:: Introduction of the portable intraoperative CT scanner provides for a precise and cost-effective way of fusing head CT images with high Tesla MRI for exquisite definition of soft tissue needed for stereotactic targeting. OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the accuracy of stereotactic electrode placement in patients undergoing DBS by comparing frame-based ...

A recent radiographic study of an Egyptian mummified head from the Middle Kingdom revealed methodical mutilations of the facial skeleton that were performed after death and prior to wrapping the corpse for burial. These mutilations consisted of removal of the coronoid processes of the mandible and portions of the zygomas ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) on intra-image "motion" and inter-image "stairstep" artefacts in step-and-shoot coronary CT angiography (CCTA) using a wide detector CT scanner. METHODS: 66 patients underwent step-and-shoot CCTA using 256-slice CT. Patients were divided into two groups (Group 1: ...

PURPOSE: Differentiation of idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) from cirrhosis is not always easy because of their similar clinical features. This prospective study aimed to use contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) in studying dynamic behavior of microbubble for characteristic enhancement features in IPH. METHODS: The study had 101 subjects: 8 IPH, 47 cirrhosis, ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of delivering NO through a modified system to allow clearance of the magnetic field and thus compatibility with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Nitric oxide (NO) is an inhalational, selective pulmonary vasodilator with a wide range of applications in a ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To improve the resection rate of unexpected residual pituitary tumor under image guidance, iCT provides a less time-consuming and more convenient approach of promising the safety of the trans-sphenoidal surgery. However, iCT was thought to have worse image quality than MR imaging. This study was designed to ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with autogenous hamstring tendon by use of remnant preservation and a femoral tensioning technique. METHODS: A total of 53 patients who had ACL reconstruction by use of ...

PURPOSE: To determine whether the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cross-sectional area (CSA) of the hamstring tendons can predict intraoperative bundle diameters during double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS: A prospective study of 34 patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autografts was performed. CSAs of independent and combined ...

PURPOSE: Computed tomography (CT)-guided navigation during percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablations of liver and kidney lesions is hampered by respiratory motion and time-dependent lesion conspicuity after contrast agent injection. Therefore, target immobilization by general anesthesia with high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) instead of conventional ventilation (CV) with repeated breath-holds may facilitate and ...

Ultra-small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (US-Gd(2)O(3)) are used to provide 'positive' contrast effects in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and are being considered for molecular and cellular imaging applications. However, these nanoparticles can aggregate over time in aqueous medium, as well as when internalized into cells. This study is aimed at measuring ...

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate whether intravenous morphine co-medication improves bile duct visualization of dual-energy CT-cholangiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty potential donors for living-related liver transplantation underwent CT-cholangiography with infusion of a hepatobiliary contrast agent over 40min. Twenty minutes after the beginning of the contrast agent infusion, either normal saline (n=20 ...

We have applied an imaging system of phase-contrast X-ray CT to the detection of atherosclerotic plaque components by means of the differences of tissue mass densities. In this study, we investigated the effect of the anti-platelet therapies, widely used for secondly prevention of cardiovascular events, on plaque stability and examined ...

OBJECTIVES: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO)-based molecular imaging agents targeting macrophages have been developed and successfully applied in animal models of myocardial infarction. The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of macrophages using ferucarbotran (Resovist®) allows improved visualisation of the myocardial (peri-)infarct zone ...

We aimed to evaluate image quality, radiation dose and diagnostic accuracy of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) with a prospectively gated transverse-axial scan (PGT) compared with a retrospectively gated helical scan (RGH), using a 64-slice scanner in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Of the 131 consecutive patients that ...

This study was undertaken to characterize the effects of the linear periodized training in rats on aerobic and anaerobic performance, glycogen concentration in soleus, gastrocnemius and liver, hormones concentrations (testosterone and corticosterone), enzymes and metabolites (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, uric acid and urea) as well as antioxidant system (catalase, ...

ABSTRACTBackground: Single-volume proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) has considerable diagnostic potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated 1H MRS in specific regions of the brain, the posterior cingulate gyri (PCG) and the hippocampus, in patients with AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and in normal control subjects.Methods: 1H ...

White blood cell (WBC) scintigraphy is considered the nuclear medicine imaging gold standard for diagnosing osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. Recent papers have suggested that the use of (18)F-FDG PET/CT produces similar diagnostic accuracy, but clear interpretation criteria have not yet been established. Our aim was to evaluate the role ...