ABSTRACT: Emergency medicine physicians are often faced with the challenging task of differentiating true acute ischemic strokes from stroke mimics. We present a case that was initially diagnosed as acute stroke. However, perfusion CT and EEG eventually led to the final diagnosis of status epilepticus. This case further asserts the ...

Background: Brain imaging in stroke aims at the detection of the relevant ischemic tissue pathology. Cranial computed tomography (CT) is frequently used in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) but no data is available on how it directly compares to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: We compared detection of acute ...

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage and mesenteric ischemia are two conditions that require rapid and accurate diagnosis. In this article, the author discusses these conditions in the light of current available diagnosing modalities, such as multi-detector computed tomography.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common acute cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction and stroke. The prompt diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of patients with acute PE can reduce mortality. Multidetector row computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the most common study used to make the diagnosis of acute ...

OBJECTIVE: Perfusion CT is being increasingly used as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. It can be performed rapidly and aids in the detection of salvageable tissue (penumbra) from the unsalvageable core infarct. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the imaging ...

To review the diagnostic power of various computed tomography (CT) signs in acute appendicitis, in particular those initially classified as inconclusive. Retrospective review of 100 CT abdomen and pelvis studies with assessment of maximal luminal diameter, wall thickness and cross-sectional diameter of the appendix, periappendiceal inflammatory changes, and presence of ...

To investigate fluctuations in the amplitude of low-frequency blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI during acute brain ischemia, and to evaluate the use of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) in resting state fMRI for assessing super-acute focal cerebral ischemic stroke. A super-acute stroke model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:A new FPCT application offers the possibility of perfusion (FPCT CBV) and parenchymal (FPCT) imaging within the angiography suite. We tested the hypothesis that findings in FPCT CBV and FPCT would correlate with those obtained using MSCT and PCT.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In 16 patients with acute MCA occlusion, FPCT ...

OBJECTIVES: To identify CT features that discriminate individuals with and without acute appendicitis in patients with equivocal CT findings, and to assess whether knowledge of these findings improves diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: 53 patients that underwent appendectomy with an indeterminate preoperative CT interpretation were selected and allocated to an acute appendicitis ...

Although the detection of crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) by means of different imaging modalities is well described, little is known about its diagnosis by computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging. We investigated the detection rate of CCD by CTP imaging and the factors related to CCD on CTP images in patients ...

Purpose:To test whether the relationship between acute ischemic infarct size on concurrent computed tomographic (CT) angiography source images and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance images is dependent on the parameters of CT angiography acquisition protocols.Materials and Methods:This retrospective study had institutional review board approval, and all records were HIPAA compliant. Data ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is the key method for diagnosing acute ischemic stroke. Applied b values in stroke diffusion studies are usually in the range of 800-1500s/mm(2), but progress in magnetic resonance (MR) technology now permits higher b values. However, it is uncertain whether high-b-value DW sequences improve ...

ABSTRACTBackground: The neurobiological basis of increased risk of dementia in stroke patients is unclear, though there are several related pathological changes, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and medial temporal atrophy. Subcortical gray matter structures have also been implicated in dementia resulting from vascular pathology, particularly vascular dementia. This study aimed ...

AIMS: We analyzed early diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of patients with acute basilar artery occlusion by applying different lesion scoring systems and determined their predictive value for favorable outcome. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2010, patients with confirmed basilar artery occlusion were entered in a local database. magnetic resonance imaging angiography ...

Advances in handheld computing now allow review of DICOM datasets from remote locations. As the diagnostic ability of this tool is unproven, we evaluated the ability to diagnose acute appendicitis on abdominal CT using a mobile DICOM viewer. This HIPAA compliant study was IRB-approved. Twenty-five abdominal CT studies from patients ...

The changes in the signals for brain metabolites in the left cerebellum of a 14-year-old boy with acute hemicerebellitis were monitored using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). From the onset of disease treatment to long-term follow-up, MRS data were serially acquired from the left and right cerebella, basal ganglia (BG), ...

Crossed cerebellar hyperperfusion (CCH) is detected in patients with epilepsy by brain perfusion studies including single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. In addition, brain perfusion can be studied with arterial spin labeling (ASL), which is a non-invasive MRI perfusion method that quantitatively measures cerebral blood flow per ...

We report a case of atypical muscle localization of plasma cell leukemia (PCL), arisen from a secondary leukemic transformation of multiple myeloma (MM), detected by F-18 FDG PET/CT. A 57-year-old woman with a history of MM received chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with complete treatment response. Five years later, ...

OBJECTIVE: This article illustrates the normal and pathologic sonographic appearances of bowel, with an emphasis on diagnostic ultrasound techniques. CONCLUSION: The current role of ultrasound for adult bowel evaluation is limited in the United States, with CT emerging as the primary modality for evaluation of the acute abdomen. However, mounting ...

Our purpose in this study was to develop a computer-aided detection scheme for identification of hypoattenuation of acute stroke on unenhanced CT images to select patients for thrombolysis of acute stroke. This method is based on a z-score mapping method. The algorithm of the developed method consisted of five main ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review focuses on recent achievements obtained by means of imaging techniques in clinical and experimental studies on acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). RECENT FINDINGS: The review focuses on four imaging techniques: computed tomography (CT), PET, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and ultrasound, ...

Contemporary imaging technologies permit the rapid and accurate assessment of the acute stroke patient. These studies form the underpinning of all therapeutic approaches. Although unenhanced computed tomography remains the principal diagnostic examination to exclude hemorrhagic stroke, multimodal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be use to assess cerebral perfusion ...

Background: The utility of admission CT perfusion (CTP) to that of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as a predictor of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute stroke was compared. Methods: We analyzed the admission CTP and DWI scans of 96 consecutive stroke patients. HT was present in 22 patients (23%). Infarct core was ...

Accurate segmentation of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) regions in stroke CT images is important in assessing stroke patients. Manual segmentation is subjective, time consuming and error prone. There are currently no methods dedicated to extracting ventricular CSF regions in stroke CT images. 102 ischemic stroke CT scans (slice thickness between ...

AIM: To describe serial changes in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acute human infection from two outbreaks of Hendra virus (HeV), relate these changes to disease prognosis, and compare HeV encephalitis to reported cases of Nipah virus encephalitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MRI images of three human cases (two ...

The extent of the penumbra and the core of an acute ischemic stroke influence, at the given time, the impact of the recanalization of the occluded vessel on the outcome. Research studies have demonstrated that quantitative MR diffusion imaging and, to a lesser extent, CT perfusion (CTP) could provide an ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Our research focuses on interventional neuroradiology (stroke treatment including imaging methods) and general neuroimaging with an emphasis on functional MR imaging. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of revascularization (TIMI) of middle cerebral and/or carotid artery occlusion by means of mechanical recanalization techniques and to evaluate the ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We examined the impact of primary stroke center (PSC) certification on emergency department (ED) use and outcomes within an integrated delivery system in which EDs underwent staggered certification. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 30 461 patients seen in 17 integrated delivery system EDs with a primary diagnosis ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the common MRI findings of acute cholangitis compared with those of non-acute cholangitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 31-month period, we performed MRCP and contrast-enhanced MRI on 173 patients with biliary abnormalities including duct dilatation or stricture. The causes of the ...

We describe an 8-year-old girl with the mildest form of acute necrotizing encephalopathy, associated with pandemic influenza A. She manifested a convulsion engendering deterioration of consciousness, although cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging within 4 hours after the convulsion revealed no abnormalities. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging 20 hours after ...

MRI has become the primary tool for assessment of myocardial inflammation in patients with suspected acute myocarditis. Optimal diagnostic performance is achieved with late gadolinium-enhanced sequences, but cine balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) MRI sequences are routinely used to evaluate cardiac function. Our aim was to prospectively assess the diagnostic ...

Radiologic-pathologic correlation was evaluated as a quality assurance tool by documenting error rates of 18 radiologists interpreting computed tomographic (CT) scans for acute appendicitis in 763 patients. The departmental error rate was 3.1%. Meaningful individual error rates could be determined in only the seven radiologists who interpreted ≥30 CT scans ...

BACKGROUND: Phytobezoar-induced small bowel obstruction is an uncommon clinical entity accounting for 2-4.8% of all mechanical intestinal obstructions. In addition, presentation with features of acute surgical abdomen is extremely rare, accounting for only 1% of the patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this report is to present a very rare case ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Multimodal CT imaging consisting of nonenhanced CT, CT angiography (CTA), and whole-brain volume perfusion CT is increasingly used for acute stroke imaging. In these patients, presence of vessel occlusion is an important factor governing treatment decisions and possible endovascular therapy. The goal of this study was to ...

We recently experienced the case of an intramuscular chloroma with infection in a 7-year-old boy diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the lesion mimicked an abscess, but diffusion-weighted imaging showed no diffusion restriction. These results suggested that the interior cystic portion was serous. On ...

BACKGROUND: Subdural hematomas are not infrequent among patients with hematologic disorders as they are prone to thrombocytopenia from their disease and chemotherapy. However, rarely these patients can also have leukemic involvement of the subdural space. METHODS: Case Report with CT scan and intraoperative photographs. RESULTS: A 45-year-old woman with acute ...

Aim:  The diagnosis of acute liver failure due to autoimmune hepatitis is often difficult because of atypical clinicopathological features. Patients with autoimmune acute liver failure are sometimes resistant to immunosuppressive therapy and have poor prognosis. Although their survival rates are especially poor (5-20%) without liver transplantation in Japan, their clinicopathological ...

This commentary will discuss the use of the "stroke window" settings in the evaluation of CT head examinations and advocate its more widespread use in patients who present with neurological symptoms in addition to patients with suspected stroke. We present examples of the use of stroke windows which revealed subtle ...

The admission noncontrast head CT has been demonstrated to be one of several key early clinical and imaging features in the challenging problem of prediction of long-term outcome after acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we employ two novel approaches to the problem of imaging classification and outcome ...

Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and long-term neurological deficits. Although cerebrovascular disorders occur less often in children than in adults, recognition of stroke in children has probably increased because of the widespread application of noninvasive diagnostic studies such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether diffuse increased splenic fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake may be an indirect sign of an acute pyogenic cause of infectious spondylitis (IS). METHODS: A retrospective review identified consecutive records of patients with IS who underwent F-18 FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans ...

Although central nervous system (CNS) involvement in acute myeloid leukemia has been described in about 2 to 4%, it still represents a major therapeutic problem, particularly cauda eqina involvement that is clinically significant and unusual. Here, a 22-year-old man, with underlying AML (M2-Subtype, FAB classification) and cytogenetic analysis resulted in ...

Evaluation for fever of unknown origin (FUO) requires a long list of studies. Recently, the validity of PET scan in FUO evaluation has been approved for screening and qualification. Non-bacterial osteitis (NBO) refers to non-bacterial and non-specific inflammation of bone, which is usually chronic, and involves multiple bony sites. We ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The recent redefinition of transient ischemic attack (TIA) reclassifies patients with acute infarction on magnetic resonance imaging as ischemic stroke. Redefinition will improve the prognosis of both TIA and ischemic stroke, an epidemiological paradox known as the Will Rogers phenomenon. We sought to quantify the impact of ...

Background: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after acute ischemic stroke is frequently detected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in particular in patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Knowledge about causes and early clinical consequences of HT mostly arises from computed tomography-based studies. We analyzed potential predictors and early outcome of HT ...

A case of acute limb ischemia secondary to iliac artery dissection is presented along with its management. Images highlighting the features of dissection on a noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scan are presented and discussed.

PURPOSE: The goal of this work is to describe the radiological appearance and clinical presentation of subperiosteal iliac hematoma and present a review of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the radiological and clinical files of 19 patients (age range: 12-75; mean: 47) who presented with acute or ...

Brain injury from carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning occurs due to tissue hypoxia and direct CO-mediated histotoxicity. Recently developed susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is sensitive for the detection of accumulated hemosiderin and iron secondary to cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, we hypothesized that SWI may be helpful for identifying petechial hemorrhagic transformation secondary to ...

INTRODUCTION: Recently two classification methods based on the location and the extent of thrombosis detected with CT angiography have been introduced: the Boston Acute Stroke Imaging Scale (BASIS) and the clot burden score (CBS). We studied the performance of BASIS and CBS in predicting good clinical outcome (mRS ≤2 at ...

Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse has increased among athletes in recent years. However, AAS abuse can increase hypercoagulopathy and cause cerebrovascular disease. We report a case of a 27-year-old man who had right hemiparalysis, hemianopia, dysarthria, and double vision in the middle of muscle training. He suspected acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ...