This paper reports on the results of a large scale mapping of SNOMED CT on scientific medical corpora. The aim is to automatically access the validity, reliability and coverage of the Swedish SNOMED-CT translation, the largest, most extensive available resource of medical terminology. The method described here is based on ...

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is the result of chronic recurrent hemorrhages (e.g., arteriovenous malformations, tumors, or trauma), which leads to the accumulation of cytotoxic hemosiderin and presents with hearing loss, cerebellar dysfunction, and myelopathy. This article presents a clinical case of an 11-year-old boy in whom the ...

The investigation of alterations in vessel morphology of transgenic mouse models generally requires time-consuming and laborious planimetry of histological sections. This postmortem analysis is per se restricted to endpoint studies and, furthermore, may reflect the situation in vivo to a limited degree only. For the repetitive and noninvasive monitoring of ...

It is generally thought that fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) represents a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder occuring in male carriers of a premutation expansion (55-200 CGG repeats) in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR 1) gene. However, several female patients with FXTAS have also been reported recently. Here, we describe ...

Ultra-high field 7T MRI offers superior signal-to-noise and spatial resolution relative to any other noninvasive imaging technique. By revealing fine anatomical details of the living brain, 7T MRI allows neuroimaging researchers the opportunity to observe in patients disease-related structural changes previously apparent only on postmortem tissue analysis. Alzheimer's disease (AD) ...

For radiological technologists, it is very important to understand the principle of computed tomography (CT) and CT artifacts derived from mechanical and electrical failure. In this study, a CT system for educating radiological technologists was developed. The system consisted of a cone-beam CT scanner and educational software. The cone-beam CT ...

This paper presents a new supervised learning framework for the efficient recognition and segmentation of anatomical structures in 3D computed tomography (CT), with as little training data as possible. Training supervised classifiers to recognize organs within CT scans requires a large number of manually delineated exemplar 3D images, which are ...

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is being diagnosed in increasing numbers in metropolitan cities of India for which the availability of specialist neurologists and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) facilities are primarily responsible. Epidemiological data are unavailable. Existing data have been obtained from small often retrospective studies from different parts of the country. ...

This work addresses the challenging problem of simultaneously segmenting multiple anatomical structures in highly varied CT scans. We propose the entangled decision forest (EDF) as a new discriminative classifier which augments the state of the art decision forest, resulting in higher prediction accuracy and shortened decision time. Our main contribution ...

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related neoplasm that originates in pleural mesothelial cells and progresses locally along the pleura until it encases the lungs and mediastinum, ultimately causing death. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and optimal management. Computed tomography (CT) continues to be the primary and initial ...

Imaging techniques including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET) have been widely applied to the investigation of patients with acute or chronic ataxias. Fundamentally, CT has a role in the emergency evaluation of the patient with acute ataxia ...

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the novice NMR imager to blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast as well as remind the seasoned veteran of its beauty. Introduction to many of the factors that influence the BOLD signal is given higher priority than pursuing any subset in exquisite ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now considered a routine tool for comparative morphological imaging in small vertebrate model organisms. However, the application of high-resolution imaging protocols to visualize the anatomy of invertebrate organisms has not yet become a generally accepted tool among zoologists. Here, we describe MRI protocols that permit ...

Here we describe MRI and (1)H MRS protocols for the investigation of animal models (mainly mice and rats) of psychiatric disorders. The introduction provides general findings from brain imaging studies in patients with psychiatric diseases and refers to general rules regarding the use of animal models in research. The methods ...

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) relies on contrasts that are due to the shortening of the T (1) relaxation time of tissue water protons that become exposed to paramagnetic manganese ions. In experimental animals, the technique combines the high spatial resolution achievable by MRI with the biological information gathered by ...

Intracranial tuberculoma and neurocysticercosis (NCC) are the most frequent granulomatous infections in the central nervous system. Here we report a 41-year-old man with disseminated intracranial tuberculoma mimicking NCC. The patient complained of relapsing vertigo and vomiting consistent with Bruns syndrome. Serum antibodies against cysticercosis were positive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a superior noninvasive diagnostic tool widely used in clinical medicine, with more than 60 million MRI tests performed each year worldwide. More specialized high-resolution MRI systems capable of a resolution that is 100-1,000 times higher than standard MRI instruments are used primarily in materials science, ...

Molecular magnetism is a new and extremely fascinating field on the borders of chemistry, physics and materials science. The design and synthesis of molecule-based magnets requires the chemist to exert considerable control over the molecules to arrange them appropriately. It also demands the development of new theories to explain the ...

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) has now been virtually eliminated by the discovery of its association with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and the consequent reduced use of GBCA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in severe renal failure patients. This review of 408 biopsy-confirmed cases shows how to minimize NSF risk when performing ...

Molecular imaging, including fluorescence imaging (FMI), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT), and computed tomography (CT), has a pivotal role in the process of tumor and relevant drug research. CT, especially Micro-CT, can provide the anatomic information for a region of interest (ROI); PET and ...

Small animal imaging has been a major player in an increasing amount of oncological experiments wherein magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a favorite choice of measures for in vivo small animal imaging due to its advantages of excellent resolution and innocuousness. Based on a clinical MRI scanner, we propose ...

Resonant frequencies of cantilevered (8,8)(3,3) double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) resonators are investigated via classical molecular dynamics simulation. The interwall van der Walls forces as a nonlinear function had a great effect on noncoaxial vibration of DWCNT resonators. Bandwidths of DWCNT resonators with short outer walls were similar with each other ...

The goal of this work is to build an ontology of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The MRI domain has been analysed regarding MRI simulators and the DICOM standard. Tow MRI simulators have been analysed: JEMRIS, which is developed in XML and C++, has a hierarchical organisation and SIMRI, which is developed ...

The macrostructural atrophy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been fully described. Current literature reports that also microstructural alterations occur in AD since the early stages. However, whether the microstructural changes offer unique information independent from macrostructural atrophy is unclear. Aim of this study is to define the independent contribution of ...

We derive herein first and second-order differential operators for detecting structure in diffusion tensor MRI (DTI). Unlike existing methods, we are able to generate full first and second-order differentials without dimensionality reduction and while respecting the underlying manifold of the data. Further, we extend corner and curvature feature detectors to ...

This paper presents a fast method for quantifying shape differences/similarities between pairs of magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. Most shape comparisons in the literature require some kind of deformable registration or identification of exact correspondences. The proposed approach relies on an optimal matching of a large collection of features, using ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that is clinically characterized by the presence of memory impairment and later by impairment in other cognitive domains. The clinical diagnosis is based on interviews with the patient and his/her relatives and on neuropsychological assessment, which are also used to ...

Deconvolution-based analysis of CT and MR brain perfusion data is widely used in clinical practice and it is still a topic of ongoing research activities. In this paper, we present a comprehensive derivation and explanation of the underlying physiological model for intravascular tracer systems. We also discuss practical details that ...

Although radiologists can employ CAD systems to characterize malignancies, pulmonary fibrosis and other chronic diseases; the design of imaging techniques to quantify infectious diseases continue to lag behind. There exists a need to create more CAD systems capable of detecting and quantifying characteristic patterns often seen in respiratory tract infections ...

The role of structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming more and more emphasized in the early diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to assess the improvement in classification accuracy that can be achieved by combining features from different structural MRI analysis techniques. Automatically estimated MR features ...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has established itself as a major imaging modality in life science research and clinical practice. It is characterized by high spatial resolution, high soft tissue contrast, non-invasiveness, and universal applicability in terms of orientation and location of imaging areas. The procedure allows furthermore the investigation of ...

SYNOPSIS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is capable of producing images in any anatomical plane, visualizing and analyzing a variety of tissue characteristics, as well as quantifying blood flow and metabolic functions. Although MRI details of compact bone and calcium are poor when compared to those taken with plain radiography or ...

SYNOPSIS: This article is intended for the clinician charged with either diagnosing or treating patients with lower extremity symptoms thought to be of musculoskeletal etiology. It gives a brief overview of the imaging techniques that can be utilized, common pathology, and certain pearls and pitfalls that may be encountered in ...

The ability to refer for diagnostic tests is particularly relevant to the topic of this special issue on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a doctoring profession, one could argue that the ability to refer a patient for MRI (and other imaging applications) must be available to the direct-access physical therapist. ...

SYNOPSIS: Medical practitioners have a variety of imaging modalities at their disposal. The exquisite soft tissue delineation available with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has resulted in the rising utilization of this particular modality. Increasingly, physical therapists around the world are actively involved in not only referring patients with musculoskeletal conditions ...

Pneumothorax detection in emergency situations must be rapid and at the point of care. Current standards for detection of a pneumothorax are supine chest X-rays, ultrasound, and CT scans. Unfortunately these tools and the personnel necessary for their facile utilization may not be readily available in acute circumstances, particularly those ...

Mammary gland development starts in utero with one or several pairs of mammary rudiments (MRs) budding from the surface ectodermal component of the mammalian embryonic skin. Mice develop five pairs, numbered MR1 to MR5 from pectoral to inguinal position. We have previously shown that Gli3(Xt-J/Xt-J) mutant embryos, which lack the ...

The goal of this review is to present the state of the art in imaging tests for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Relevant publications regarding performance and advantages/disadvantages of imaging modalities for the diagnosis of appendicitis in different clinical situations were reviewed. Articles were extracted from a computerized database (MEDLINE) ...

Introduction: Structural brain imaging in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) has progressed remarkably over the years with respect to technology and study design. Methods: Published studies of patients with TBI which used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), volumetric measures and a longitudinal design?that is, one in which data were collected ...

Lymphoma is the seventh most common type of malignancy in both sexes. It is a neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid cells at various stages of differentiation and affects lymph nodes with infiltration into the bone marrow, spleen and thymus. However, extra nodal involvement is frequently seen in many cases. With the ...

A growing body of literature addresses the application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Most TBIs are of mild severity, and their diagnosis and prognosis are often challenging. These challenges may be exacerbated in medicolegal contexts, where plaintiffs seek to present objective evidence that supports a ...

Survival after childhood cancer has dramatically increased in the last 3 to 4 decades. Among extracranial tumours, Wilms tumours and other less common kidney tumours have the best results, but treatment of neuroblastoma, often disseminated at diagnosis, is still extremely challenging. How did survival of solid tumours in childhood increase ...

Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignant neoplasm. The development of HCC in cirrhotic liver is described either as de novo hepatocarcinogenesis or as a multistep progression, from low-grade dysplastic nodule (DN) to high-grade DN, then to DN with microscopic foci of HCC, then to small HCC, ...

Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary tumor of the liver that arises from bile duct epithelium after hepatocellular carcinoma. Most such tumors are adenocarcinomas. Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare tumor (2:100,000) with a slight male prevalence in people older than 65 years. Its incidence is increasing although there are no ...

Recent advances in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography have led to the detection of incidental gastrointestinal tract and mesenteric abnormalities in both the oncology and nononcology patient population that in the past remained undiscovered. These incidentalomas are unexpected, asymptomatic abnormalities that are discovered serendipitously while ...

The increasing use of cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has led to an increase in the discovery of incidental adrenal nodules/masses. Although most of these will be benign adenomas, other masses can also rarely present as incidentalomas. The use of various imaging modalities ...

SNOMED CT is gaining momentum in its acceptance and operational application as a reference terminology in electronic health systems. Because it is revised every six months, organizations using SNOMED CT might feel a need to ensure that their systems are synchronized with these revisions. It has been shown that for ...

We developed a Gd-DTPA (gadolinium(III)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)-based coating copolymer of hydrophilic and hydrophobic subunits to obtain visibility, hydrophilicity, and durability for passive visualization of catheters used in MR-guided interventions. We then examined a metal-free catheter coated with the polymer in a phantom and in porcine brain tissue ex vivo. Successful visualization ...

ABSTRACT: Nuclear medicine has become a key part of molecular imaging. In the present review article, we focus on the transbilayer phospholipids as exquisite targets for radiolabelled probes in molecular imaging. Asymmetry of phospholipid distribution is a characteristic of mammalian cell membranes. Phosphatidylcholine and sphyngomyelin cholinophospholipids are primarily located within ...

Detection, characterization, staging, and treatment monitoring are major roles in imaging diagnosis in liver cancers. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) using microbubble contrast agents has expanded the role of US in the detection and diagnosis of liver nodules in patients at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CEUS provides an accurate differentiation ...