A 3 yr old female spayed English setter mixed-breed dog presented with diarrhea, weight loss, side stepping to the right, and a right head tilt. Rectal and cerebrospinal fluid cytology and culture confirmed a diagnosis of Prototheca zopfii. MRI of the brain showed inflammation of the brain and meninges, ventriculomegaly, ...

In general, MR image contrast is expected to be resolution independent, but a pronounced loss of contrast is observed between fluids and tissues with contemporary musculoskeletal protocols (typical inplane resolution << 1 mm) using nonbalanced steady-state free precession, such as double echo steady state. For nonbalanced steady-state free precession, diffusion ...

Abstract Conclusion. Contrast enhancement of the inner ear by three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (3D-FLAIR MRI) taken 4 h after intravenous gadolinium (Gd) injection was better than when taken at 10 min. Using heavily T2-weighted 3D-FLAIR MRI, visualization of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) was possible in the vestibule and ...

A variety of techniques are now available to directly or indirectly detect signal from tissues, fluids and materials that have short, ultrashort or supershort T(2) or T(2)* components. There are also methods of developing image contrast between tissues and fluids in the short T(2) or T(2)* range that can provide ...

The purpose of this study is to correlate the presence of intradiscal vacuum phenomenon on CT to that of intradiscal fluid on MRI. In a prospective study, 20 patients with lumbar vacuum phenomenon on CT underwent two MRI examinations. One was performed after mobilization, and the other was performed after ...

To describe a relapse of Whipple disease revealed by isolated limbic encephalitis with no other signs of systemic involvement. Case report. University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Patient  A 41-year-old patient. Cognitive functions and results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis and brain magnetic resonance imaging. A 41-year-old patient was hospitalized for ...

Orbito-cranial foreign bodies present a treacherous situation that can escape detection. The only evidence of these foreign bodies may be the entry wound in the form of a small lid laceration. A two-year-old boy presented with right upper lid laceration following a fall two hours back. Analysis of the fluid ...

Computed tomography (CT) imaging is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of colorectal diseases. However, the colonic wall depiction in 2D CT images is usually poor because of the low contrast between the colonic wall and the luminal content. In order to improve the visualization of the colonic wall and ...

The first step in the management of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is awareness of the disease. Patients vulnerable to PML are those with immunosuppression, either through their disease or use of immune-modulating therapy. In patients susceptible to PML who exhibit focal neurologic signs and symptoms, brain magnetic resonance imaging can ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The hyperintense acute reperfusion marker (HARM) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI is believed to be caused by gadolinium-based contrast agents crossing a disrupted blood-brain barrier. However, this hypothesis has never been directly verified in humans. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine MRI characteristics which indicate liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) rather than metastases of other origin (non-NET). METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with histopathologically proven liver metastases from NET and 69 patients with known liver metastases of other origin underwent MRI of the ...

Extra-osseous fat fluid level is rarely seen in osteomyelitis, with only three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cases previously reported in the literature. The rarity of this finding is probably secondary to the extensive necrosis of bone marrow that needs to occur at a rapid phase for the fat to accumulate. ...

We describe a rare case of a patient with left frontotemporal gliosarcoma, which metastasized through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the leptomeninges and pachymeninges. Pathologically confirmed, magnetic resonance imaging-visible leptomeningeal spread of gliosarcoma via the CSF has not been previously reported.

We describe patients with isolated small-bowel angioedema caused by allergic reactions to intravenous contrast media. Computed tomography (CT) revealed circumferential thickening of the walls of the duodenum or jejunum. Follow-up small-bowel follow-through, small-bowel endoscopy, and CT showed normalized small-bowel loops. Transient findings of circumferential thickening of the small-bowel walls on ...

Purpose: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt or ventriculoatrial shunt is a common operation for treatment of hydrocephalus. Usually, shunt series (plain radiographs of the skull, neck, chest and abdomen) and brain computed tomography (CT) are used to monitor the status of hydrocephalus and VP shunt. However, does the result of a brain ...

Purpose: To prospectively compare adequacy of colonic cleansing, adequacy of solid stool and fluid tagging, and patient acceptance by using reduced-volume, 2-L polyethylene glycol (PEG) versus magnesium citrate bowel preparations for CT colonography. Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the institutional Committee on Human Research and was compliant ...

The dispersion stability of soft magnetic carbonyl iron (CI)-based magnetorheological (MR) fluids was improved by applying a unique functional coating composed of a conducting polyaniline layer and a multi-walled carbon nanotube nest to the surfaces of the CI particles via conventional dispersion polymerization, followed by facile solvent casting. The coating ...

A simple fiber sensor for magnetic field measurement based on nanoparticle Fe₃O₄ magnetic fluid and relative Fresnel reflection is presented. The sensor includes only a light source, three couplers, two photodetectors, and two fiber sensing ends. Magnetic fields at different concentrations of magnetic fluid are measured. Magnetic fluid with high ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when measuring and characterising periprosthetic fluid collections in patients with painful hip prosthesis and to provide an estimation of interobserver reproducibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients (mean age 59±13 years) with painful total ...

Our aim was to compare different magnet arrangements for magnetic cell delivery to human lower leg arteries and investigate the theoretical targeting efficiency under realistic flow conditions as a possible treatment after angioplasty. Additionally the potential of scaling down or translating the magnetic actuation device for preclinical studies was explored. ...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a 0.014-in., anti-solenoid loop (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging guidewire (MRIG) for intravascular 3.0-T MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We first designed the ASL MRIG, which was made of a coaxial cable with its extended inner conductor and outer conductor connected to two micro-anti-solenoids. We ...

Abstract We report an atypical presentation of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the distal phalanx of the left thumb. On physical examination, there was no clinical evidence of a local lesion, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple intraosseous cavities filled with fluid. A biopsy specimen showed a well-differentiated SCC, ...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces include ventricles, and cerebral and spinal subarachnoid spaces. CSF motion is a combined effect of CSF production rate and superimposed cardiac pulsations. Knowledge of CSF dynamics has benefited considerably from the development of phase-contrast (PC) MRI. There are several disorders such as communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus, ...

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a routinely used technique in clinical practice to detect long T(2) lesions by suppressing the cerebrospinal fluid. Concerns remain, however, that the inversion pulse in FLAIR imparts T(1) weighting that can decrease the detectability and mischaracterize some lesions. Hence, FLAIR is usually acquired in conjunction ...

Gadolinium metal-organic framework (Gd MOF) nanoparticles are an interesting and novel class of nanomaterials that are being studied as a potential replacement for small molecule positive contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite the tremendous interest in these nanoscale imaging constructs, there are limitations, particularly with respect to controlling ...

To demonstrate the feasibility of intravenous Flat Detector CT Angiography (FD-CTA) for visualisation of intracranial Flow Diverting Devices. Flow Diverting Devices are used increasingly for treatment of intracranial aneurysms. A close follow up is necessary because it becomes obvious that a significant proportion of aneurysms treated with these devices remain ...

An acute spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a rare spinal pathology. A 57-year-old man who had hypertension and had been on dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel for primary prevention presented with the sudden onset of mid back pain and monoplegia of the left lower extremity. Magnetic resonance ...

PURPOSE:: To assess the risk of damage to the popliteal neurovascular structures when inserting the needle through the posterior aspect of the knee during inside-out suture of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. METHODS:: The first stage of our study consisted of simulating a virtual meniscal suture during magnetic ...

This paper presents an algorithm for the automatic detection of intravenous contrast in CT scans. This is useful e.g. for quality control, given the unreliability of the existing DICOM contrast metadata. The algorithm is based on a hybrid discriminative-generative probabilistic model. A discriminative detector localizes enhancing regions of interest in ...

The objective of this continuing professional development module is to describe the role of ultrasound for spine demarcation before placement of neuraxial blocks and to provide a comprehensive systematic approach towards ultrasound scanning in obstetric patients. Ultrasound imaging of the lumbar spine has been shown to be effective in improving ...

We sought to evaluate radioisotope cisternography (RICG)-related postpuncture CSF leakage by MRI. We conducted a prospective 3-day imaging study. Ten patients with orthostatic headache and other symptoms underwent pre-RICG brain and spinal MRI, magnetic resonance myelography (MRM), RICG, and post-RICG spinal MRI and MRM. For RICG, we used a 25-gauge ...

To compare, using CT epidurography, the cranial distribution of contrast after epidural injection when saline or air is used for the loss of resistance (LOR) technique in identifying the epidural space. Prospective, randomized, cross-over experimental study. Nine healthy adult Beagle dogs. Under general anaesthesia, a spinal needle (22-gauge, 70 mm) ...

Spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) can lead to progressive neurological deficits that are the result of spinal cord compression. Most of the reported cases of SEH had nontraumatic origins, and they were mainly in the acute stage. Traumatic SEH in a child is rare, and it is also difficult to diagnose ...

The authors describe the case of a 47-year-old woman with a wide (14 × 12-cm) ulcerated lumbosacral myelomeningocele. The patient had sought medical attention for a sudden copious CSF leak from the lumbosacral sac followed by clinical signs of CSF leakage. After admission, neuroradiological assessment (spinal MR and 3D CT ...

Data on the prevalence of persistent olfactory bulb ventricles (OBV) in humans remain contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis of large cystic-like OBVs filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a frequent finding in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fifty normosmic volunteers (25 men and 25 women, ...

We have a 30-year-old female patient suffering from secondary hydrocephalus. She has had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) implanted following a rupture and a successful clipping of the aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA). Three weeks after implanting of the VPS, respiratory and abdominal difficulties with febrility appeared. We diagnosed ...

Intracranial hypotension may have variable clinical presentation. The imaging characteristics of intracranial hypotension are especially well depicted on magnetic resonance imaging studies. Although the clinical and radiological manifestations of spontaneous intracranial hypotension are increasingly recognized in many reports, many other abnormalities in this disorder and complicating cases still exist. A ...

To investigate volumetric changes of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces after shunt surgery in shunt-responsive idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), and correlations between the changes and postoperative clinical improvements. Twenty-one patients with shunt-responsive iNPH were studied. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed before and 1year after ...

A 15-year-old girl, who had had occasional tension-type headache, developed, rather suddenly and without any obvious reason, severe headache. She was admitted to hospital, where examination including CT and magnetic resonance scans did not show any abnormality. A visit to her own general practitioner 7 months later showed tenderness in ...

Magnetic resonance image (MRI) is the most sensitive imaging test of the spine in routine clinical practice. Unlike conventional x-ray examinations and computed tomography scans, high-quality magnetic resonance images can be assured only if patients are able to remain perfectly still. However, some patients find it uncomfortable to remain still ...

To assess the three-dimensional turbo spin echo with variable flip-angle distribution magnetic resonance sequence (SPACE: Sampling Perfection with Application optimised Contrast using different flip-angle Evolution) for the imaging of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces. We prospectively investigated 18 healthy volunteers and 25 patients, 20 with communicating hydrocephalus (CH), five with ...

OBJECTIVE: spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a syndrome of postural headaches that arises as a result of CSF leakage and without previous lumbar puncture. The purpose of this study was to review and describe the spinal imaging findings of this entity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The spinal MRI and CT myelographic imaging ...

OBJECT: The objective of this study was to determine the role of intracranial CSF examination in detecting true cases of early tumor dissemination. Cerebrospinal fluid dissemination is an ominous feature of pediatric brain tumors, occurring in as many as 30% of medulloblastomas, 25% of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), and ...

Timely recognition and surgical decompression are crucial to minimize risk of permanent neurologic deficit from epidural hematoma. We present the case of a patient who developed acute back pain, sensory deficit, and ascending weakness 9 days after removal of a labor epidural catheter. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous fluid ...

Although segmentation algorithms for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white matter (WM), and gray matter (GM) on unenhanced computed tomographic (CT) images exist, there is no complete research in this area. To take into account poor image contrast and intensity variability on CT scans, the aim of this study was to derive ...

A 50-year-old epileptic woman affected by hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis was admitted to the hospital because of headache, dysarthria, and mild lateral pulsion. Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed left cerebellar hemorrhage. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrated an enlarged ventricular system unchanged from prior studies. Flow-sensitive ...

BACKGROUND: Epidural pneumatosis and pneumomediastinum are rare findings. Reports in children are exceedingly rare. Abnormal neurologic findings have yet to be reported. METHODS: We report on the case of a 7-year-old girl who was diagnosed with epidural pneumatosis with signs of neurologic compression in the setting of Haemophilus influenzae upper ...

A source of bleeding is often not evident during the evaluation of patients with superficial siderosis of the CNS despite extensive imaging. An intraspinal fluid-filled collection of variable dimensions is frequently observed on spine MR imaging in patients with idiopathic superficial siderosis. A similar finding has also been reported in ...

Accidental dural puncture is a well-recognized complication of obstetric epidurals that can potentially incapacitate the patient. Unrecognized dural puncture during epidural administration can lead to a delay in therapeutic intervention resulting in potentially serious complications. We report a case of a parturient who developed disabling intracranial hypotension and diplopia following ...

Objectives The techniques currently used to detect a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak are an indium radionucleotide scan and a CT scan with intrathecal iodinated contrast agent. They have a low spatial and temporal resolution and are unpleasant for the patient. This open-label prospective observational cohort study was designed to investigate ...