In recent years, the role of PET imaging in the prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) conversion has been the subject of many longitudinal studies. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of (18) F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) ...

Image analysis of the HER2 immunohistochemical (IHC) stain can help determine which breast cancer patients may benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. We studied the concordance of HER2 IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as well as reproducibility of surgical pathologist (SP) and cytotechnologist (CT) interpretations using manual and image analysis ...

The purpose of our study was to determine if six MRI findings of the proximal hamstrings differ in frequency in hamstrings with and without symptoms of tendinopathy. We reviewed the MRI examinations of 118 consecutive patients who had undergone pelvis MRI and evaluation by a musculoskeletal clinical specialist. The proximal ...

The purpose of our study was to compare the accuracy of 3D fat-suppressed isotropic turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequences using sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) with 2D conventional MRI at 3 T in determining meniscal tear types. Sixty-nine patients with arthroscopically confirmed meniscal tears underwent ...

Obesity is the major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and through it diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. Visceral fat (VF) rather than subcutaneous fat (SF) is the major predictor of adverse events. Currently, the reference standard for measuring VF is abdominal X-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging ...

PURPOSE: To describe a case of retrobulbar optic neuritis that presented within 3 weeks of adalimumab treatment initiation. METHODS: This index case was evaluated with visual field testing, brain magnetic resonance imaging, lumbar puncture, and laboratory evaluation, and treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by a steroid taper. RESULTS: Our patient made ...

Abstract Background. Implementation of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in frameless stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of lung tumours enables setup correction based on tumour position. The aim of this study was to compare setup accuracy with daily soft tissue matching to bony anatomy matching and evaluate intra- and inter-fractional translational ...

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of anticancer therapy is usually evaluated by anatomical imaging. However, this method may be suboptimal for the evaluation of novel treatment modalities, such as targeted therapy. Theoretically, functional assessment of tumour response by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is an attractive tool for this purpose and may allow ...

PURPOSE: The presence of disease activity in Crohn's disease (CD) is one of the main parameters used to establish whether optimal therapy should be drug therapy or surgery. However, a major problem in monitoring CD is the common mismatch between the patient's symptoms and imaging objective signs of disease activity. ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of additional diagnoses on neurodevelopmental outcomes of fetuses found to have callosal abnormalities after referral for ventriculomegaly (VM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 430 fetuses referred for VM that were imaged with sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fetuses with the diagnosis of ...

PURPOSE: Whole body (3D) and respiratory gated (4D) FDG-PET/CT scans performed pre-radiotherapy (pre-RT) and post-radiotherapy (post-RT) were analyzed to investigate the impact of 4D PET in evaluating 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake changes due to therapy, relative to traditional 3D PET. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 3D and 4D sequential FDG-PET/CT scans were acquired ...

Purpose:To retrospectively assess the relationships between a number of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features and growth rate of solid renal masses in patients undergoing active surveillance.Materials and Methods:This retrospective study was institutional review board approved, with waiver of informed consent. This study was HIPAA compliant. Forty-four patients (mean age, 70 ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the changes of SUV(max) and of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) before and after neoadjuvant therapy, to enable us predict the therapy response, in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). A total of 30 patients with LARC who underwent ...

Spontaneous resolution of syringomyelia in adult patients with Chiari malformation is exceptionally rare, with only 10 cases having been reported. A 21-year-old man working as a carpenter presented with a 1-year history of paresthesias in his right arm. A magnetic resonance imaging scan disclosed a cervicothoracic syrinx associated with tight ...

In many medical imaging applications, it is desirable and important to localize and remove the patient table from CT images. However, existing methods often require user interactions to define the table and sometimes make inaccurate assumptions about the table shape. Due to different patient table designs, shapes, and characteristics, these ...

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the volumetric integration patterns of standard MRI and (11)C-methionine positron emission tomography (PET) images in the surgery planning of gliomas and their relationship to the histological grade. METHODS: We studied 23 patients with suspected or previously treated glioma who underwent preoperative ...

PURPOSE: To quantify involvement of globus pallidus and two midbrain nuclei (substantia nigra and red nucleus) in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed T2 and T2* weighted imaging with calculation of the corresponding relaxation times on a subset of 5 patients from a larger group of 20 ...

Although "cerebellar ataxia" is often used in reference to a disease process, presumably there are different underlying pathogenetic mechanisms for different subtypes. Indeed, spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 2 and 6 demonstrate complementary phenotypes, thus predicting a different anatomic pattern of degeneration. Here, we show that an unsupervised classification method, based ...

BACKGROUND: Management of small and potentially resectable "mass" lesions encountered on CT/MRI scans in patients without obstructive jaundice (ObJ) is rather empirical since there is scant data on likelihood of neoplasm to formulate treatment strategies. We evaluated (1) the prevalence of neoplasm and (2) performance characteristics of EUS-FNA for diagnosing ...

ObjectivesTo study ontology modularization techniques when applied to SNOMED CT in a scenario in which no previous corpus of information exists and to examine if frequency-based filtering using MEDLINE can reduce subset size without discarding relevant concepts.Materials and MethodsSubsets were first extracted using four graph-traversal heuristics and one logic-based technique, ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:SWI is a unique pulse sequence sensitive to both hemorrhage and calcification. Our aim was to retrospectively assess the ability of SWI to detect intratumoral calcification in ODs compared with conventional MR imaging.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Using CT as criterion standard, the MR imaging findings from 71 patients (33 males, ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The relationship between the MR imaging features and clinical outcomes in patients with hypoglycemic encephalopathy has always been evaluated retrospectively. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether MR imaging features of patients presenting with hypoglycemic coma are predictive of short-term (1-week) outcomes.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Subjects were ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the morphologic and functional features of metastatic lymph nodes of colorectal carcinoma on (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (PET)/computed tomographic (CT) images and correlate these with pathologic results to explore the best diagnostic performance. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients without any previous ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and elucidate retear pattern and its characteristics after surgical repair of the rotator cuff using an arthroscopic double-row suture anchor (DRSA) method. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with complete rotator cuff tears treated by the DRSA method under ...

Context:Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is an inherited cancer syndrome in which patients are at risk of developing multiple tumors in different organs. 6-L-(18)F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine ((18)F-FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) is a relatively new metabolic imaging tracer proposed for the use of localizing sites of neuroendocrine tumors. There are limited data on ...

Objective. No study has done a comparative analysis of radiologic imaging findings between primary nasopharyngeal lymphoma (PNL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The purpose of this study was to analyze computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images and to evaluate the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of positron emission ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) issues (magnetic field interactions, heating, artifacts and functional alterations) at 1.5 T and 3 T for the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis (Second Sight Medical Products, Sylmar, CA, USA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized protocols were used to assess magnetic field interactions ...

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the accuracy of central luminal line (CLL) measurements in quantifying stent graft migration. The bias of the CLL technique together with observer variability were assessed. METHODS: Stent grafts were deployed in plastic aortic phantoms at fixed locations from two side branches. Each phantom was filled with ...

BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an uncommon but noteworthy primary pediatric renal malignancy. There is a paucity of published data regarding the CT/MRI appearances and accuracy of pretreatment radiologic staging of this form of cancer in children. OBJECTIVE: To review the various CT/MRI appearances of pediatric RCC and assess ...

Objectives: Haemophilic pseudotumour (HP) is an extremely rare lesion. The purpose of this study was to describe the CT and MRI features of the maxillary bone HPs and introduce the key points to differentiate HP from the mimicking entities in the region.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed three paediatric patients with histology-proven ...

Aim:  To determine the usefulness of magnetic resonance enterography in treatment of paediatric patients with Crohn's disease. Methods:  To evaluate small bowel involvement, 45 children with Crohn's disease were scheduled for magnetic resonance enterography. Two radiologists blinded to the patient data independently re-evaluated the images. Findings in images were compared ...

BACKGROUND: Nasal endoscopy is a routine, important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Although the procedure is ideally "objective," the subjective nature of endoscopy interpretation and lack of standardization are potential limitations. The goal of this study was to examine the interrater agreement of various categories of ...

This study assessed the diagnostic test accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of partial- and full-thickness rotator cuff tears in the adult population. A systematic review was conducted of the following electronic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, ISI Web of Science, ...

OBJECTIVES: The present work illustrates the current state of image quality and diagnostic accuracy in a new hybrid BrainPET/MR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 50 patients with intracranial masses, head and upper neck tumors or neurodegenerative diseases were examined with a hybrid BrainPET/MR consisting of a conventional 3T MR system and an ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been explored as a noninvasive tool to assess pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, the correlation between classical MRI measures and physical disability is modest in MS. The diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) MRI technique holds particular promise in this regard. The ...

A 25-year-old woman with recurrent syncopal episodes presented with a first time generalized tonic clonic (GTC) seizure. She had experienced two prior fainting spells lasting seconds and associated with diet pills and dehydration. She had another similar spell prior to falling, sustaining a laceration to the right posterior occiput, and ...

The purpose of this study is to describe a system for formally reporting second-opinion interpretations of CT imaging exams accompanying patients transferred emergently to a tertiary care center. Second-opinion interpretations of cross-sectional imaging exams rendered in the emergency department setting over 6 months spanning 22 September 2009 to 22 March 2010 ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Because it is a small subcortical structure, the precise measurement of the human LGN is still a technical challenge. In this article, we identify the LGN in vivo, measure its volume based on high-resolution MR imaging, and then relate its volume to subject age to evaluate the potential ...

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging elastography (MRE) and anatomic MRI features in the diagnosis of severe hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three readers independently assessed presence of morphological changes associated with hepatic fibrosis in 72 patients with liver biopsy including: caudate to right ...

BACKGROUND: Hand and wrist pain is a diagnostic challenge for hand surgeons and radiologists due to the complex anatomy of the involved small structures. The American College of Radiology recommends MRI as the study of choice in patients with chronic wrist pain if radiographs are negative. Lately, state-of-the-art SPECT/CT systems ...

BACKGROUND: Laterality defects are quite common in thoracoileopagus and parapagus dicephalus but rare in other types of conjoined twins. OBJECTIVE: To present the presumed laterality defects in cephalothoracoileopagus and prosopothoracoileopagus conjoined twins, based on the unilateral or bilateral absence or duplication of the spleen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three human anatomical ...

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with adverse health effects including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. We developed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of visceral adipose tissue (DXA-VAT) as a low cost and low radiation alternative to computed tomography (CT). DXA-VAT was compared to VAT assessed using CT ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Detection of underlying tumor in patients with unknown-origin acute ICH may be difficult because acute hematoma may mask enhancement of tumor on postcontrast CT. We intended to investigate the clinical utility of DECT in differentiating tumor bleeding from pure ICH.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Using a dual-source CT scanner, we obtained ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:PRES-related vasogenic edema is potentially reversible while hemorrhage occurs in only 15.2%-17.3% of patients. However, the true incidence of hemorrhage could be higher when SWI is considered. Thus, we set out to determine the incidence of MH, SAH, and IPH in PRES by using SWI and to particularly ...

BACKGROUND: Decline of hippocampal volume on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be considered as a surrogate biomarker of accumulating Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. Previously, we showed in the prospective population-based Rotterdam Scan Study that a higher rate of decline of hippocampal volume on MRI precedes clinical AD or memory decline. ...

Objective: We report here a case of neoplastic brachial plexopathy detected by musculoskeletal ultrasonography in a patient with chronic cervicobrachialgia. Methods/results: A 71-year-old man presented at Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Ankara, Turkey with a one-year history of cervicobrachial pain radiating to the left arm and ...

Mutations in the gene isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are present in up to 86% of grade II and III gliomas and secondary glioblastoma. Arginine 132 (R132) mutations in the enzyme IDH1 result in excess production of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which could be used as a biomarker for this subset ...

Recent studies have indicated that a significant survival advantage is conferred to patients with gliomas whose lesions harbor mutations in the genes isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2). IDH1/2 mutations result in aberrant enzymatic production of the potential oncometabolite d-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). Here, we report on the ex vivo detection of ...

BACKGROUND: Trochlear dysplasia is known to be an important cause of patellofemoral instability. D. Dejour's radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classifications are widely used in clinical practice and in the orthopaedic literature to assess the severity of trochlear dysplasia. The indication for deepening trochleoplasty to treat trochlear dysplasia is ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is iron overload by calculating the T2* value in the liver and myocardium in patients with secondary haemochromatosis. To analyse the correlation of the values obtained with the iron levels in blood, with the liver iron concentration (LIC) calculated using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and ...