The corpus callosum (CC) has emerged as one of the primary targets of autism research. To detect aberrant CC interhemispheric connectivity in autism, we performed T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based tractography in 18 children with high functioning autism (HFA) and 16 well-matched typically developing (TD) ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine if electrocardiographically synchronized, prospectively triggered multidetector row computed tomography (ECG-MDR-CT) angiography of the aorta can accurately predict the location of ectopic bronchial arteries in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with massive hemoptysis prior to bronchial artery embolization (BAE). DESIGN AND ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T2-imaging is oedema-sensitive and can detect increased myocardial water content to potentially distinguish acute from chronic myocardial infarction (AMI/CMI). Currently applied conventional black-blood T2-weighted-turbo-spin-echo (T2-BB-TSE)-sequences cause various artefacts which limit their image quality and possibly hamper their interpretation. Image contrast of conventional cine steady-state free ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Abdominal computed tomography scan (CT) is the preferred radiographic study for the diagnosis of appendicitis in the United States, while radiologist-operated ultrasound (US) is often used in Israel. This comparative international study evaluates the performance of CT vs US in the evaluation of acute appendicitis. METHODS: A retrospective ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Our study aimed to investigate both the clinical implications of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and the relation of LGE to clinical findings in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC). METHODS: We evaluated 20 consecutive patients (2 men, 18 women; median age, 77 years; ...

BACKGROUND: Thrombosis of fetal intracranial dural sinuses is a rare entity. A specific type of midline dural sinus thrombosis (DST) at the torcular Herophili with extension into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was initially seen on fetal US and was referred to fetal MRI for definite diagnosis and better delineation. ...

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Papillary muscles (PM) dyssynchrony is among the crucial mechanisms leading to mitral valve regurgitation (MR). The purpose of this study was to find a potential relationship between the level of PM asynchrony and the degree of MR in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies (ICM and nICM, respectively). ...

Study Type - Diagnostic (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? It is known that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is safe and effective for imaging patients with inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs). Previous series have reported results of MRI for imaging series ...

PURPOSE: To show the effect of standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with suspected appendicitis on negative laparotomy and perforation rate. Moreover, the economic impact on hospital resources was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In all, 52 patients (21 female; mean age 44.7 years) were prospectively included in this Institutional ...

SUMMARY:Prior studies have found a 3%-6% clinically significant error rate in radiology practice. We set out to assess discrepancy rates between subspecialty-trained university-based neuroradiologists. Over 17 months, university neuroradiologists randomly reviewed 1000 studies and reports of previously read examinations of patients in whom follow-up studies were read. The discrepancies between ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Recent literature shows an increasing portion of imaging studies being conducted and interpreted by nonradiologists, especially across the modalities with the highest RVUs. We examined the trends in the Medicare technical charges for private office neuroradiology studies submitted by subspecialists to identify utilization trends among MR and CT ...

Orbitofrontal cholesterol granuloma is a rare entity which typically involves the lateral part of the supraorbital ridge. It causes progressive expansion and erosion of the inner and outer tables of the frontal bone. We describe a case of recurrent orbitofrontal cholesterol granuloma in a 17-year-old girl. In June 2002 this ...

PURPOSE: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs), and gangliogliomas (GGs) share many clinical features, and the presurgical differential diagnosis of these lesions using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging in some cases. The purpose of this work was thus to evaluate the capacity of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) ...

With the main objective of comparing the prospective diagnostic power of two 11C-labelled molecular imaging biomarkers with affinity for TSPO and used for the visualisation of activated microglia after a stroke, we measured with positron emission tomography (PET) in four post-stroke patients the regional brain uptake and binding potential of ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Carotid plaque rupture, characterized by ruptured fibrous cap (FC), is associated with subsequent cerebrovascular events. However, ruptured FC may heal following stroke and convey decreased risk of future events. This study aims to characterize the healing process of ruptured FC by assessing the lumen conditions, quantified by the ...

Purpose:To evaluate whether diffusion-tensor imaging can be combined with double inversion recovery to improve the detection of structural changes occurring in the cortex of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Materials and Methods:Once local ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained, 168 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 45 sex- and age-matched ...

Purpose: Insulinomas are rare tumors that originate from the islet cells of the pancreas. The aims of this study were to localize insulinomas preoperatively using CT and/or MRI in correlation with postoperative pathological results. Patients and Methods: Between December 2001 and June 2010, 27 consecutive patients with clinically suspected insulinoma ...

We developed a prediction model to distinguish between malignant and nonmalignant lymphadenopathies. We first analyzed clinical features of 222 patients with lymphadenopathy (161 malignant and 61 nonmalignant) in the derivation group. Through logistic regression analysis we identified 6 covariates that independently predict malignancy: age (X1), abdominal lymphadenopathy (X2), lymphadenopathy of ...

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of occult fractures of the scaphoid and to determine the advantages and cost in comparison with the traditional follow-up protocol. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The traditional approach at our center consisted of immobilization and periodic clinical ...

OBJECTIVE: During labor, transperineal sonography is increasingly used to evaluate fetal head descent. The aim of this study was to compare the angle of progression assessed by open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vs transperineal ultrasound. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 31 pregnant women at term (>37 weeks), who were not ...

Background  FDG PET-CT is the superior imaging modality for the detection of visceral metastases (M+) in patients with melanoma. Conflicting evidence exists regarding its role for the initial staging of patients with high risk localized melanoma (large Breslow Thickness (BT) and/or ulceration). Objective  To assess the role of routine staging ...

Purpose:To determine whether imaging characteristics at multiphasic multidetector computed tomography (CT) correlate with common karyotypic abnormalities in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs).Materials and Methods:Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was waived for this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study. From January 2000 through September 2007, the prenephrectomy ...

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has a poor prognosis, and conventional imaging modalities do not reflect the prognosis of MPM. In this study, the clinical significance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography fusion imaging (18F-FDG PET/CT) was evaluated for the differential diagnosis, staging and prognosis in MPM patients. Ninety patients who ...

PURPOSE: F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and MRI are used for detecting liver metastases from uveal melanoma. The introduction of new treatment options in clinical trials might benefit from early response assessment. Here, we determine the value of FDG-PET/CT with respect to MRI at diagnosis and its potential ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the rates of laboratory confirmed gonorrhea (GC) and chlamydia (CT) in emergency department (ED) patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and cervicitis who were diagnosed clinically and treated empirically. A secondary goal examines which clinical criteria were present in patients with ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to liver surgery for colorectal metastases can cause marked steatosis (⩾33%) and steatohepatitis defined by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) as adverse effects on liver parenchyma. The aim was to evaluate the steatosis level prior to liver resection using proton magnetic resonance ...

Non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (NCCT) is usually performed to estimate bleeding complications immediately after procedures. However, hyperdense areas on NCCT have not yet been understood; different interpretations have been reported in the literature. It remains unclear whether NCCT performed immediately after intra-arterial revascularization (IAR) could be useful for predicting hemorrhagic ...

PURPOSE: To assess the treatment response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization with diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a 3-T system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 2010 and November 2010, 74 patients were treated with chemoembolization in our interventional radiology unit. Twenty-two patients (29%) ...

RATIONALE: Although the rate of annual decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is one of the most important outcome measures in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), little is known about inter-subject variability based on clinical phenotypes. OBJECTIVES: To examine the inter-subject variability in a 5-year observational cohort ...

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our objective was to determine whether the (11)C-Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) retention and regional hypometabolism on positron emission tomography (PET) and regional cortical atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are complementary in characterizing ...

Accurate measures of liver fat content are essential for investigating the role of hepatic steatosis in the pathophysiology of multiple metabolic disorders. No traditional imaging methods can accurately quantify liver fat content. [(1)H]-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is restricted in large-scale studies because of the practical and technological issues. Previous attempts ...

We performed dual-time-point positron emission tomography imaging (DTPI) in patients without evidence of mediastinal lymph node metastasis to investigate the characteristics of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in benign mediastinal lymph nodes. A total of 118 mediastinal lesions in 24 patients were included in the study. The size, attenuation, maximum standardized uptake ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a worksheet for diagnosing postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) in emergency departments (EDs). A total of 49 cases of clinically diagnosed nontraumatic deaths in the ED who underwent total body PMCT were enrolled. PMCT images were prospectively evaluated by four ...

To evaluate the role of FDG-PET/CT in detecting bone marrow (BM) involvement, pre-treatment bilateral bone marrow biopsies (BMBs) and FDG-PET/CT scans of 89 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with rituximab-CHOP were reviewed and analyzed. Fourteen patients (15.7%) had lymphomatous involvement based on BMB (BMB+), and 17 patients ...

The new McDonald 2010 criteria have been recommended in paediatric multiple sclerosis (PMS). We aimed to assess the utility of McDonald 2010 criteria in comparison with 2007 International Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group (IPMSSG)-recommended criteria for PMS diagnosis. Retrospective analysis of 38 PMS cases from three UK demyelination clinics was ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the accuracy of 3-dimensional (3-D) ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of septate and bicornuate uterus compared with office hysteroscopy and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force Classification II-2). SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Thirty-one patients referred with a suspected diagnosis of ...

OBJECTIVES:: To assess the degree of interobserver agreement of MRI in the diagnostic assessment of pancreatic cysts (PCs). METHODS:: Magnetic resonance imaging sets of images of 62 patients with PCs (32 with histological confirmation and 30 with clinical diagnosis) were reviewed by 4 experienced radiologists. Features scored included septations, nodules, ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the interobserver reliability of 3 commonly used classification systems in describing preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of patients undergoing surgery for full-thickness rotator cuff tears. METHODS: Thirty-one patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and had preoperative MRI studies available ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis continues to be a clinical challenge. Magnetic resonance imaging provides excellent visualization of the pericardium. The aim of our study is to clarify the contribution of this non invasive exploration in the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis in our center. METHODS: we conducted a ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this CT-based study was to investigate the frequency of splenic infarction (SI) following conventional open gastrectomy performed for gastric malignant neoplasms. METHODS: 20 patients who underwent subtotal or total gastrectomy, omentectomy, and D2 lymph node dissections preserving the spleen for gastric malignant neoplasms were retrospectively reviewed. ...

Objective: The purpose of this study is to present an alternative technique for the pre-operative localisation of solely MRI-detected suspicious breast lesions using computer-assisted MRI-guided radio-guided occult lesion localisation (ROLL) technique. Methods: Between January 2009 and June 2010, 25 women with a total of 25 suspicious breast lesions that could ...

Objective: Cardiac CT allows the detection and quantification of coronary artery calcification (CAC). Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) has been widely replaced by high-end CT generations in the assessment of CAC. The aim of this study was to compare the CAC scores derived from an EBCT with those from a ...

Proton exchange imaging is important as it allows for visualization and quantification of the distribution of specific metabolites with conventional MRI. Current exchange mediated MRI methods suffer from poor contrast as well as confounding factors that influence exchange rates. In this study we developed a new method to measure proton ...

BACKGROUND AND GOALS:: Magnetic resonance (MR) enterography provides the advantages of conventional enteroclysis and those of cross-sectional imaging. Adequate luminal distension, combined with ultrafast sequences, results in excellent delineation of mural and extramural manifestations of Crohn's disease. Recent technical advances, including ultra-high-field strength MR with its capability to provide fast ...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the results of computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided vertebroplasty in patients with multiple myeloma, focusing on the frequency and clinical impact of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) leaks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 2001 to August 2008, 39 patients (17 females, 22 males; mean age, 65±7 years) with ...

Liver macronodules ranging from benign to low grade or high grade dysplastic nodules (LGD/HGDN) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may develop during chronic liver diseases (CLD). Current guidelines were recently updated and the non-invasive criteria for the diagnosis of small HCC are based on a single typical radiological pattern, and not ...

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of shunt malfunction is largely made by subjective clinical history and assessment in association with neurodiagnostic imaging. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of a transcutaneous thermal convection device for the diagnosis of shunt malfunction. METHODS: We present the results of a trial of a commercially available device ...

Background and purpose Non-anatomic bone tunnel placement is the most common cause of a failed ACL reconstruction. Accurate and reproducible methods to visualize and document bone tunnel placement are therefore important. We evaluated the reliability of standard radiographs, CT scans, and a 3-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) approach in visualizing ...

AIMS: FDG-PET can be used to identify vulnerable plaques in atherosclerotic disease. Clinical FDG-PET camera systems are restricted in terms of resolution for the visualization of detailed inflammation patterns in smaller vascular structures. The aim of the study is to evaluate the possible added value of a high-resolution microPET system ...

Neurological morbidity is a major concern in pediatric cardiac surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass is one of the few modifiable factors affecting neurodevelopmental outcome. This study aimed to measure the incidence of abnormalities apparent by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after neonatal arterial switch operation using warm surgery. Neonates admitted for transposition of ...