This study was designed to systematically review the emerging role of whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in patients with sarcoidosis. A comprehensive literature search of published studies through December 2010 in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases regarding whole-body FDG-PET and PET/CT in patients with sarcoidosis was performed. Ultimately, ...

Evaluate the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with high serum antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) but negative serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements and negative 131I whole-body scans (WBS). The present study included 22 consecutive patients with high serum TgAb levels. They had negative serum Tg ...

BACKGROUND: The current standard for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) response evaluation in osteosarcoma is histopathologic necrosis (HN). However, it is accessible only after NACT completion and may get affected by confounding factors. Thus, noninvasive surrogate such as Fluorine-Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) scan would be useful to individualize therapy. METHODS: Thirty-one ...

Background and Objectives: One of the important factors in the pretreatment evaluation of patients with squamous cell carcinoma is the detection of the presence and extent of bone invasion by the tumor, which is significant for planning the therapy and determining the prognosis. Therefore, a study was undertaken with an ...

To estimate in-patient KERMA for specific organs in computed tomography (CT) scanning using ratios to isocenter free-in-air KERMA obtained using a Rando phantom. A CT scan of an anthropomorphic phantom results in an air KERMA K at a selected phantom location and air kerma K(CT) at the CT scanner isocenter ...

OBJECTIVE: Most of the patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) experience sudden hearing deterioration, but the exact mechanism is unclear. We analyzed magnetic resonance (MR) images and the cellular components of endolymph obtained from the endolymphatic sac in patients with EVA, in order to demonstrate the cause of sudden hearing ...

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that intrathecal synthesis of IgM is observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) and correlates with a worse disease course. These results suggest that IgM participates in the formation of MS lesions. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the potential association between the ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate in a large sample of consecutive patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) the possibility of including the presence of choroidal abnormalities detected by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) as a new diagnostic criterion for NF1. DESIGN: Cross-sectional evaluation of a diagnostic test. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS: Ninety-five consecutive adult and ...

The aim of this study was to assess the potential diagnostic value of three-dimensional T2-weighted imaging using the dark blood method for detecting pulmonary embolism (PE). Ten consecutive patients with already diagnosed acute PE (five men, five women; mean age 58.6 years, range 35-79 years) were prospectively enrolled in this ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT Score (pc-ASPECTS) quantifies the extent of early ischemic changes in the posterior circulation with a 10-point grading system. We hypothesized that pc-ASPECTS applied to CT angiography source images predicts functional outcome of patients in the Basilar Artery International Cooperation ...

PURPOSE: To assess the detection efficiency of Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for cholesteatoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 21 patients with suspected primary (n=16) or recurrent cholesteatoma (n=5) underwent MRI in a 1.5-T scanner using an adapted protocol for cholesteatoma detection that ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:QUASAR is a particular application of the ASL method and facilitates the user-independent quantification of brain perfusion. The purpose of this study was to assess the intermodality agreement of TBF measurements obtained with ASL and DSC MR imaging and the inter- and intraobserver reproducibility of glioma TBF measurements ...

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (fHLH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by proliferation and infiltration of several organs by activated lymphocytes and macrophages. Without allogeneic stem cell transplantation, fHLH is fatal. We describe a previously healthy 11-month-old boy with a rapidly progressive encephalopathy. An older brother died at 8 months following ...

PURPOSE: The utility of combined metabolic and volumetric (18)F-FDG PET/CT indices for predicting tumour necrosis fractions following neoadjuvant chemotherapy has not been extensively studied in osteosarcoma. Furthermore, little is known of the early PET/CT responses after only one chemotherapy course. METHODS: Enrolled in the study were 20 children and young ...

STUDY DESIGN/SETTING:: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE:: The purpose of this study was to use multidimensional analysis with a computed tomography (CT)-based navigation system to measure the outer cortical diameter and the maximum screw trajectory length of the pedicle of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the energy efficiency of differently sized volumetric ablations in MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) treatment of uterine fibroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Ten symptomatic uterine fibroids (mean diameter 8.9cm) in 10 ...

PURPOSE: To develop a consistent and reproducible method in an animal model for studies of radiofrequency (RF) ablation of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen woodchucks were inoculated with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) to establish chronic infections. When serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels became elevated, the animals were evaluated ...

IntroductionRetrospective analysis of patients suffering iatrogenic dissection during neurointervention is reported. The circumstances surrounding the occurrence, early detection, clinical course and management options are discussed.Methods and results18 iatrogenic dissections over 11 years were retrospectively analyzed. Data were gathered from patient records, run sheets, morbidity records and imaging studies. All procedures ...

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) is a rare, aggressive extranodal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive B-cell lymphoproliferative disease. The purpose of our study was to analyze the CT and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) findings of pulmonary LG. Between 2000 and 2009, four patients with pathologically proven pulmonary LG and chest CT were identified. ...

To retrospectively summarize the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) findings of isolated noncompaction of ventricular myocardium (INVM). Eleven patients (M:F = 9:2; mean age, 35 years) were evaluated. Steady-state free precession (SSFP), fast spin echo (SE) sequence, SSFP cine imaging, and delayed enhanced inversion recovery spoiled gradient echo (IR-SPGR) sequence ...

PURPOSE: We investigated the correlation relationship between ADCs measured by MRI and SUVs measured by PET/CT of lesions on GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) patients to verify if MR is able to replace or serve as an alternative to PET/CT in GIST staging and treatment monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess prevalence and location of residual cholesteatoma following closed "canal wall up" tympanoplasty (CWUT). The evolution of follow-up strategy is discussed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was run in adults operated on by CWUT for middle-ear cholesteatoma and who had undergone second look surgery and/or postoperative radiology ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the detection of parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia in the setting of primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: Records of 48 patients with biochemically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism, who underwent preoperative imaging with 16- or 64-slice contrast-enhanced MDCT ...

BACKGROUND: Early disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to severe ischemia can be detected by MRI T2* permeability imaging. In middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction, pretreatment T2* permeability derangements have been found in 22% of patients and are powerful predictors of hemorrhagic transformation after revascularization therapy. The frequency, clinical ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hippocampi alter in patients at the recovery stage of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and whether the changes of hippocampi involve in the cognitive impairment in such patients. METERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients with unilateral infarction solely in MCAO territory and 44 age-, sex- and education ...

This study investigated whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could identify potential abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without cognitive complaints compared to healthy controls. In addition, the existence of associations between diffusion measures and clinical parameters was examined. Forty T2DM patients and 97 non-diabetic controls completed a clinical ...

PURPOSE: Between 30 and 50% of febrile neutropenic episodes are accounted for by infection. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a nonspecific parameter for infection and inflammation but might be employed as a trigger for diagnosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT can ...

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography for the detection of articular cartilage abnormalities at 3.0T and 7.0T in cadaveric wrists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging (MRI) was performed in nine cadaveric wrists (four right wrists, five left; mean age, 81.0 ± 9.8 years) after ...

BACKGROUND: -The safety and clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5T in patients with cardiac implantable devices such as pacemakers (PM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) have been reported. This study aims to evaluate the extent of artifacts on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with PM and ICD ...

BackgroundOnly a few studies have used in/opposed phase method for a quantitative evaluation of fat fraction in the spine.PurposeTo compare multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy and chemical-shift gradient-echo MR imaging for bone marrow fat quantification in vertebral compression fractures (VCF).Material and MethodsVertebral marrow fat quantification in fifteen patients was measured at ...

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible association between carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and ulnar neuropathy at the wrist because of the contradictory results of previous studies. Thus, a retrospective case-control study was arranged with an electromyographic database including patients between 2003 and 2009. Patients were ...

BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) is generally used in the evaluation of the treatment response of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Instead of morphological images, positron emission tomography (PET) shows metabolic information that is connected to tumor activity, cell proliferation rate, and, thus, prognosis.PurposeTo determine the prognostic value of PET for tumor volume ...

BACKGROUND: Syringomyelia is a rare disease characterized by abnormal fluid-filled cavities within the spinal cord, and is associated with Chiari malformations, arachnoiditis, or spinal cord tumors. The widespread availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Japan has allowed for easy identification of syrinxes. The aim of this study was to ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of fluorine-18 (F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the detection of recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in patients with elevated calcitonin levels. METHODS: Thirty-three patients (nine men, 24 women; mean age: 50.3±12 years) who were referred ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of postcontrast susceptibility-weighted MRI (PCSWI) in the evaluation of vascular malformations of the brain (BVM). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated PCSWI and digital subtraction angiography data from 16 consecutive patients with known or suspected BVM, which had been ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize the interactions of pacemakers with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to identify device characteristics that could predict adverse interactions. BACKGROUND: The safety of MRI in patients with indwelling pacemaker systems remains uncertain. Previous studies demonstrated safety in most patients, but unpredictable, potentially concerning changes ...

Angioleiomyoma is rare, benign vascular smooth muscle tumor originating from the tunica media of the veins and arteries. It usually presents as a slow-growing, small, and painful mass arising from the cutaneous or subcutaneous tissue. We report an unusual case of angioleiomyoma that was located in the subfascia of the ...

BACKGROUND: We report our use of portable head computed tomography (CT) and the diagnostic yield and radiation dose from head CT in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: 204 PICU patients underwent head CT during 2008-2009. Therapeutic interventions and resource intensity during CT were categorized. Severity of illness was ...

We have implemented and evaluated a framework for simulating simultaneous dynamic PET-MR data using the anatomic and dynamic information from real MR acquisitions. PET radiotracer distribution is simulated by assigning typical FDG uptake values to segmented MR images with manually inserted additional virtual lesions. PET projection data and images are ...

Purpose:To evaluate the image quality and clinical utility of a polytrauma computed tomographic (CT) protocol that integrates lower extremity CT angiography into multiphasic whole-body trauma CT by utilizing 64-detector CT and a single contrast material bolus.Materials and Methods:This retrospective study was institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant. Informed consent ...

OBJECTIVE: This study has aimed to evaluate the impact of (F18) Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (FDG PET-CT) in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign pleural lesions in patients with suspected malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients (32 females, 18 males; age range 24-79 years) with ...

PURPOSE: (18)F-Dopa positron emission tomography (PET)/CT has proved a valuable tool for the assessment of neuroendocrine tumours. So far no data are available on (18)F-dopa utilization in neuroblastoma (NB). Our aim was to evaluate the role of (18)F-dopa PET/CT in NB and compare its diagnostic value with that of (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ...

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the effective radiation dose associated with the evaluation and follow-up of patients with urolithiasis. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed for consecutive patients presenting to a tertiary stone clinic with acute stone episodes between November 2007 and December 2008, and had at least 2 years of follow-up. Number ...

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate four non-invasive markers of cartilage quality-T2* mapping, native T1 mapping, dGEMRIC and ΔR1-in healthy volunteers and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cartilage of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints II were imaged in 28 consecutive subjects: 12 healthy volunteers [9 women, mean (SD) age 52.67 (9.75) years, ...

PURPOSE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of MR elastography (MRE) in the staging of hepatic fibrosis (HF) using histopathology as the reference standard in an Asian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRE was performed on 55 patients with chronic liver diseases or biliary diseases and on 5 living related liver ...

AimsWe sought to determine whether intraplaque inflammation could be measured with positron emission tomography/computed tomography angiography (PET/CTA) using (11)C-PK11195, a selective ligand of the translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) which is highly expressed by activated macrophages.Methods and resultsPatients (n = 32; mean age 70 ± 9 years) with carotid stenoses ...

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic value obtained using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/spiral computed tomography (CT) with Tc-99m methylene-diphosphonate with that obtained using SPECT alone in patients with spinal lesions. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 56 patients who underwent planar whole-body scintigraphy ...

AIM: Functional nuclear medicine imaging techniques have become particularly important in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. The aim of our study was to perform a meta-analysis to obtain a reliable estimate of the diagnostic performance of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), three-phase bone scintigraphy, leukocyte scintigraphy, and monoclonal antigranulocyte antibody (MOAB) scintigraphy ...

PURPOSE: To determine the utility of diffusion tensor imaging for the differentiation of adrenal adenomas and metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients with a mean age of 59 years were included in this study. Each subject presented with a single adrenal lesion (19 adenomas, 14 metastases). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ...

PURPOSE: To establish the correspondence between the two histologically observable and diffusion tensor MRI (DTMRI) measurements of myolaminae orientation for the first time and show that single myolaminar orientations observed in local histology may result from histological artifact. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DTMRI was performed on six sheep left ventricles (LV), ...