A 51-year-old woman presented typical symptoms of a Cushing syndrome. MRI scanning of the pituitary gland showed possible enlargement of the right side of the pituitary gland, suggestive of microadenoma. However, a transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection failed to relieve the symptoms. An FDG PET/CT was performed to further evaluate this ...

Thyroid incidentaloma is defined as an unsuspected, asymptomatic thyroid lesion that is discovered on an imaging study or during an operation unrelated to the thyroid gland. Thyroid incidentalomas are most commonly detected on ultrasound, followed in frequency by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), carotid duplex scanning and ...

Objectives: To evaluate the normal anatomy of the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli obtained by axial and multiplanar reformation (MPR) images of 1 mm slice thickness using multidetector row CT (MDCT).Methods: We evaluated the ability of MDCT to examine the normal anatomy of the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli. The axial ...

Ultra-high-resolution SPECT images can be obtained with focused multipinhole collimators. Here we investigate the influence of unwanted high tracer uptake outside the scan volume on reconstructed tracer distributions inside the scan volume, for (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion scanning in mice. Simulated projections of a digital mouse phantom (MOBY) in a focusing ...

Lung ventilation was mapped in seven healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (433 ± 24 g) using hyperpolarized (129) Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3.0 T, and validated with hyperpolarized (3) He MRI under similar ventilator conditions. Ventilation maps were obtained using flip angle variation for offset of RF and relaxation ...

To evaluate diagnostic value of the PISA-PED and PIOPED II criteria for lung scintigraphy and compare it with CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for the detection of pulmonary embolism (PE). Five hundred and forty-four consecutive patients with suspected PE were enrolled. All patients underwent lung ventilation/perfusion (V/P) scan, chest radiography, and ...

PURPOSE: Intrabullous ventilation in patients with pulmonary emphysema (PE) was cross-sectionally evaluated using dynamic xenon-133 gas single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS: Fifty-two patients with PE with a total of 109 bullae of more than 4 cm in maximum diameter underwent xenon-133 gas SPECT. The real xenon-133 gas half-clearance ...

Pulmonary and mediastinal masses represent a wide range of pathologic processes with very different treatment options. Although advances in imaging (such as PET and high-resolution CT) help in many cases with the differential diagnosis of thoracic pathology, tissue samples are frequently needed to determine the best management for patients presenting ...

This study aimed to analyze the computed tomographic (CT) various findings of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung and to improve the diagnostic efficacy for such tumor. Sixteen consecutive patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung confirmed by pathology were reviewed retrospectively. All the patients had undergone unenhanced and contrast-enhanced examinations; ...

Intrapulmonary schwannoma is uncommon and preoperative radiological diagnosis is rare. Described is a schwannoma that developed as a pulmonary hilar nodule in a 38-year-old woman. The nodule showed strong (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake with a maximum standard uptake value of 5.98 on positron emission tomography and had a high apparent diffusion coefficient ...

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most common systemic mycosis in Latin America. Although most cases occur in developing countries, recent immigration patterns and an increase in travel have led to a growing number of PCM cases in the United States and Europe. PCM is caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, ...

Hyperpolarized xenon-129 is a noninvasive contrast agent for lung MRI, which upon inhalation dissolves in parenchymal structures, thus mirroring the gas-exchange process for oxygen in the lung. Multiple-exchange-time xenon polarization transfer contrast (MXTC) MRI is an implementation of the XTC MRI technique in four dimensions (three spatial dimensions plus exchange ...

PURPOSE: To investigate radiographic and computed tomography features of radiation-induced organizing pneumonia syndrome after breast-conserving surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The appearances and distribution of lung parenchymal abnormalities were retrospectively analyzed on chest radiographs (n = 12) and computed tomography scan images (n = 10) of 12 women (range 37-78 years, mean 55.8 years) with radiation-induced ...

A new tracer, 4'-[methyl-(11)C]-thiothymidine ((11)C-4DST), has been developed as an in vivo cell proliferation marker based on the DNA incorporation method. This study evaluated the potential of (11)C-4DST PET/CT for imaging proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), compared with (18)F-FDG PET/CT. METHODS: Eighteen patients with lung lesions were examined ...

A seven-month-old Cocker Spaniel had a cough, acute lethargy, decreased responsiveness, and episodes of hyperexcitability. There were bilateral generalized increased lung sounds, bilateral episcleral hemorrhage, and systemic hypertension. Prolonged buccal mucosal bleeding time and elevated D-dimer concentrations were detected. Radiographically, there was a generalized moderate unstructured interstitial pattern. In thoracic ...

INTRODUCTION: The sagittal profile of conventionally and surgically treated scoliotic spines is usually analyzed via lateral views of whole-spine X-rays in an upright position. Due to a more hypokyphotic configuration of scoliotic spines, the view onto the upper thoracic vertebrae is often difficult. We investigated whether additional supine MRI measurement ...

Objectives Coronary artery disease and osteoporosis increase in women after menopause. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the heart used to evaluate coronary arterial calcification include images of the thoracic vertebrae. The utility of using these images to assess bone health in women remains to be defined. Analyses of thoracic spine ...

Pulmonary diseases are known to be largely inhomogeneous. To evaluate such inhomogeneities, we are testing an image-based method to measure gas flow in the lung regionally. Dynamic, spin-density-weighted hyperpolarized 3He MR images performed during slow inhalation of this gas were analyzed to quantify regional inflation rate. This parameter was measured ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the regional effects of bronchodilator administration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using hyperpolarized helium-3 ((3)He) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC). Ten COPD ex-smokers provided written informed consent and underwent diffusion-weighted hyperpolarized (3)He MRI, spirometry and plethysmography before and ...

Three different doses (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ml) of iohexol (300 mgI/ml) were injected percutaneously into the popliteal lymph node of eight adult cats under ultrasound guidance. Serial transverse CT images of five regions of interest (L3, T13, T8, T4, and T1 level) were performed at 2-min intervals, and the ...

BACKGROUND: Bronchial dimensions measured in CT images generally do not take inspiration level into consideration. However, some studies showed that the bronchial membrane is distensible with airway inflation. Therefore, re-examination of the elasticity of bronchi is needed. PURPOSE: To assess the influence of respiration on bronchial lumen area (defined as ...

Tuberculosis generally affects the respiratory tract. In developing nations, the pericardium is the most common location of extrapulmonary tuberculosis; however, tuberculous pericarditis rarely appears as a localized mass or tuberculoma. We present here a case of a 62-year-old woman with pericardial tuberculoma. She had a history of effusive tuberculous pericarditis ...

Invasive diseases such as toxic shock syndrome caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) are re-emerging infectious diseases. The mechanism of pathogenesis is not completely understood although the virulence of this organism has been analyzed using animal model systems, particularly using mice. The analysis of the progression of infection, however, is difficult. ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Computed tomography (CT) is considered the gold standard for quantification of global or regional lung aeration and lung mass. Quantitative CT, however, involves the exposure to ionizing radiation and requires manual image processing. We recently evaluated an extrapolation method which calculates quantitative CT parameters characterizing the entire lung ...

BackgroundMultidetector spiral computed tomography (CT) has opened the possibility of quantitative evaluation of emphysema extent in the whole lung. Visual assessment can be used for such a purpose, but its reproducibility has not been established.PurposeTo assess agreement of detailed assessment of pulmonary emphysema on whole-lung CT using a visual scale.Material ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the agreement of bone mineral density (BMD) between lumbar (L) and individual thoracic (T) vertebrae and identify a standard thoracic spine level for BMD assessment in cardiac computed tomography (CT) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred subjects who underwent simultaneous chest and abdomen CT scans for clinical ...

Chest radiologists rely on the segmentation and quantificational analysis of ground-glass opacities (GGO) to perform imaging diagnoses that evaluate the disease severity or recovery stages of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. However, it is computationally difficult to segment and analyze patterns of GGO while compared with other lung diseases, since GGO ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/emphysema risk groups are well defined and screening allows for early identification of disease. The capability of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to detect emphysema, as found by computed tomography (CT) in current and former heavy smokers participating in a lung cancer screening trial, was investigated. ...

In modern epidemiological population-based studies a huge amount of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is analysed. This requires reliable automatic methods for organ extraction. In the current paper, we propose a fast and accurate automatic method for lung segmentation and volumetry. Our approach follows a "coarse-to-fine" segmentation strategy. First, we ...

Objectives- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different rotation angles in assessment of the contralateral lung volume by 3-dimensional (3D) sonography in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernias. Methods- A total of 126 measurements by 3D sonography and MRI ...

Thoracic ultrasonography is a noninvasive and readily available imaging modality that has important applications in pulmonary medicine outside of the ICU. It allows the clinician to diagnose a variety of thoracic disorders at the point of care. Ultrasonography is useful in imaging lung consolidation, pleural-based masses and effusions, pneumothorax, and ...

A 12 yr old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with worsening tachypnea of 1 mo duration and open mouth breathing. Radiographs revealed tracheal narrowing at the thoracic inlet. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a contrast enhancing 8-cm long fusiform mass within the dorsal tracheal membrane. Tracheobronchoscopy confirmed the presence of ...

OBJECTIVES: The reproducibilities of CT lung volume and densitometric measures of emphysema were assessed over 1 week. The influence of breathhold on reproducibility was assessed. METHODS: HRCT was performed on 44 subjects at inspiration on two visits with a 7-day interval. CT lung volume, relative area below -950HU (RA950-raw), and 15th ...

AbstractBackground.The accuracy of combined clinical examination (CE) and chest radiography (CXR) (CE+CXR) versus thoracic ultrasonography in the acute assessment of pneumothorax, hemothorax and lung contusion in chest trauma patients is unknown.Methods.We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study involving 119 adult patients admitted to the emergency room with thoracic trauma. Each ...

PSM is a rare form of myoclonus of spinal origin. The thoracic level is considered as the myoclonic generator in most cases; however, structural abnormality in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) related to PSM is more rare. We report the case of a 23-year-old man with PSM with ventral thoracic ...

This paper analyses the geometry of intra-thoracic organs from computed tomography (CT) scans performed on 20 children aged from 4 months to 16 years. The aim is to find the most reliable measurements to characterise the growth of heart and lungs from CT data. Standard measurements available on chest radiographies ...

BackgroundEvaluation of detection of lung nodules by C-arm CT (CACT) is important before this procedure can be used to guide percutaneous lung interventions.PurposeTo compare the efficacy of CACT with CT in the detection of pulmonary nodules using a phantom lung.Material and MethodsA phantom lung containing 12 phantom nodules in four ...

BackgroundInconsistent accuracies of CT-guided thoracic spinal biopsies have been reported in previous studies.PurposeTo determine the accuracy of CT-guided thoracic spinal biopsy, to compare the results with those previously reported, and to determine if there are any factors that influence the accuracy of CT-guided thoracic spinal biopsy.Material and MethodsIn total, 158 ...

A 7-year-old girl with indolent left upper extremity edema had axillary, supraclavicular, right retrocaval, paravertebral, mesenteric, and right iliac adenopathy confirmed by ultrasound and CT. Selective axillary biopsy demonstrated epitheliomorphic malignancy with neuroendocrine/neuroectodermic differentiation. Bone scintigraphy demonstrated several thoracic spin lesions. I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging was negative. Ga-68 DOTA-NOC PET/CT demonstrated ...

An asymptomatic 68-year-old man with suspected prostate cancer was referred for F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging for characterization of an incidental solitary pulmonary nodule. The left lingular nodule demonstrated corresponding hypermetabolic activity. Histopathologic diagnosis from transbronchial tissue biopsy disclosed anthracotic lung tissue with congestion. Although anthracosis is a form of pneumoconiosis ...

Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) of lung tumors suffers from breathing-motion induced blurring. Respiratory-correlated PET ameliorates motion blurring and enables visualization of lung tumor functional uptake throughout the breathing cycle but has achieved limited clinical use in radiotherapy planning. In this work, the authors propose a process for generating a ...

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is an uncommon lung disease characterized by accumulation of intraalveolar calcifications. The disease can be diagnosed based on the radiological findings. We present a 27-year-old women with five-year history of shortness of breath. She was diagnosed with PAM due to the presence of the characteristic chest ...

Attenuation correction is necessary for quantification in micro-single-photon emission computed tomography (micro-SPECT). In general, this is done based on micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) images. Derivation of the attenuation map from magnetic resonance (MR) images is difficult because bone and lung are invisible in conventional MR images and hence indistinguishable from air. ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal acquisition scan protocol for deep inspiration breath-hold (BH) fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) for the examination of thoracic lesions. METHODS: We studied 32 thoracic lesions in 21 patients. Whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT) scanning with free breathing (FB) was performed ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on FDG-PET/CT. METHODS: All patients with a diagnosis of TB and who underwent FDG-PET/CT between January 2009 and June 2010 were included. Clinical, biological and imaging data were reviewed. TB was proven either on bacteriological or histopathological studies (n=13) ...

We used pathological examination as golden standard to determine whether 3-deoxy-3-(18) F-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FLT PET/CT) can detect regional lymph node metastasis in untreated thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and additionally performed (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT for direct comparison with that of FLT. Twenty-two patients with thoracic esophageal ...

SUMMARY AT A GLANCE: This study evaluated the accuracy and reliability of MRI compared to HRCT in non-cystic fibrosis paediatric lung disease. MRI was equivalent to HRCT and the data supports its use as a reliable radiation-free alternative to HRCT in diagnostic pathways for paediatric chronic lung disorders. ABSTRACT: Background ...

Abstract BACKGROUND:An increase in airway caliber (airway distensibility) with lung inflation is attenuated in COPD. Furthermore, some subjects have a decrease in airway caliber with lung inflation. We aimed to test the hypothesis that airway caliber increases are lower in subjects with emphysema-predominant (EP) compared to airway-predominant (AP) CT subtypes. ...

OBJECTIVES: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquired on equipment capable of simultaneous MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) could potentially provide the gold standard method for motion correction of PET. To assess the latter, in this study we compared fast 2D and 3D MRI of the torso and used deformation parameters ...

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. It mainly affects the thoracic lymph nodes and the lungs. The staging of sarcoidosis, which classifies patients according to their probability of spontaneous remission, is based on the plain chest film findings. Plain chest films are not as sensitive as high ...