Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine ((131)I-MIBG) therapy is an effective treatment for patients with malignant paraganglioma for which surgical resection is not indicated. We performed high-dose (131)I-MIBG therapy on two patients with malignant paraganglioma and multiple bone metastases. The bone metastases were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Metastatic bone lesions were evaluated ...

OBJECTIVE: Neuroblastoma is the third most common malignancy of childhood. 131I-MIBG scintigraphy must be performed in patients with neuroblastoma at the time of staging. The aim of this study is to identify the role of 131I-MIBG scintigraphy in neuroblastoma patients in correlation with other diagnostic modalities for staging of the ...

PURPOSE: To assess the heterogeneity of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics in primary lymphoma of bone (PLB), in particular the non-aggressive appearance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, MR imaging features were analyzed in 29 patients with histologically proven PLB. The following parameters were evaluated: tumor size, bone marrow ...

In clinical practice various modalities are used for whole-body imaging of the musculoskeletal system, including radiography, bone scintigraphy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). Multislice CT is far more sensitive than radiographs in the assessment of trabecular and cortical bone destruction and allows for ...

Differential diagnosis of the calvarial lesions is important in order to decide whether biopsy, surgical intervention, or follow-up is required for further management. In this pictorial essay on calvarial lesions, lytic or sclerotic patterns, contours of the lesions, calcifications, soft tissue components, inner and outer table localizations were evaluated with ...

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether in computed tomography (CT) soft tissue and bone tissue can be simultaneously presented with a combined window without loss of diagnostic information compared to the separate presentations with soft tissue and bone tissue windows. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven CT examinations from different patients with pathological changes ...

BACKGROUND: The topic of this article is the quantitative and semiquantitative assessment of bone marrow signal alteration in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine in patients with tumor anemia during therapy with epoietin beta or placebo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined 32 patients with head or neck cancer ...

STUDY DESIGN: Investigation of method. OBJECTIVE: This study presents a novel method of accurately determining relative bone position in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Biomechanical modeling of the human body requires measurement of the relative positions of skeletal elements. Spinal orientation is particularly difficult to ...

Magnetic resonance imaging plays an integral role in the detection and characterization of marrow lesions, planning for biopsy or surgery, and post-treatment follow-up. To evaluate findings in bone marrow on MR imaging, it is essential to understand the normal composition and distribution of bone marrow and the changes in marrow ...

Magnetic resonance imaging plays an integral role in the detection and characterization of marrow lesions, planning for biopsy or surgery, and post-treatment follow-up. To evaluate findings in bone marrow on MR imaging, it is essential to understand the normal composition and distribution of bone marrow and the changes in marrow ...

Na(18)F, an early bone scintigraphy agent, is poised to reenter mainstream clinical imaging with the present generations of stand-alone PET and PET/CT hybrid scanners. (18)F PET scans promise improved imaging quality for both benign and malignant bone disease, with significantly improved sensitivity and specificity over conventional planar and SPECT bone ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the healing pattern of osteoid osteomas on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after successful and unsuccessful thermocoagulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients were examined by CT and 18 patients by dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MRI before and after thermocoagulation for osteoid osteoma. Thermocoagulation was successful in ...

A number of noninvasive imaging techniques have been used for the evaluation of bone marrow, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone marrow scintigraphy. The appearance of bone marrow on MRI varies considerably depending on the proportion of red and yellow marrow, and the composition of the red marrow and ...

Adequate interpretation of a cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine MR imaging examination includes a careful evaluation of the bone marrow. Detecting an abnormality in bone marrow may cause a diagnostic dilemma because the marrow in the spine can vary in appearance according to the patient's age, and can be affected ...

The use of MR imaging in assessing lumbar bone marrow first requires an understanding of the bone marrow's normal composition and the various imaging sequences available for use. One of the most useful sequences is the T1-weighted spin-echo sequence. This sequence may be combined with other sequences such as T2-weighted ...

Patients referred to the authors' hospital for evaluation on suspicion of a bone or soft-tissue malignancy frequently present to the Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic with magnetic resonance (MR) images that show typical features of nonmalignant or nonneoplastic entities. The purpose of this article is to review the benign entities that may ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of bone metastases in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: There were 5 consecutive patients with bone metastases from nonseminomatous germ cell tumors treated between 2003 and 2006 who underwent imaging studies, including MRI. The characteristic imaging findings are ...

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with sensitivity encoding (SENSE) could detect bone marrow involvement in patients with cranial bone marrow (CBM) metastases. DWI results obtained were compared with T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DWI with sensitivity encoding (SENSE; b value = 1,000) ...

OBJECTIVE: Bone metastases occur in approximately 80% of patients with advanced cancer and cause significant morbidity. There are currently no established means by which to identify the early growth of micro-metastatic cells or their effects on bone at a time when curative therapy might be initiated. We postulated that high-resolution ...

Paget's disease (PD) is a chronic metabolically active bone disease, characterized by a disturbance in bone modelling and remodelling due to an increase in osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. The vertebra is the second most commonly affected site. This article reviews the various spinal pathomechanisms and osseous dynamics involved in producing ...

Facial skeletal changes associated with hyperparathyroidism assume 3 radiographic patterns: osteitis fibrosa cystica, fibrous dysplasia, and leontiasis ossea. The 3rd pattern is unique to renal osteodystrophy. We report a case of uremic leontiasis ossea with CT images illustrating significant hypertrophy of the jaws with serpiginous tunneling within the bone and ...

OBJECT: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard non-invasive technique to detect malignant disease in the bone marrow. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be performed as a quick adjunct to routine spinal MRI. We performed proton MRS to patients with multiple myeloma (MM) at diagnosis and after treatment ...

We describe the first steps in developing an OMERACT magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system for peripheral psoriatic arthritis (PsA). A preexisting MRI dataset (finger joints) from 10 patients with PsA was scored by 4 readers for bone erosion, bone edema, synovitis, tendinopathy, and extracapsular features of inflammation (including enthesitis) ...

BACKGROUND: We describe a characteristic pattern of bone marrow edema about the foot and ankle seen by MRI in patients who have undergone recent immobilization therapy and investigate potential etiologies as well as possible clinical significance. METHODS: Three reviewers retrospectively evaluated 52 ankle MRI examinations in 18 patients with abnormal ...

Arachnoid granulations are rarely seen on high-resolution CT (HRCT) at the posterior temporal bone wall, where they appear as erosions, without bone spicules and often with a lobulated surface. Differential diagnosis includes endolymphatic sac tumor, paraganglioma, chordoma, and chondromatous and metastatic tumors. MR imaging can confirm the diagnosis because arachnoid ...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate load-transfer mechanisms and stress patterns of periacetabular cortical and cancellous bone after cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) in vivo using computed tomography (CT) assisted osteodensitometry. In addition we analyzed the efficacy of CT in detecting radiolucent lines around the acetabular ...

The scaphoid bone of the wrist is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the body. Due to its importance in the biomechanics and functionality of the wrist, it is important to depict and characterize the type of injury. Plain radiographs and scintigraphy may fail to disclose the type ...

PURPOSE: To examine degenerative features based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements at the lumbar spine in relation to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to investigate whether bone mineral density (BMD) is reflected in the substitution of bone trabecular structure by fat at the vertebral body level indicated by MRI ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is the identification of recurrent tumor of bone utilizing radiography, CT, and MRI. CONCLUSION: Radiography is frequently used to identify recurrence of treated bone tumors through findings such as osteolysis, cortical reactions, and characteristic matrix mineralization. CT can help evaluate the character of osseous ...

Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign bone tumors that most commonly occur in people younger than 30 years. The cysts are most often found in the metaphyses of long bones and rarely affect the skull. We present a 54-year-old woman with a rapidly enlarging mass in the left occipital region that ...

Of all the available imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best test for evaluation of possible osteomyelitis because of its high sensitivity for bone marrow abnormalities, soft tissue contrast, and depiction of anatomic detail. In this article we review the literature on MRI of pedal osteomyelitis, focusing on ...

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies demonstrated that otosclerosis diagnosis benefits from temporal bone density measurements. We sought to assess bone density measurements of the fissula ante fenestram (FAF) in normal patients, in patients with otosclerosis, and in patients with cholesteatoma. We discuss the value of temporal bone density measurements in patients with ...

We report a rare case of Ewing's sarcoma involving the third metatarsal bone and spreading into adjacent bone in a 23-year-old man, with special emphasis on imaging characteristics. On radiographs the tumor presented as a permeative lytic lesion with aggressive periosteal reaction and cortical destruction. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance ...

Signal changes within the bone marrow adjacent to osteoarthritic joints are commonly seen on magnetic resonance (MR) images in humans and in dogs. The histological nature of these lesions is poorly known. In this study, we describe the MR imaging of bone marrow lesions adjacent to the stifle joints of ...

Magnetic resonance imaging is a particularly important diagnostic method when bone and soft tissue lesions of inflammatory or malignant origin need to be analyzed. Traumatic lesions often are evaluated using standard radiographs or computed tomography. Both of these methods evaluate fractures appropriately; however, bone bruise, bone bending, and soft tissue ...

Microdamage is an important component of bone quality and affects bone remodeling. Improved techniques to assess microdamage without the need for histological sectioning would provide insight into the role of microdamage in trabecular bone strength by allowing the spatial distribution of damage within the trabecular microstructure to be measured. Nineteen ...

In order to help the assessment of trabecular bone diseases and complement Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in diagnosis process, it is needed an accurate mechanical characterization of trabecular bone structure to estimate the risk of fracture and evaluate micro-architecture deterioration. As Finite Element modeling has become a well-established method for ...

As computerized tomography (CT) becomes more widespread in implant treatment planning, dentists are bound to encounter more uncharacteristic anatomical conditions in the jaws. This retrospective study examined the prevalence of one such anatomic variance on 78 CT scans of human mandibles. Irregular heterogeneous circular radiopacities with internal radiolucencies were present ...

This study sought to determine if weekly X-ray exposure affected breast cancer cell metastasis to bone and to also evaluate the use of bioluminescent imaging (BLI) and microSPECT for detection of metastatic bone lesions. Five week old nude mice were randomly assigned to the CT exposed (n = 7) and ...

Bone scintigraphy is the most frequent examination among various diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures. It is a well-established imaging modality for the diagnosis of osseous metastasis and for monitoring osseous tumor response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although the sensitivity of bone scan examinations for detection of bone abnormalities has been ...

Musculoskeletal applications of MRI are increasing rapidly but a major challenge for researchers is the ability to efficiently and accurately segment structures of interest, such as bone, which is typically required to perform further quantitative analyses. Manual tracing is extremely time consuming and introduces problematic user variability. Automated segmentation is ...

Although bone mineral density measurements constitute one of the main clinical indicators of osteoporosis, we know that bone fragility risk is also related to deteriorations of osseous architecture. Medical imaging constitutes one means to appreciate in vivo bone screen, what is particularly important in the follow up of the osteoporosis. ...

Bone architectural information can be derived from structural indices calculated from high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images. However, high resolution scans are time consuming and prone to motion artifacts and hence are not routinely feasible. The purpose of this study is to determine if a correlation exists between 3D structural ...

Micro-computed tomography (muCT) is of great interest for palaeopathological examination because it is less invasive than histology. This study evaluates the diagnostic value of muCT for postcranial macerated bones. We investigated five specimens (osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, trauma, osteosarcoma and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy) of a pathology reference series by muCT and polarised light ...

PURPOSE: We assessed the diagnostic value of whole body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (WB-MRI) using diffusion-weighted images (DWI) for detecting bone metastasis and compared it with that of skeletal scintigraphy (SS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with malignancies (breast cancer, 17 patients; prostate cancer, 9; and one patient each, thyroid ...

The purpose of this study is to describe the MR imaging features of bone marrow in beta-thalassemia major and investigate their relation to ferritin, liver and spleen siderosis. Spinal bone marrow was prospectively assessed on abdominal MR studies of 40 transfused beta-thalassemic patients and 15 controls using T1-w, Pd, T2*-w ...

Semi quantitative MRI is a very useful procedure for evaluating the bone marrow burden (BMB) in Gaucher disease (GD). Score systems have been applied to obtain a parameter for evaluating the severity of bone disease. Our purpose was to test a simple, reproducible and accurate score to evaluate bone marrow ...

Myelofibrosis is a reactive, often inhomogeneous process in the marrow cavity, and sampling errors on biopsies obtained to diagnose and monitor the course of myelofibrosis have been a constant problem in hematopathology. We investigated the potential utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and femora as ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe temporal bone findings on computed tomography (CT) imaging in GJB2-related hearing loss (HL). We asked whether evaluation of the temporal bone is required in individuals with biallelic GJB2 mutations. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, blinded, controlled, prospective measurement. METHODS: Blood from 264 pediatric cochlear implant users was analyzed for ...

Growing awareness that osteoporosis may have its antecedents in childhood has led to increasing interest in assessing bone mass in children and adolescents. Several noninvasive imaging techniques are currently available to measure properties of the growing skeleton, including bone mass, density, cross-sectional area, and microarchitecture. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is ...