A time-of-flight MRI velocity measurement technique is evaluated against corresponding LDV measurements in a constriction tube model over a range of physiologic flow conditions. Results from this study show that MR displacement images can: (1) be obtained within both laminar and turbulent jets (maximum stenotic Re approximately equal to 4,200); ...

We examined 46 patients with angiographically documented regurgitant lesions (26 patients with mitral regurgitation, 20 patients with aortic regurgitation) using an 0.5 Tesla magnet. In each patient a multislice-multiphase spinecho sequence in sagittal-coronal double angulated plane was performed to assess left and right ventricular volumes, ejection fraction and regurgitant fraction. ...

A method has been developed for detecting and imaging the relative "stiffness," or elasticity of tissues. Externally applied vibration at low frequencies (10-1000 Hz) is used to induce oscillations within soft tissues, and the motion is detected by Doppler ultrasound. The results are displayed in a format resembling conventional Doppler ...

This article serves to highlight the recent advances that have been made in the workup and differential diagnosis of erectile dysfunction, focusing particularly on the role of imaging in this diagnostic assessment. Intracavernosal injection of vasoactive agents, duplex sonography with pulsed Doppler analysis, penile arteriography, and dynamic infusion pharmacocavernosometry/cavernosography are ...

To evaluate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detection and quantification of mitral regurgitation, 26 pts. with echocardiographically or angiographically documented mitral regurgitation were examined using a 0.5 Tesla superconducting magnet. In each patient a multislice-multiphase study in a sagittal-coronal double angulated projection (four-chamber view equivalent) was performed ...

Color Doppler imaging could easily and rapidly detect the absence of an umbilical artery, despite the presence of oligohydramnios in one case and multiple cord loops involving a normal cord in the other case. In the third case, which on gray-scale imaging appeared as an indeterminate cystic structure of the ...

The use of endosonographic methods (transvaginal sonography, transrectal sonography, cystosonography, hysterosonography) is increasing for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in obstetrics and gynecology. Because different means of description lead to confusion, endosonography needs a defined method of orientation. The topography used for transabdominal sonography should also be employed for endosonography. When ...

The authors describe a technique for determination of shunt patency by quantifying cerebrospinal fluid shunt flow rates with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This method uses a modified clinical sequence that is both sensitive to slow flow perpendicular to the imaging plane and capable of achieving oblique angles with a 4-cm ...

Cine MR imaging is a new technique that combines short repetition times, limited flip angles, gradient-refocused echoes, and cardiac gating. This procedure was performed in 20 patients in whom mitral regurgitation was shown on left ventriculography, and the results were compared with those of color Doppler flow mapping. In all ...

Ultrasound visualization of the first trimester embryo was compared using abdominal and transvaginal sonography. The parameters evaluated included the ability to obtain biometry, the ability to visualize detailed internal anatomy, and a subjective assessment of the overall image clarity. In 120 patients studied, transvaginal sonography was superior to abdominal sonography ...

The gubernaculum, a cordlike structure that extends from the testis to the scrotum and guides the testis in its descent, has a bulbous termination, the pars infravaginalis gubernaculi. We reviewed seven surgically proved cases in which the pars infravaginalis gubernaculi was mistaken for an undescended testis on imaging studies. The ...

The author presents a study of Doppler cerebrovascular ultrasonography carried out in 38 aphasie patients (forms ranging from transient speech disturbances to severe, persistent disturbances of motor, sensory or mixed aphasia) after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. In these cases, the clinical symptoms were dominated by speech impairment and neurological deficits ...

Colour Doppler flow mapping (CD) has proved to be a very sensitive and specific means of diagnosing valvular regurgitation and obtaining a rapid semiquantitative estimation of the severity of regurgitation itself. We tried to compare a semiquantitative evaluation of aortic and mitral regurgitation, without time-consuming calculations of regurgitant jet areas, ...

30 patients with a history of decompression sickness were examined for the presence of patent foramen ovale by bubble contrast, two-dimensional echocardiography and colour flow doppler imaging. With bubble contrast, 11 (37%) of the patients had right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale during spontaneous breathing. 61% of a subset ...

This study was performed to define the color Doppler sonographic appearance of normal and abnormal hemodialysis vascular access and to compare color Doppler sonography with angiography. Twenty-eight patients (nine with Brescia-Cimino fistulas and 19 with synthetic grafts) were imaged with digital subtraction angiography and color Doppler sonography. The examinations were ...

A color Doppler ultrasound imaging device was used to evaluate 475 patients with suspected lower-extremity venous thrombosis. Occlusive and nonocclusive femoral and popliteal thrombi were detected in 200 studies (42%). In phase 1 of the study (240 examinations), peripheral augmentation with the use of periodic calf compression was required to ...

Endometrial carcinomas from 29 patients were analyzed by flow and image cytometric techniques with respect to DNA-content. Good agreement of ploidy value was obtained in 22 of the cases. A correlation was demonstrated between percentage cells above 2.5 C in image cytometry and S-phase as determined by flow cytometry. The ...

A new type of ultrasound signal processing ("FM sonography") appears to be beneficial compared to conventional ultrasound ("AM sonography") in some applications (e.g., diffuse liver disease and prostatic carcinoma). Despite these possible advantages, it is doubtful FM sonography will be widely used unless it is at least as useful as ...

A time-of-flight MRI velocity measurement technique is evaluated against corresponding LDV measurements in a constriction tube model over a range of physiologic flow conditions. Results from this study show that MR displacement images can: 1) be obtained within both laminar and turbulent jets (maximum stenotic Re approximately equal to 4,200), ...

A new, rapid magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method, cine MR imaging, was used to determine the regurgitant fraction (RF) in patients with left-sided regurgitant lesions. Right and left ventricular stroke volumes were determined with cine MR imaging and a modified Simpson formula in ten healthy volunteers and 23 patients known ...

Intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed in 30 patients (group I) and two-dimensional Doppler color flow imaging was performed in 30 additional patients (group II) with various forms of congenital heart disease. A comparative complete two-dimensional Doppler and color flow examination was performed in group II patients 10 to 14 days ...

The value of transvaginal sonography in detecting gynecologic disease currently is being defined. To evaluate transvaginal depiction of the endometrium, transvaginal sonograms were compared with conventional transabdominal scans in 29 patients whose sonograms revealed endometrial abnormalities. The two techniques were compared for image quality and ability to provide unique diagnostic ...

A commercially available duplex ultrasound unit was used to examine 54 breast lesions in 44 women. The 7.5 MHz imaging probe contained a 3 MHz pulsed Doppler crystal, and the 10 MHz imaging probe contained a 4.5 MHz pulsed Doppler crystal. Doppler signals were elicited from normal breast tissue in ...

The study describes neuro-ophthalmologic findings in two patients with brain infarction who developed homonymous hemiachromatopsia with resolution to pure homonymous achromatopsia in an upper quadrant. All other visual parameters were normal; only color perimetry was capable of demonstrating the visual disorder. The results are presented with special emphasis on the ...

Duplex scanning of the carotid arteries combines B-mode ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound within a single instrument, thus providing both anatomical imaging of the vessel and flow velocity information. Combining these two unique aspects of ultrasound overcomes many of the individual limitations of each and provides improved noninvasive diagnosis of cerebrovascular ...

The construction of a mesoatrial shunt for portal decompression is one of the surgical procedures used for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. The results of the imaging procedures performed in eight patients treated in this fashion were retrospectively analyzed. All of the patients had angiography; seven had MR imaging and ...

Aortic insufficiency induces the development of a jet within the left ventricular outflow tract. The diameter of a laminar jet is a well-defined hydraulic parameter. This study was designed to evaluate, both experimentally and in patients, the accuracy of its measurement using a Doppler imaging performed with a multigate pulsed ...

The advancements in Doppler methodology in the past decade have dramatically changed the way we assess children with heart disease. Techniques to determine pressures, gradients, shunt flows, and regurgitant lesions have shifted the noninvasive studies into areas that were strictly the venue of catheterization a decade ago. The more recent ...

Eight adults with known valvular insufficiency were studied with cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Our cine MR uses cardiac synchronization of a rapid small flip angle pulse sequence on a 1.5 T MR system. Eleven regurgitant lesions (including aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves) were imaged with both cine MR and ...

The different non-invasive exploratory techniques for cervical arteries are compared and classified as hemodynamic exploration methods (continuous and pulsed Doppler testing, frequency profile analysis, oculoplethysmography), and imaging methods (ultrasonic and real-time echotomography imaging). We believe that the best results can be obtained by associating frequency profile analysis with real-time echotomography ...

The clinically obvious varicocele is perhaps the most common identifiable and correctable cause of male infertility. However, less is known about the subclinical (not palpable) varicocele and its relationship to infertility. We undertook this study to compare the ability of high-resolution sonography and radionuclide scrotal scanning to detect subclinical varicocele. ...

Doppler ultrasound and real-time B-mode ultrasonic imaging are useful techniques to monitor the technical success of reconstructive vascular operations. Gas-sterilized CW or pulsed Doppler probes permit audible or spectral detection of normal and abnormal blood velocity patterns associated with intimal flaps, thrombotic or platelet aggregates, retained venous valve cusps or ...

In 72 patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI), mitral regurgitation (MR) was assessed by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography and compared with physical and 2-dimensional echocardiographic findings. MR was found by Doppler in 29 of 42 patients (62%) with anterior MI, 11 of 30 (37%) with inferior MI (p less than 0.01) ...

Testicular torsion occurring three years after bilateral orchiopexy is described. The antecedent orchiopexy was accomplished using 2-0 proline sutures and transseptal fixation of the contralateral testicle. A history of bilateral orchiopexy should not interfere with diagnosing torsion in the acute scrotum. Doppler ultrasound and nuclear imaging scan are auxiliary tools ...

Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DC) have been reported to have abnormal left ventricular (LV) diastolic properties. To evaluate LV diastolic filling characteristics in patients with DC, pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to study mitral flow velocity in 21 patients with DC and mitral regurgitation (MR), 12 patients with DC but ...

The records of 2,000 consecutive patients who had been examined by auscultation, phonocardiography (PCG), two-dimensional echocardiography and pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) were reviewed to assess the clinical significance of apical systolic murmurs which cease well before the aortic closure sound. Fifty-five patients were verified to have early or mid-systolic apical ...

A method is described for using a scanned hydrophone to assess the transmit-receive response of ultrasonic Doppler transducers. The method was used on batches of six probes at each of the nominal resonant frequencies of 2, 4 and 8 MHz. The method has the advantage of showing unwanted field characteristics ...

Clinical and laboratory studies have provided convincing evidence that varicoceles are detrimental to spermatogenesis and that this effect is unrelated to their size. Thus, physicians have used diagnostic techniques other than physical examination to find these small but clinically significant varicoceles. Because scrotal sonography has proved to be invaluable to ...

Computed tomography (CT) scanograms provide an accurate method for evaluation of leg-length discrepancy. Flexion of a leg may be missed on a single frontal projection, and the measurements obtained will be erroneously shortened. When performing CT sonography, lateral views of the limbs may be easily and rapidly obtained without having ...

A newly developed 60-cm video sigmoidoscope has no image bundle or eyepiece. During scope manipulation, the instrument provides a real-time color endoscopic image on a video monitor as well as a permanent videotape record of the procedure. In a series of examinations performed by residents in family medicine, no complications ...

Doppler echocardiography is useful for detecting and quantifying mitral regurgitation (MR) and mitral stenosis (MS). To determine the prevalence of these abnormalities in patients with mitral anular calcium (MAC), 51 consecutive patients who had an echocardiographic diagnosis of MAC were examined by Doppler ultrasound. Transmitral flow was evaluated to determine ...

Indirect measurement in vivo of nuclear color of 64 cataractous eyes was made using a method of image analysis of photographed lenses developed by the authors. The grade of yellow of lens color was characterized by its dominant wavelength and excitation purity in the CIE chromaticity diagram. The differences were ...

Twenty-one adult male patients with 24 intracranial neoplasms were studied with intraoperative sonography and preoperative computed tomography (CT). Both methods defined the lesions, but the characteristic appearances were different. Sonography was more effective than CT in determining whether a lesion was cystic, with or without septations, or solid. Most importantly, ...

Tricuspid regurgitation is often not apparent on physical examination and several methods are now available to aid in this difficult assessment. Cardiac catheterization using right ventriculography, previously considered the diagnostic standard, has several limitations. Currently available noninvasive tools such as M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (with or without contrast), Doppler techniques ...

The role of varicocele in male infertility is known. Among infertile patients that look for treatment, approximately 30% suffer from varicocele. The demonstration of the existence of subclinical varicoceles, that is, those that are not detectable through clinical examination, that are responsible for alterations in the spermogram, lead to the ...

The patency of the external carotid artery (ECA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) in the presence of an occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) was evaluated in 7 patients with a symptomatic CCA occlusion by the combined application of cerebrovascular Doppler examination (cv-Doppler) based on continuous-wave equipment and sequential ...

To determine whether tricuspid regurgitation (TR) can be diagnosed by direct imaging of regurgitant flow in the right atrium (RA) using contrast echocardiography, echocardiography was performed in 35 patients using peripheral intravenous injections of 5% dextrose solution. Fifteen patients had TR judged by v-wave synchronous contrast appearance on the inferior ...

In order to find a reliable noninvasive method of evaluating patency and function of extra-/intracranial arterial bypass, pre- and postoperative angiograms were compared with the results of pre- and postoperative dynamic computed tomographic (CT) scans and Doppler sonographic findings. Doppler sonography alone is a reliable method for determining patency and ...

The full-color map reproduced on page 987 of the 3 December 1982 issue is a preliminary rendition of the Composite Magnetic Anomaly Map of the United States, not the final version. Only the color schemes differ; the magnetic contours are identical.

The most satisfactory methods of evaluating the carotid artery have included Doppler imaging and ultrasonic duplex scanning. It is now recognized that these techniques are most accurate when used in combination with spectral analysis to more objectively determine the flow patterns present across this important bifurcation. In the centers where ...