Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess anatomical changes in the pelvic floor after childbirth. Six women underwent serial MRI examination within 30 hours and at 1 week, 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 6 months after delivery; 8 additional women were studied only within 30 hours of delivery. T-1 ...

PURPOSE: To determine the normal anatomy of the anal sphincter complex on magnetic resonance (MR) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers (four men, six women; age range, 21-26 years) underwent MR imaging with an endoanal coil. RESULTS: The lower part of the anal canal contained the internal sphincter, the ...

Endosonography from within the anus has been used to image the anorectum and its associated musculature. A 5.0-MHz endovaginal probe was inserted vaginally, and longitudinal and cross-sectional views of the anorectum were obtained. We were able to measure rectal length and diameter, puborectalis thickness and angle, thickness of internal and ...

Because of the importance of preoperative localization of dural fistulas, many imaging modalities have been critically evaluated for their role in pinpointing the site of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Twenty-one consecutive patients who were suspected of having a CSF fistula were studied to evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in locating ...

PURPOSE: To examine the clinical and radiographic findings in a large group of patients having or suspected of having a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. METHODS: An analysis of 240 spinal angiograms in 132 patients revealed 97 vascular malformations that included 66 spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. Sixteen patients had 1 or ...

PURPOSE: To show that postgadolinium three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography shows abnormal intradural vessels associated with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula better than routine MR imaging and provides screening information useful for subsequent diagnostic conventional angiography and/or posttreatment evaluation. METHODS: Precontrast and postcontrast MR imaging and MR angiograms, as well as subsequent ...

OBJECTIVE: Oroantral fistula, an abnormal communication between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus, is infrequently diagnosed radiologically. The purpose of this study was to describe the CT findings and clinical features of oroantral fistula and to show that dental CT multiplanar reformatting programs can be instrumental in diagnosing this ...

Nine infants (six boys, three girls) with anorectal anomalies were examined in the immediate newborn period, prior to corrective surgery, with MRI. Three high, one intermediate and five low anomalies were found at MRI - one patient with a low lesion was subsequently found at surgery 2 months later to ...

We present a case of aortocaval fistula (ACF) secondary to spontaneous rupture of an atherosclerotic infrarenal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava that was initially diagnosed with computed tomography (CT). This is believed to be the first report of this condition with CT demonstration of the exact site of ...

OBJECTIVE: The anal sphincter was imaged with MR using an internal coil to demonstrate its anatomy, contrast enhancement patterns, and appearance in disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cylindrical saddle geometry coil was placed in the anal canal. Sixteen volunteers and 18 patients were examined. Imaging was performed on a 0.5 ...

We report the radiological features, including Doppler sonography and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) findings, of a nongalenic arteriovenous fistula diagnosed in the neonatal period. Hypertensive hydrocephalus developed in infancy. Emergent percutaneous transarterial embolization with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was successfully performed and lead to clinical improvement. MRA allowed a noninvasive follow-up.

An internal receiver coil was used to obtain high resolution transverse and oblique coronal magnetic resonance images of the anal sphincter in five normal volunteers and five patients. The internal sphincter had a high signal intensity on T1 weighted, T2 weighted, and STIR sequences whereas the conjoined longitudinal muscle and ...

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of standard and thin-section computed tomography (CT) in the examination of patients with possible bronchopleural fistulas (BPFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with known or suspected BPFs underwent CT. Twelve had pleural air and fluid collections; eight had air leaks. Fourteen patients also underwent thin-section ...

BACKGROUND: We describe the value of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in six distinct clinical settings often encountered in cases of perirectal inflammatory disease. METHODS: MRI was performed on six patients with known perianal inflammatory disease; the number, anatomic extent, location, and signal intensities of various lesions and their associated ...

Ultrasonographic (US), computed tomographic (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a patient suffering from an amebic abscess of the liver complicated by a bronchohepatic fistula are presented. Subsequent to US, CT provided the specific diagnosis. Multiplanar MRI was valuable to directly visualize the secondary diaphragmatic rupture and the ...

Three-dimensional images of the pelvic structure of patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) were constructed by computer graphics based on radiographic computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. Organ contour data from CT images and raw MR image data were transferred to a personal computer and to a graphic workstation ...

We report a case of congenital fistula from ectopic accessory parotid gland to the cheek demonstrated by CT sialography and CT fistulography. The right parotid gland was abnormally located lateral to masseter muscle. The fistula was arising from an ectopic accessory parotid gland with ectopic duct positioned anterior to masseter ...

The purpose of this study was to highlight pleurocutaneous fistula, documented on computed tomography (CT) scans, as a complication of oleothorax. CT images of the chest were evaluated retrospectively in three patients with pleurocutaneous fistula complicating oleothorax. The images documented oleothorax rupture in all three, with only one patient (case ...

Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images reveal major atmospheric changes created by the collision of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter. Plumes rose to 3000 kilometers with ejection velocities on the order of 10 kilometers second-1; some plumes were visible in the shadow of Jupiter before rising into sunlight. During some impacts, ...

A surface coil placed within the anal canal was used to image the anal sphincter and determine normal anatomy and contrast enhancement patterns as well as appearances in disease. Sixteen normal volunteers and 24 patients were examined. Imaging was performed on a 0.5-T Picker Asset and a 1.0-T Picker HPQ ...

This study evaluated the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the demonstration of the pelvic and perianal complications of Crohn's disease. Twenty five patients with active Crohn's disease were studied (12 male; mean age 41.1 years). MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5 Tesla system, within 14 days after ...

A 9-year-old child presented with right eye swelling and bluish discoloration over the periorbital region. MR and CT displayed prominent vessels within the orbit and in the facial region, suggesting a carotid-cavernous fistula. Doppler ultrasound indicated the vascular engorgement was not secondary to a proximal arteriovenous shunt. Arteriography with its ...

PURPOSE: Although anal endosonography provides clear images of anal sphincters, the probe in the anal canal may distort epithelial structures and sphincter muscles may be compressed, producing inaccurate muscle thickness measurements. The aim of this study is to describe a new approach using vaginal endosonography to image the anal canal ...

A new operative technique that uses ultrasonography during sacroperineal or sacroabdominoperineal anorectoplasty was performed on seven patients with an intermediate or high anorectal malformation. Ultrasonography was used for the purpose of making a pull-through tunnel under visual guidance. The results of this technique were evaluated by computed tomography scanning to ...

The technique of perendoscopic manometry was used to study the motor patterns of the ileocecal junction and distal ileum. An expert endoscopist cannulated the distal ileum of 20 unsedated subjects in 260 +/- 252 (mean +/- SD) seconds, causing no discomfort beyond that of an ordinary colonoscopic examination. No sphincter-like ...

A patient presented to the emergency department with tachypnea, fever, a right pleural effusion, and lung consolidation. The computed tomographic guided thoracentesis yielded a greenish fluid with bilirubin. The ultrasound examination demonstrated a distended gallbladder with stones, positioned on the ventral face of the liver and a free communication between ...

Congenital perilymphatic fistula is an abnormal communication between the inner ear and middle ear. Inner ear anomalies have been described on computed tomography scans. Middle ear anomalies have been found at surgery; the most frequent are anomalies of the stapes and round window. This retrospective study describes the appearance of ...

Five boys with acquired arteriovenous fistulas are presented; four had factor VIII deficiencies, and one had a hepatic-induced coagulopathy. The cause of the fistula was the trauma induced by single or repeated venous and/or arterial punctures. All five developed a slowly progressive pulsatile mass of over a period of months. ...

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of the postpneumonectomy space (PPS) after surgical treatment of postpneumonectomy empyema. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed 22 CT scans obtained in 15 patients after open window thoracostomy (OWT) (n = 4), myoplasty (n = 12), and epiploplasty (n = 1). ...

PURPOSE: Successful management of anal fistulas depends upon accurate assessment of the primary tract and any secondary extensions. Preoperative imaging has, to date, been disappointing. METHODS: A prospective study of 35 patients with a clinical diagnosis of fistula-in-ano was performed comparing magnetic resonance imaging with the independently documented operative findings. ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with saline solution as contrast agent in diagnosis of perianal fistulous disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spin-echo intermediate-, T2-, and T1-weighted images were obtained before and after instillation of saline solution into anal fistulas in 12 of 16 consecutive patients. In four ...

Sixteen male patients were examined by sonography, urethrography and urethroscopy because of a clinical suspicion of urethral stricture. For sonography the urethra was filled with anesthetic gel using an inflexible plastic syringe. Ten strictures were identified by urethroscopy; 9 of them were also seen in urethrography and 5 in sonography. ...

OBJECTIVES: The assessment of complicated anal fistulae is based on digital examination. Our objective was to study the potential role of MRI in this setting by comparing preoperative digital examination with MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Digital examination and MRI were prospectively and blindly interpreted in 13 patients with complicated anal ...

Transrectal Ultrasonography (TRU) provides an excellent imaging of the rectal wall, the perirectal structures (1) and especially of the anal sphincter (2,3). We used a rigid endorectal probe with a linear and a radial ultrasonic window, and with a frequency of 5 MHz (model IUV 5060; Toshiba, Japan). The linear ...

The aim of this study was to document the appearances of fistula-in-ano on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to prospectively evaluate the accuracy of MRI in the pre-operative assessment of anal fistulae. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of fistula-in-ano and awaiting surgery (n = 35) were examined with MRI. The ...

Accurate localization of CSF fistulae not only makes the planning of surgery easier, but it also increases the chances of successful dural repair and eliminates negative exploration. CSF fistulae localization has been a problem for many years, and several methods have been used to pin-point the site of CSF leakage ...

In this prospective study the performance of transrectal or transvaginal endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was compared with that of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of perirectal fistulae, abscesses and diffuse inflammatory changes in the lower pelvis in 25 patients with Crohn's disease. Results were verified by surgery in eight patients ...

Perilymphatic fistula (PLF) is considered to be a most challenging otologic issue. There are no currently agreed upon objective tests for the diagnosis of PLF. In an effort to improve diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected PLF, a novel diagnostic test involving magnetic resonance (MR) contrast imaging was designed. An ...

To image esophageal and gastric varices qualitatively and to measure esophageal varices quantitatively, 29 patients with portal hypertension underwent transnasal esophageal and gastric ultrasonography (US). Twenty-three patients underwent standard endoscopy. Endoluminal US demonstrated the varices as anechoic areas with communications in the submucosal, periesophageal, and perigastric regions, as well as ...

Appendicitis and its complications are among the causes of an enterovesical fistula, with approximately 100 such cases reported. This condition is seldom diagnosed preoperatively and surgery is often delayed. We report 2 cases of an appendicovesical fistula that were diagnosed preoperatively by computerized tomography (CT). We describe a CT finding ...

The endosonographic anatomy of the anal sphincters was studied by in vivo and in vitro correlation with anatomical dissection. Fourteen fresh anorectal specimens (eight abdominoperineal resection, six post mortem) were scanned in a water-bath with sequential dissection and correlation with the ultrasonographic images. Accurate anatomical identification of the layers during ...

Subarachnoid-pleural fistula is an unusual complication of spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) and a rare cause of posttraumatic pleural effusion. The clinical presentation and surgical management of a child, the first with this complication seen at our institution, who sustained a T-6 SCIWORA and a cerebrospinal fluid-pleural effusion ...

We have reviewed 67 failing haemodialysis fistulas imaged by intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA). Peripheral venous injection of non-ionic contrast was used in all examinations. No complications relating to peripheral injection, contrast dose or fluid load were experienced. Image quality was poor, owing to inadequate vascular opacification, in 1/67. Image ...

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the overlapping and unique contributions that radiographic techniques might provide for accurate characterization of hard palate fistulas associated with cleft palate. Five subjects with oronasal fistulas were selected for radiographic imaging, and their informed consent was obtained. Results indicated that radiographs with ...

A 56-year-old man with metastatic prostatic carcinoma underwent placement of a Hickman catheter. Approximately two months after the procedure, he was admitted to the hospital with hemoptysis and in respiratory distress. A contrast computed tomographic (CT) scan confirmed the diagnosis of a cava-bronchial fistula. The fistula was surgically repaired, and ...

Ten patients with dural carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) who presented with ophthalmic manifestations were studied using postcontrast computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and selective cerebral arteriography. The lesions of two patients were bilateral. An enlarged cavernous sinus (CS) was diagnosed in 6 of the 12 involved sides using postcontrast ...

Success of surgery for an anal fistula depends on accurate assessment of the fistula; however, such assessment is technically difficult. We have done a prospective study that determined the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in demonstrating the course of fistulae, by comparing MRI scan interpretations with subsequent operative findings. ...

In any child with recurrent meningitis, the presence of a congenital perilymph fistula must be entertained. All of the patients must have an audiologic assessment, and if a sensorineural loss is demonstrated, CT of the temporal bones should be performed. CT is excellent in identifying malformations within the temporal bones, ...

The development of one aspect of feeling female is hypothesized to account for certain phenomena in the treatment of young women patients. Fear of loss of genital pleasure experienced as contractions of the anal and genital-urinary sphincters is seen as the central issue in conflicts manifested in genital, oral, and ...

The evolutionary concepts of pinpointing and treating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas over the past few decades are reviewed taking into consideration the dynamic character of CSF circulation. The localization of the site of leakage is greatly facilitated by the judicious use of a variety of radioisotope and radiological techniques. The ...