Response of high-grade osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma to preoperative chemotherapy can significantly affect the surgical approach to patients with these tumors and their disease-free survival. This article presents the findings and limitations of different imaging modalities (radiography, angiography, sonography, scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance [MR] imaging and spectroscopy) for evaluating this ...

OBJECTIVE: This study compared dynamic MR imaging with fluoroscopic cystocolpoproctography for the detection and measurement of prolapse of pelvic organs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ten patients underwent triphasic dynamic MR imaging and triphasic fluoroscopic cystocolpoproctography with identical amounts of contrast material to opacify the bladder, vagina, and rectum. The dynamic MR ...

Dynamic contrast-enhanced whole-abdomen axial images were obtained by using a fat-suppressed, three-dimensional, breath-hold enhanced fast spoiled gradient-echo technique, configured for optimal evaluation for detection and characterization of liver lesions. We then evaluated the feasibility of using these images to reconstruct "free" abdominal magnetic resonance angiography, without additional cost or acquisition ...

The accuracy of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the differentiation of malignant and benign pelvic lesions during follow-up of patients with treated colorectal tumours was evaluated prospectively. 19 patients (11 men, 8 women; age range 35-70 years; mean 57 years) with suspected local recurrence of colorectal malignancy ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the usefulness of MR imaging in the follow-up evaluation of small hepatocellular carcinoma lesions treated with RF ablation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study group included 37 patients with a single hepatocellular carcinoma lesion less than 3 cm in diameter. A strict ...

Magnitude subtraction and complex subtraction in dynamic contrast-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance (3D-MR) angiography were compared using a phantom and 23 human subjects. In phantom studies, complex subtraction showed far better performance than magnitude subtraction, especially for longer echo times, with thicker slices, and without fat suppression. With complex subtraction, non-fat-suppressed ...

The present article demonstrates pictorially the use of MultiHance (gadobenate dimeglumine, Gd-BOPTA) in dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and is aimed at ensuring that the product is not misconceived as solely a hepatobiliary agent for use in delayed, static magnetic resonance imaging for the improved detection of focal liver lesions. The ...

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we reviewed the results of clinical phase II and III trials in Japan. Gd-BOPTA was administered at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg to 139 patients who were suspected to have HCC. Dynamic phase images ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences to depict periosteal edema in patients with medial tibial pain. Additionally, we evaluated the ability of dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCES) to depict possible temporal alterations in muscular perfusion within compartments of the leg. ...

PURPOSE: The goal of this work was to analyze time-density curves (TDCs) of contrast media (CM) in the mediastinal vasculature to optimize chest dynamic incremental CT. METHOD: Forty-three patients were injected with nonionic CM into the forearm veins with injection rates (ml/s), durations (s), and total amounts (ml) of 2.0, ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging has been used successfully to identify post-treatment recurrence or postoperative changes in rectal and cervical carcinoma. Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging for distinguishing recurrent inverted papilloma (IP) from postoperative changes. METHODS: Fifteen patients with 20 pathologically ...

The objective of this article was to compare half-dose (0.05 mm/kg) gadolinium-enhanced dynamic hepatic MR imaging to standard doses (0.10 mm/kg). Eighteen patients for follow-up hepatic MR received 0.05 mm/kg of gadolinium DTPA dynamically with gradient-echo imaging. Imaging parameters were identical to a 0.10-mm/kg study; patients were imaged during multiple ...

PURPOSE: Our aim was to investigate the usefulness of multisection dynamic MR imaging using a 3D FLASH technique during breath holding in assessing myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight endometrial carcinomas were evaluated with pathologic correlation. Dynamic MR imaging was performed using the 3D FLASH technique during ...

Dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is useful in assessing delayed neurologic deterioration after multilevel cervical laminectomy. The authors report a case of a 75-year-old woman who deteriorated 24 years after a C4-C7 laminectomy. When the extension MR demonstrated marked spinal cord compression attributable to a laminectomy membrane, the patient had ...

Pharmacokinetic analysis using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging provides insight into various physiological aspects of tumors, including capillary wall permeability and the volume of the interstitial space. This physiology may be investigated in either a heuristic or model-based fashion using various methods presented in the literature. This review describes many of ...

Direct injections into the cerebroventricles have been extensively utilized in neurophysiological studies. Mapping the distribution of injectate after intracerebroventricular injection has been made only by post mortem analysis, and the dynamic distribution of injectate within the brain has not been well characterized. In this report, we apply contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance ...

Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a single shot fast spin-echo technique was evaluated as a noninvasive alternative to cystourethography or colpocystorectography in patients with pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence. Thirty-two patients were included in this prospective study. Colpocystorectography was performed in 10 patients who previously had undergone hysterectomy ...

We present a case of azygos vein continuation with aneurysm of the azygos vein simulating a tumor in the right upper mediastinum. The dynamic CT examination initially showed a structure of malignant appearance during the early arterial phase. Further dynamic CT revealed marked enhancement of the mass during the late ...

PURPOSE: Our goal was to evaluate possible diagnostic advantages of ultrafast MRI of the breast in comparison with dynamic MRI. METHOD: Thirty patients with 35 hypervascularized lesions were selected prospectively after undergoing standard dynamic MRI (temporal resolution 87 s). Patients underwent additional ultrafast imaging (temporal resolution 2 s). Onset, rate, ...

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has recently emerged as an important method for evaluating soft tissue sarcomas for biopsy localization, chemotherapeutic response, and long-term follow-up because of its ability to detect viable tumor. This article presents the basic principles of contrast kinetics in soft tissue sarcomas after bolus injection of ...

The evaluation of pediatric osteosarcoma has suffered from the lack of an accurate imaging measure of response. One major problem is that osteosarcoma do not shrink in response to chemotherapy; instead, viable tumor is replaced by necrotic tissue. Currently available techniques that use dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to quantitatively ...

We evaluated 99Tcm-N,N'-(1,2-ethylenediyl)bis-L-cysteine diethyl ester (99Tcm-ECD) dynamic and static SPET (single photon emission tomographic) images to examine 99Tcm-ECD kinetics under ischaemic cerebrovascular conditions. In 20 patients who showed arterial occlusion on magnetic resonance angiography, dynamic (0-10 min) and static (15-35 min) SPET images were acquired after the intravenous administration of ...

The use of intensity-modulated radiation fields in radiotherapy treatment has been shown to have the potential to deliver highly conformal dose distributions. One technique for delivering these intensity-modulated beams is a computerized dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC). A major current impediment to the development of dynamic MLC therapy is verification of ...

OBJECTIVE: To quantify first-pass enhancement of cervix carcinoma using fast dynamic MRI. To assess the accuracy of dynamic contrast-enhanced colour-coded MRI for determining tumour invasion into surrounding pelvic tissues. METHODS: Gadolinium enhanced dynamic MRI at one image every 2 s was performed in 47 patients with cervical carcinoma and five ...

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate a correlation between the speed of contrast enhancement in patients with hepatic cavernous hemangioma revealed by dynamic MR imaging and the internal echo pattern revealed by sonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients underwent multiphase IV contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging that revealed 71 hepatic cavernous ...

OBJECTIVE: To report the application of dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MRI for detecting recurrences in aggressive or malignant soft tissue tumors. DESIGN: The imaging studies consisted of static (T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo) acquisitions, followed by dynamic conventional spin-echo short TR/TE images (at 45 s, 1 min 30 s and 5 min) ...

Dynamic and static gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(Gd-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated as measures of joint inflammation in arthritis, by a comparison with macroscopic and microscopic signs of synovitis. Furthermore, the importance of the size of the evaluated synovial areas was investigated, as was the optimal time for enhancement measurements. Seventeen ...

BACKGROUND: To report the dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of hepatolithiasis. METHODS: Dynamic MR images (fast spoiled gradient echo sequence with intravenous injection of gadopentate dimeglumine) and computed tomography, cholangiography, or angiography of nine patients with hepatolithiasis are analyzed. RESULTS: All affected hepatic segments showed atrophic changes and contained ...

High-resolution contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI of the uterus can be performed with the combination of a phased-array multicoil and fast GE techniques. This technique can improve the ability to visualize normal anatomy of the uterus and periuterine tissues, including vascular structures and pelvic ligaments, and to detect pathologic processes of the ...

Forty-five patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were studied prospectively by dynamic CT and cerebral angiography. The accuracy of dynamic CT in demonstrating the underlying vascular cause in ICH was evaluated. Dynamic CT correctly predicted 90% of aneurysms, 83% of AVMs and 100% of normal studies as compared to angiography. ...

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy has become an increasingly popular procedure. This is mainly due to the improvement of the endoscopes. The progress in imaging techniques and Phase-Contrast Cine MRI in particular offers a reliable method of pre-and post-operative assessment of the patients. Two endoscopes, NeuroPEN and Channel Neuroendoscope (Medtronic PS Medical, ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of enhanced dynamic MR images in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Dynamic enhanced turbo spin-echo transverse images were obtained in 35 patients with newly diagnosed NPC. Comparison was made between the pre-contrast image, last enhanced scan and dynamic series in assessment of the extent of primary ...

Texture feature extraction is a fundamental part of texture image analysis. Therefore, the reduction of its computational time and storage requirements should be an aim of continuous research. The Spatial Grey Level Dependence Method (SGLDM) is one of the most important statistical texture description methods, especially in medical image analysis. ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate if the failure of chemotherapy in patients with advanced urinary bladder cancer can be predicted early in the course of chemotherapy with fast dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 22 consecutive patients with histologically proved advanced urinary bladder cancer ...

The scientific study of the interaction of human genitals during coitus and after ejaculation with and without female orgasm has always been difficult and controversial with ethical, technical and social problems. The present brief review examines critically the results from these studies. Early observations utilised changes induced in sexually self-aroused ...

PURPOSE: To compare high-resolution contrast-enhanced (Gd-DTPA) dynamic MR imaging with T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) imaging in the evaluation of uterine cervical carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with cervical carcinoma underwent MR imaging on a 1.5 T superconductive unit to have the extension of the disease assessed before treatment. A ...

A study was performed to evaluate relationships between mandible position, dynamics, muscle activity and head posture while swallowing by use of surface EMG and mandible kinesiograph on two population groups (118 pathologics and 31 controls). The study produced the following: 1. specific mandible dynamics with a very fast rising phase ...

The first pass phase of contrast material is most important to study vascularization and perfusion of tissue and can be studied using dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the usefulness of pre-contrast vs. post-contrast and fast dynamic MR imaging in the pre-operative ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) defecography performed with a superconducting, open-configuration system in diagnosis of defecation disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five healthy volunteers and 15 patients with defecation disorders were studied with MR defecography performed with a superconducting, open-configuration system; the patients also underwent fluoroscopic defecography. Before MR ...

This technical note describes the use of dynamic MRI in the diagnosis of groin herniations. A review of the anatomy of the groin is presented and 4 representative cases are described. This paper indicates that dynamic MRI can be used to confirm the diagnosis in patients with clinically evident groin ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The use of rapid dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after bolus intravenous contrast injection, to improve detection and delineation of parenchymal disease, was evaluated in an experimental model of splenic metastasis. METHODS: An experimental model for splenic metastasis was first developed in the New Zealand White rabbit. ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal time for obtaining delayed images with contrast-enhanced CT in patients who have intrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: CT studies were performed in 25 consecutive patients with proven cholangiocarcinoma, including six patients who had undergone radiotherapy or chemotherapy. ...

The ability of helical thoracic CT to acquire data rapidly has enabled radiologists to use the dynamics of contrast medium flow more effectively to diagnose subtle abnormalities. In general, these abnormal flow dynamics manifest in two ways: diverted hyperdense venous opacification and an altered temporal relationship of vascular opacification. When ...

Dynamic studies of Gd-based contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increasingly being used for tumor characterization as well as therapy response monitoring. Because detailed knowledge regarding the pathophysiological properties, which in turn are responsible for differences in contrast enhancement, remains fairly undetermined, it was the aim of this ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristic findings of cervical carcinoma in dynamic MR imaging with a turbo-FLASH technique and to investigate the cause of the hyperintense rim surrounding the tumor on dynamic MR images by comparing them with the pathological findings in the resected specimens. Sixty ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between measurements of the anorectal configuration made with dynamic MR imaging and with evacuation proctography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ten women with constipation were examined sequentially using both standard evacuation proctography and dynamic MR imaging. Correlation and agreement between standard ...

PURPOSE: To compare dynamic contrast material-enhanced subtraction and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the differentiation of fibrosis from tumor recurrence during the follow-up of treated gynecologic pelvic malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients (aged 24-82 years) with 18 benign and 35 malignant lesions confirmed by means of ...

Inflammatory pseudotumor and hemangioma of the spleen are rare benign tumors, and MRI findings of splenic diseases have been reported only rarely. We recently observed three patients with inflammatory pseudotumor and hemangioma of the spleen. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography demonstrated within the enlarged ...

We describe the use of dynamic breath-hold gadolinium-enhanced 3D MRI for the evaluation of intraarterial masses and its potential use in differentiating thrombus from neoplasm. This rapid technique overcomes the flow artifacts that may obscure intraarterial masses on contrast-enhanced ECG-gated SE MR and can be performed on patients who otherwise ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether dynamic MRI could differentiate gallbladder carcinoma from chronic cholecystitis. METHOD: The dynamic MR findings of 50 patients with pathologically proven chronic cholecystitis and 13 with gallbladder carcinomas were correlated with the pathological findings. RESULTS: In chronic cholecystitis with thickened wall, ...