The greater wing of the human sphenoid bone is pierced by several foramina, which contain, as a main element, the venous anastomoses between the interior of the skull and the extracranial veins. Since data concerning these foramina are scarce in the literature, studies comprising the frequency of occurrence and morphology ...

A 7 year-old boy with unilateral septic cavernous sinus thrombosis following a pyoderma in the eyebrow is described. Problems in diagnosis and the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the management are highlighted. Patient recovered with mild residual sequelae. The unique feature of this case was absence of chemosis ...

A 51-year-old Japanese male with chief complaints of slightly high fever and epigastralgia was hospitalized at our facility. The inflammatory response was enhanced, and liver dysfunction was observed. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated a hyperechoic lesion occupying the left portal vein, and abdominal plain CT indicated a low density of the lesion ...

BACKGROUND: Recent developments in magnetic resonance (MR) technology now enable the use of MR venography, providing 3-dimensional (3D) images of intracranial venous structures. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of 3D contrast-enhanced MR venography (CE MRV) in the evaluation of intracranial venous system for surgical planning ...

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is diagnosed by imaging methods. Once diagnosed by means of ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound can be performed to distinguish between a benign and malignant thrombus. If further information is required, magnetic resonance angiography or contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the next step, and if these tests are unsatisfactory, ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims at evaluating the adequacy of digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance venography in imaging of the galenic venous system for surgical planning of approaches to the pineal region. Anatomical dissections were carried out in 10 cadavers of several age groups and these were compared to imaging ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We assessed MR imaging, specifically contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE), in evaluating retrograde venous drainage in patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) that may result in catastrophic venous infarction or hemorrhage. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with angiographically proved dAVFs underwent nonenhanced spin-echo (SE) and fast ...

Parasagittal meningiomas (PSM) may pose a difficult surgical challenge since venous patency and collateral anastomoses have to be clearly defined for correct surgical planning. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance venography (MRV) in the preoperative evaluation of venous infiltration and ...

OBJECTIVE: The precise prenatal diagnosis of abnormal venous connections of the fetal heart is challenging. Anatomical accuracy may be important in determining the best route for postnatal angiography, as well as the prognosis and treatment. This study was designed to determine the value of 'inversion mode', a new three- and ...

We report two cases of coexistent left-sided gallbladder and right-sided ligamentum teres with portal vein anomalies documented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography during arterial portography (CTAP). Reformatted 3D MR and CTAP images provide an informative illustration of the accompanying portal vein anomalies. This important anatomical ...

A 13-year-old boy had a history of severe headache for two weeks. He also had seizures and vomited many times. Neurological examination was normal except for bilateral papilloedema. Sagittal T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images showed loss of the normal flow void in the superior sagittal sinus. There was hyperintensity, which ...

Myeloproliferative disorder, liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension, deficiency of natural anticoagulant proteins, gene mutation and hepatocellular carcinoma are the most frequent causes of portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Higher accuracy of the diagnostic methods is the reason why today the cause of PVT can be found more frequently. With imaging methods, ...

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare two-dimensional (2D) time-of-flight cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) venography with gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo cerebral MR venography in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This investigation had investigational review board approval and was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant; parental informed consent was obtained. Thirty-seven patients (20 boys, ...

We present an integrated methodology for human brain mapping by simultaneous BOLD fMRI and NIR imaging. This methodology consists of three innovative components: the construction of MRI-compatible optical probes that can be affixed to any part of the human head inside a standard MRI head-coil with minimal MR image distortion, ...

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced 3D turbo-flash and 2D time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) sequences in the visualization and evaluation of the intracranial venous system. A prospective study was carried out on 41 patients referred to our Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) unit ...

Cortical dysplasia is a neuronal migration disorder occasionally associated with anomalous draining veins. However, to our knowledge, no intracranial haemorrhage in conjunction with this association has been reported in the literature. We herein report a 7-month-old baby girl with cortical dysplasia associated with an ipsilateral cortical draining vein and complicated ...

Early and accurate diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is possible with the help of computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Empty delta sign on postcontrast CT is present in only up to 30% of the cases. The role of CT venography is not yet established, but ...

The great variability of clinical appearance is one of the main features of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. However, hydrocephalus associated with cerebral sinus thrombosis is rare. We report on a patient presented with thunderclap headache, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness. Lumbar puncture ruled out subarachnoid hemorrhage, whereas CT revealed ...

The authors report a 39-year-old woman who presented with intermittent, excruciating nuchal and occipital headache. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography scans showed bilateral subdural haematomas with veno-occlusive disease of the superficial and deep venous systems. There were bridging collaterals with scalp veins, bleeds from which could explain the ...

OBJECTIVE: Plaque rupture leading to thrombosis and occlusion is a major source of acute coronary syndromes. Methods for accurate detection of thrombosis in veins or arteries may expand our capacity to predict clinical complications and guide therapeutic decisions. We sought to demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo acute thrombus detection ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although rare, cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is being diagnosed more frequently owing to improved imaging techniques. The venous infarcts caused by CVT in 50% of patients are largely reversible and differ from arterial stroke. Our purpose was to study the time-dependent changes of venous infarcts on MR ...

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous trans-splenic portal scintigraphy (TSPS) using 99mTcO4(-) has been used to image the portal venous system in normal dogs. Compared with per-rectal portal scintigraphy, it provides higher count density, consistent nuclear venograms of the splenic and portal vein, and significantly decreased radiation exposures. This paper describes the use of ...

An 18-year-old woman without previously documented medical history delivered a healthy 32-week-old preterm infant. Severe bleeding occurred during week 1 postpartum secondary to ruptured vaginal condylomas. The consequent anemia was accompanied by complaints of exercise intolerance that resolved with blood transfusion. Six weeks later, the patient was brought to the ...

This article presents a 9-year-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia who developed ocular complications after beginning treatment with L-asparaginase. Ocular motor examination revealed esotropia with a right abduction deficit, consistent with a sixth nerve palsy, and funduscopy revealed bilateral optic disc edema. Thrombosis of the right sigmoid sinus was noted ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the diagnosis of septic thrombosis of transverse and sigmoid sinuses to analyze the different steps of the diagnosis and to identify the origin of the difficulties in diagnosis. This retrospective study included eight patients ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of a newly developed imaging technique, fusion 3-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) in the diagnosis of portal vein (PV) invasion in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS: Fourteen patients with proven PC were examined by fusion 3DUS presented as shaded volume-rendering ...

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon but serious type of stroke. Thrombosis may involve the cortical or deep veins or the venous sinuses. The presenting clinical features are non-specific. We report a 48-year-old man with CVT who presented with fever, bitemporal throbbing headache, and generalised convulsion. Computed tomography (CT) ...

An intravital microscopy imaging method was developed to visualize active cerebral thrombus and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption using Near Infrared Fluorescent (NIRF) probes. A circular craniotomy was made in CD-1 mice. Thrombi were formed by applying 10%-FeCl3 to the entire exposed superior sagittal sinus (SSS, 5 mm), or to the ...

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is the most common anomaly to affect the vena cava. Variations in the IVC are diagnosed in routine dissection studies, in retroperitoneal surgeries, or in computerised tomography (CT) sections ordered for various reasons. In this paper we present two cases of a double ...

A relation exists between high altitude exposure and a hypercoagulable state, the nature of which is not entirely clear. This has been mostly reported in mountain climbers. We report a 19-yr-old female, working as a high-altitude chamber instructor, who presented with severe frontal headaches which persisted for a month following ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the concordance between second-order portal venous and biliary tract anatomies using MDCT angiography and MDCT cholangiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified 56 living related potential liver donors who underwent both MDCT angiography and MDCT cholangiography. Two reviewers independently rated axial images and 3D reconstructions ...

We experienced a girl with congenital absence of the portal vein. She was examined by computed tomography (CT), three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3DCTA), digital subtraction angiography and liver biopsy. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver was detected, presumably due to an abnormal hepatocellular response to absent portal flow. 3DCTA showed ...

Duplication of the inferior vena cava IVC is the most common anomaly affecting the vena cava. Variations of the IVC are diagnosed in routine dissection studies, in retroperitoneal surgeries, or in radiological studies for various reasons. In this paper, we present a case of double IVC with its magnetic resonance ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this series is to describe sonographic findings in 3 patients with plantar vein thrombosis. METHODS: Three patients had sudden pain and swelling at the plantar side of the affected foot. Sonography of the plantar foot was performed with a broadband linear array working at 5 to ...

This report describes a male neonate with unusual neuroradiologic findings at birth. The patient's subsequent clinical course and the evolution of his findings on serial magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venograms are consistent with a developmental venous anomaly. The case underscores the association of developmental venous anomalies with neuromigrational ...

The pathophysiology of PTS including idiopathic intracranial hypertension or 'BIH', remains controversial. The older literature frequently referred to pathology in the cerebral venous drainage but more modern imaging techniques (CT and early MR) failed to reveal gross venous pathology. The role of impaired cranial venous outflow has recently been re-examined ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little is known about age-related changes in posterior fossa venous anatomy on 2D time-of-flight MR venography (MRV) or about artifacts that limit its accuracy in diagnosing venous occlusive disease. We evaluated pediatric appearances of posterior fossa venous drainage. METHODS: One hundred and eight children with normal MR ...

We report a case of septic right superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis complicated by left sphenoid sinusitis with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Early recognition by clinical symptoms, and computed tonography (CT) and magnetic resolution image (MRI) of the head and sinus is needed for prompt surgical drainage of the sinus and ...

Venous thromboembolic disease has an estimated annual incidence of one in 1000 people. However, thrombosis of the superior mediastinum and neck veins is less frequent and it is usually due to direct trauma to the neck by intravenous catheters, drug abusers or neck dissection surgery. Local or distant malignancy (Trousseau's ...

The purpose of this study was to present the morphometry and pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus in detail for the neurosurgeon for transnasal approach to the hypophyseal tumors and especially for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. One hundred and eighty midsagittal magnetic resonance images, 48 bones and 29 hemi-sectioned cadaveric heads ...

A 26-year-old right handed female was admitted to hospital with right homonymous hemianopia associated with alexia without agraphia. Her cranial magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography revealed a left occipital venous infarction due to thrombosis of the left transverse, sigmoid sinuses and the left internal jugulary vein. The underlying ...

Lobular capillary hemangioma is a vascular neoplasm that commonly occurs as a cutaneous tumor. When it involves the skin and mucosal surfaces, ulceration and suppuration may occur, hence the classic term of pyogenic granuloma. Intravenous pyogenic granuloma is a rare solitary form of lobular capillary hemangioma that usually occurs in ...

A 45-day-old boy presented with drowsiness, pallor, and respiratory failure of about 24 hours' duration. Initially, the family gave no history of trauma, but after the laboratory investigations, they admitted that he had fallen off a hammock. On the plain films and cranial computed tomography (CT), no fracture of the ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We occasionally encounter phenomena in which venous flow signals of the cavernous sinus (CS) and/or inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) are visualized paradoxically in patients without arteriovenous shunt in 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA) of the brain. The aims of this study are to examine the ...

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a congenital disorder characterized by a vascular birthmark and neurological abnormalities. Typical imaging findings using MRI or CT are superficial cerebral calcification, atrophy and leptomeningeal enhancement. We present a neonate diagnosed with SWS because of a port-wine stain. In the absence of neurological symptoms the first ...

In the past, cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) was considered a rare, devastating disease. The widespread use of angiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) over the years has made early diagnosis of CVT possible and has completely changed the perception of this condition. CVT is much more ...

We present a pregnancy complicated by multicystic dilatation of the uterine wall during the second trimester, leading to massive uterine distension, anemia and preterm Cesarean section. The cystic changes detected by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging involved the whole uterine wall surrounding the entire amniotic cavity. Histopathological examination revealed the ...

Thrombosis of the deep venous system presenting with bilateral thalamic infarction or edema is a common finding, but unilateral venous thrombosis presenting with unilateral thalamic edema is extremely rare. We report a case of a patient with this unusual condition presenting with nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms. CT and MR ...

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a very rare vascular complication of Behçet's disease (BD) which often leads to death as a result of portal hypertension and liver failure. We report a 45-year-old BD patient who presented with BCS. Diagnosis was confirmed with CT scan and contrast-enhanced MR angiography which showed ascites, ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The lateral tentorial sinus (LTS) has not been well described in the imaging literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of MR imaging in assessing the LTS, which may provide guidance for preoperative planning. METHODS: Fifty-five adult patients underwent MR imaging of the ...