PURPOSE: To assess the radiation exposure to nuclear medicine staff at a positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) centre with high patient throughput. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 70 adult patients who underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT for their clinical indications. The patients' actual injected FDG activity was calculated by ...

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of intravenous-injected iodinated contrast medium (CM) on intrarenal water diffusion using noninvasive diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten New Zealand White rabbits were randomized to receive a 6 mL/kg body weight intravenous injection of clinically used iopamidol-370 (n = 7) or an equivalent amount ...

Object For nearly 100 years it has been believed that the main reabsorption of CSF occurs in arachnoid projections into the superior sagittal sinus, but a significant number of experiments and cases conflict with this hypothesis. According to recently published studies, CSF is permanently produced and absorbed in the whole ...

OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess two techniques, radiocolloid SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphy and interstitial MR lymphography using SPIO and gadoxetate disodium, in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used twenty one 8-week-old male nude mice of strain BALB/c Slc-nu/nu, weighing 23-27 g. The 4.7-T MRI equipment was used to detect the SNs. T2*WI of ...

BACKGROUND: Thinner and shorter needles for subcutaneous administration are continuously developed. Previous studies have shown that a thinner needle causes fewer occurrences of painful needle insertions and that a shorter needle decreases the occurrence of painful intramuscular injections. However, little is known about local drug delivery in relation to needle ...

In this paper, an automated method to localise the right superficial femoral artery (SFA) and identify its boundary on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences without contrast medium injection is proposed. Some anatomical knowledge combined with the mathematical morphology is used to distinguish SFA from other vessels. Afterwards, the directional gradient, ...

Yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization has emerged as a new method for treatment of unresectable hepatic tumors. We present interesting imaging findings of extrahepatic Y-90 activity in the duodenum on Y-90 PET/CT and Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT, after injection of radiomicrospheres into the right hepatic artery. This is the first reported case of nontargeted ...

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the cytotoxicity and magnetic resonance (MR) contrast in diverse cultured cells and xenograft tumors models of two ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs), thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (TCL-SPION) and monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MION-47).Materials and methods: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Image-guided cervical transforaminal epidural injections play an important role in the management of cervical radicular pain syndromes. The safety and efficacy of these injections via an anterolateral approach has been well-studied. The goal of this retrospective review was to determine the safety and efficacy of CT-guided transforaminal epidural ...

Aim: To monitor cells in vivo or to detect the sentinel lymph node, we developed a PET/MRI silica nanoprobe with an enhanced near-infrared fluorescence signal. Methods: We developed enhanced near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) magnetic silica nanoparticles, MNP-SiO(2)(NIR797), that encapsulate NIRF dye in the silica. We applied this probe to visualizing cells ...

Affibody molecules are small (7 kDa) proteins with subnanomolar targeting affinity. Previous SPECT studies in xenografts have shown that the Affibody molecule (111)In-DOTA-Z(HER2)(:2395) can discriminate between high and low human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-expressing tumors, indicating that radiolabeled Affibody molecules have potential for patient selection for HER2-targeted ...

PURPOSE: We examined whether the 80-kVp CT images scanned at 100 s after contrast material injection using a dual-source scanner could be substituted for the conventional 120-kVp images obtained at an earlier timing of 30 s. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with suspected lung cancer were examined with a 120-kVp mode at ...

We report a case of Münchhausen syndrome diagnosed by FDG PET/CT. A 39-year-old woman presented with high fever, myalgias, and severe illness. On physical examination she was noted to have multiple subcutaneous abscesses. F-18 FDG PET/CT demonstrated multiple subcutaneous and intramuscular areas of increased tracer uptake, consistent with abscesses. Additionally, ...

Adult Clonorchis sinensis live in the bile duct and cause clonorchiasis. It is known that the C. sinensis metacercariae excyst in the duodenum and migrate up to the bile duct through the common bile duct. However, no direct evidence is available on the in vivo migration of newly excysted C. ...

Percutaneous injection of embolization material within head and neck tumors is being described as an alternative or adjunct to transarterial embolization. Access in these reports is by computed tomography (CT) guidance, which is cumbersome given the need to transport the patient from the CT scanner to angiography suite. We describe ...

There is a growing interest in the application of ultrasound (US) guidance for diagnostic and therapeutic joint injections. US provides direct visualization of soft tissues and the outer borders of bony structures. With real-time needle guidance the success rate of intra-articular injections improves and iatrogenic damage to anatomic structures can ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We describe our optimized protocol for computed tomographic enteroclysis using air as the contrast material and report an early assessment of its clinical performance. METHODS: Thirty-one examinations of computed tomographic enteroclysis with air were performed in 30 patients in our hospital from September 2008 to September 2010. ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The performance of two PET examinations, one using L-[methyl-C] methionine (MET) and one using 2-[F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), on the same day may offer a clinical advantage for the investigation of brain tumors or other lesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positron ...

A 23-year-old man presented with chest pain after intravenous (IV) injection of isoparaffin (C12?C13, 99%). This report describes the chest computed tomography (CT) pattern of chemical pneumonitis after IV isoparaffin injection. When injected IV, hydrocarbon can cause chemical pneumonitis, mimicking pulmonary infarction on chest CT. The CT pattern is attributable ...

PURPOSE: We evaluate a new quantitative method of acquiring and analysing (18)F positron emission tomography (PET) studies that enables regional bone plasma clearance (K ( i )) to be estimated from static scans acquired at multiple sites in the skeleton following a single injection of tracer. METHODS: Dynamic lumbar spine ...

To retrospectively assess the value of spectral presaturation by inversion-recovery (SPIR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequence after gadolinium injection to differentiate fibrotic scar tissue and tumoral infiltration within the mesorectal fat in patients with rectal carcinoma undergoing MR restaging after neoadjuvant chemo- and radiation therapy (CRT). Forty-three consecutive patients (mean ...

A 45-year-old man who had refractory right chylothorax after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, underwent lymphoscintigraphy with Tc-99m human serum albumin. Focal abnormal uptake was seen in the mid-abdomen on planar image 30 minutes after the tracer injection. SPECT/CT delineated the extent of the accumulation between the anastomotic site and the ...

Lower F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on PET/CT is generally expected on the side of a paralyzed vocal cord (VC). The contrary pattern of increased uptake can raise concern for metastasis or a primary VC malignancy. We present a case showing paradoxical development of intense FDG uptake in the paralyzed VC, ...

PURPOSE: To compare conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques (T2-w and Gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced T1-w images) and Gadofluorine-M (GfM), a novel contrast agent in MRI, in murine gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Growth monitoring of murine gliomas (induced in mice) was performed on a 2.3 Tesla Bruker Biospec MRI unit. First all animals ...

A 12 yr old castrated male Yorkshire terrier was presented with a history of an inoperable pheochromocytoma. Physical examination revealed a large, midabdominal mass. Neurologic examination was normal at presentation. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a 215 cm(3) mass in the region of the right kidney. Forty-eight hours after ...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate therapeutic outcomes of radiofrequency (RF) ablation following intra-arterial iodized-oil injection for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) invisible on ultrasonographic (US) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Informed consent was waived for this retrospective study approved by our institutional review board. Sixty-seven consecutive patients with 150 HCCs (mean diameter 1.3 ± 0.6 cm; ...

The control of dendritic cell (DC) migration into lymph nodes (LNs) is important for the development of more effective DC-based immunotherapies. This study was undertaken to evaluate, dynamically and noninvasively, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-enhanced migration of DCs using a 1.5 T clinical MR scanner. DC2.4 cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the two different ultrasound-guided injection techniques for MR arthrography of the hip. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-nine consecutive patients (21 men, 38 women) referred for MR arthrographies of the hip were prospectively included in the study. Three patients underwent bilateral MR ...

PURPOSE: To describe the imaging features of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (Gd-EOB-MRI) in comparison with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed imaging findings of 19 pathologically proven early HCC lesions in 15 patients who underwent both MDCT and Gd-EOB-MRI at 3.0 Tesla ...

Quantitative small-animal PET of mice requires successful delivery of radiotracers into the venous system. Intravenous injection of radiotracers via lateral tail veins is the most commonly used method of administration and can be technically challenging. Evaluation of the quality of an intravenous injection is necessary to determine whether small-animal PET ...

PURPOSE: To investigate how to label macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and trace SPIO with MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Atherosclerotic lesions of a rabbit model were induced by a combination of high-fat and high-cholesterol diet and subsequent endothelial abrasion of the abdominal aorta. SPIO ...

OBJECTIVEWe studied whether manganese-enhanced high field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MEHFMRI) could quantitatively detect individual islets in situ and in vivo and evaluate changes in a model of experimental diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWhole pancreas from untreated (n = 3), MnCl(2) and glucose-injected mice (n = 6), and mice injected with ...

With 6 figures SUMMARY: The pudu (Pudu puda), which is the smallest deer in the world and inhabits central and southern Chile and Argentina, is a ruminant and a browsing herbivore. The aim of this study was to provide a reference for interpretation of the normal anatomy of the pudu's ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:CT guidance may improve precision for diagnostic and therapeutic spinal injections, but it can increase patient radiation dose. This study examined the impact of reducing tube current on patient radiation exposure and the technical success for these procedures, by using axial acquisitions for short scan lengths and eliminating ...

We report a very rare case of a plunging ranula extending into the parapharyngeal space, which was treated successfully with OK-432. A 27-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of right submandibular swelling. Based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings, we established a diagnosis of plunging ranula intruding ...

ABSTRACT: Study Design. Preclinical feasibility studyObjective. Evaluation and validation of ultrasound-guided lumbar transforaminal injectionsSummary of Background Data. Lumbar transforaminal injections are commonly performed in the interventional management of spinal radicular pain. Typically these injections are performed under radiological guidance, most commonly utilizing fluoroscopy or computed tomography. Although radiological guidance provides ...

The main clinically recognized application of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) with microbubble contrast agents is the characterization of incidental focal liver lesions. CEUS with low transmit power insonation allows the real-time assessment of contrast enhancement in a focal liver lesion after microbubble contrast agent injection, during the arterial (10-25 s), portal venous ...

Hemangiomas (proliferating endothelial tumors) are the most common benign tumors of infancy. Most often hemangiomas are self-regressing lesions without any treatment. Approximately 10% of hemangiomas cause complications such as major ulceration/destruction, distortion of involved tissues, and obstruction of a vital structure. When the situation becomes complicated, there are different treatment ...

Objective-To obtain quantitative variables of the abdominal aorta and both kidneys on the basis of time-attenuation curves (TACs) and to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for each kidney and the global GFR in clinically normal cats by use of dynamic computed tomography (CT) and Patlak analysis. Animals-9 healthy cats. Procedures-All ...

A 40 year-old woman with subacute headache and visual impairment was admitted. Neurological examination revealed meningismus, diminished visual acuity, bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy, and papillary edema. Dermatologic examination was normal. The brain CT scan showed hydrocephalus and hyperdense edging around fissures and sulci. The CSF study showed an increased ...

This work investigated whether (18)F-FDG PET standardized uptake value (SUV) is stable over time in the normal human liver. METHODS: The SUV-versus-time curve, SUV(t), of (18)F-FDG in the normal human liver was derived from a kinetic model analysis. This derivation involved mean values of (18)F-FDG liver metabolism that were obtained ...

Unintentional intraarterial injection of radiotracers may cause artifacts leading to difficulties in accurately interpreting PET/CT images. We report a case of a 73-y-old man with a history of metastatic colon cancer who underwent a PET/CT scan for restaging. In the PET scan, there was intense and diffuse distribution of (18)F-FDG ...

Lymphocytic hypophysitis has a variable clinical course, where a swelling of the pituitary gland at presentation is thought to be followed by pituitary atrophy and empty sella. Data in patients, however, are scanty and contradictory. To better define the course of hypophysitis, we used an experimental model based on the ...

Our goal was to investigate the effect of contrast medium injection duration on pulmonary artery peak enhancement and time to peak enhancement. Fourteen dogs were allocated into one of seven predefined weight categories, each category contained two dogs. Dogs in each weight category were assigned to group A or B. ...

Abstract Background. (18)FDG-PET/CT imaging is well established for diagnosis and staging of lung tumors. However, more detailed information regarding the distribution of FDG within the tumor, also as a function of time after injection may be relevant. In this study we explore the feasibility of a combined dynamic and respiratory ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for quantitative evaluation of pulmonary perfusion and has shown high clinical usefulness for the evaluation and differentiation of different lung pathologies. The reproducibility of quantitative analysis of whole-lung perfusion has not been investigated previously. Our aim was to assess the intraobserver and interobserver repeatability and ...

Many clinically relevant congenital malformations arise during mid to late embryonic stages. This period is challenging to image quantitatively in live embryos, necessitating the use of multiple specimens with increased experimental variability. Here we establish X-ray and blood-pool computed tomography (CT) contrast agent toxicity and teratogenesis thresholds for 3D Micro-CT ...

The aim was to use repeat delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) to estimate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in reparative cartilage after osteochondral autogenous transfer (OAT). The study group comprised 7 knees of 7 patients that were examined three times by dGEMRIC, at 3, 6, and 12 months using ...

OBJECTIVE: A time normalisation method of tumour SUVs in (18) F-FDG PET imaging is proposed that has been verified in lung cancer patients. METHODS: A two-compartment model analysis showed that, when SUV is not corrected for (18) F physical decay (SUV(uncorr)), its value is within 5% of its peak value (t = 79 min) between ...

BACKGROUND: Patients often localize pain in the anterior shoulder; however, this patient-localized pain does not necessarily correlate to the location of disease. Unguided shoulder injections are common in clinical practice. The accuracy of unguided biceps tendon sheath injections has not been studied. Patient management may be aided by the knowledge ...