OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study is to prospectively compare the capability of dynamic oxygen-enhanced MRI and quantitative CT for pulmonary functional loss assessment and clinical stage classification of smoking-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ten nonsmoking and 61 consecutive smoking-related COPD subjects underwent dynamic oxygen-enhanced ...

The assessment of regional lung function to predict postoperative function is integral to preoperative evaluation of pulmonary resection candidates who have impaired lung function. The four validated ways are: anatomic calculation, split radionucleotide perfusion scanning with single photon emission CT (SPECT), quantitative CT scanning, and dynamic perfusion MRI. Estimations of ...

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate quantitative computed tomographic (CT) indexes, pulmonary function test results, and visual CT scoring as predictors of mortality and to describe serial changes in quantitative CT indexes over 12 months in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and informed consent ...

The ability to visualize molecular processes and cellular regulators of complex pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), would aid in the diagnosis, differentiation, therapy assessment and in small animal-based drug-discovery processes. Herein we report the application of normalized transillumination and ...

PURPOSE: To examine the imaging features of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) overlooked at digital chest radiography (dCXR), and compare general and thoracic radiologists' performance for lung carcinoma detection at dCXR. METHODS: Frontal and lateral dCXR from 30 consecutive patients with lung carcinoma overlooked during initial interpretation and 30 normal ...

Scimitar syndrome with bilateral abnormal venous drainage and horseshoe lung is extremely rare. These rare complex anomalies were diagnosed in a 5-year-old boy by 64-slice multidetector CT (MDCT). This technique provides high-quality visualization of vascular, bronchial and parenchymal structures in a single session, such that no further invasive techniques are ...

Abstract COPD is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It is a preventable and treatable disease. Smoking is the most commonly encountered risk factor for COPD and the habit now unfortunately starts at earlier ages than before. There is a strong necessity to diagnose COPD ...

OBJECTIVE: Staging of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) following lung transplantation is based on declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)). The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of (133)Xe ventilation scintigraphy in the early detection of BOS following living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT), to compare ...

We propose to measure quantitatively the opacity property of each pixel in a ground-glass opacity tumor from CT images. Our method results in an opacity map in which each pixel takes opacity value of [0-1]. Given a CT image, our method accomplishes the estimation by constructing a graph Laplacian matrix ...

Emphysema is a common chronic respiratory disorder characterized by the destruction of lung tissue. It is a progressive disease where the early stages are characterized by diffuse appearance of small air spaces and later stages exhibit large air spaces called bullae. A bullous region is a sharply demarcated region of ...

Small animal magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) has evolved significantly from testing the boundaries of imaging physics to its expanding use today as a tool in noninvasive biomedical investigations. MRM now increasingly provides functional information about living animals, with images of the beating heart, breathing lung, and functioning brain. Unlike clinical ...

This communication describes a fully automated method by which the position of the diaphragm surface can be estimated by deforming a thin-plate model to match the bottom surface of the lung in CT images. This method was applied to 338 X-ray CT scans, and its validity was proved by the ...

A 57-year old man with desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) showed a marked increase in eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The patient was referred to our hospital for abnormal shadows on his chest X-ray with no symptoms in May 2007. Computed tomography (CT) showed patchy, peripheral predominate ground-glass opacity. ...

This study presents an image analysis algorithm for quantifying the volume fraction of pathology in serial histology of the rat lung. The right lung of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=4) was contused using a controlled insult applied via an instrumented, electronic piston. The right (struck) and left lungs were excised at ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to measure the longitudinal (T1) relaxation time of human lung parenchyma at 3.0 Tesla (T), independent of large vessel signal, and to examine T1 as a function of position in gravitational, isogravitational, and radial planes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen subjects were imaged. A ...

Chest wall invasion by a tumour and mediastinal masses are known to benefit from the superior soft tissue contrast of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, helical computed tomography (CT) (i.e. with multiple row detector systems) remains the modality of choice to detect and follow lesions of the lung parenchyma. Since ...

We performed successful surgery for lung cancer after confirming the anatomical abnormality of a tracheal bronchus by three-dimensional multidetector-row computed tomography (3D-MDCT) bronchography and angiography. Tracheal bronchus is unusual, and right upper lobectomy for lung cancer would rarely be performed in a patient with a tracheal bronchus. Most clinicians are ...

PURPOSE: To present a single-shot perfusion imaging sequence that does not require contrast agents or a subtraction of a tag and a control image to create the perfusion-weighted contrast. The proposed method is based on SEEPAGE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments with healthy volunteers were performed to qualitatively and quantitatively obtain ...

A 74-year-old woman was experiencing rheumatoid arthritis complicated with interstitial pneumonitis (IP), and tacrolimus treatment was started. She presented with dyspnea. Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) showed ground-glass opacity and IP. Although tacrolimus was stopped, she died of respiratory failure. At autopsy, both the upper and lower lung fields ...

We present a new image registration based method for monitoring regional disease progression in longitudinal image studies of lung disease. A free-form image registration technique is used to match a baseline 3D CT lung scan onto a following scan. Areas with lower intensity in the following scan compared with intensities ...

In conformal radiotherapy planning for lung cancer, respiratory movements are not taken into account when a single computed tomography (CT) scan is performed. This study examines tumor movements to design individualized margins to account for these movements and evaluates their dosimetric impacts on planning volume. Fifteen patients undergoing CT-based planning ...

Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) acquisition during a single breath hold using thin collimation provides high resolution volumetric data set permitting multiplanar and three dimensional reconstruction of the proximal airways. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, this technique provides an accurate assessment of bronchial wall thickening, tracheobronchial deformation, outpouchings reflecting ...

BACKGROUND: Computer tomography (CT) densitometry is a potential tool for detecting the progression of emphysema but the optimum methodology is uncertain. The level of inspiration affects reproducibility but the ability to adjust for this variable is facilitated by whole lung scanning methods. However, emphysema is frequently localised to sub-regions of ...

The (17)O nucleus has been used recently by several groups for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of cerebral metabolism. Inhalational delivery of (17)O(2) in very brief pulses could, in theory, have significant advantages for determination of the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO(2)) with MR imaging. Mechanical ventilators, however, are not ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prone positioning on pulmonary perfusion using flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR), a noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging technique that requires no contrast medium. Seven healthy volunteers were studied in the supine and prone positions under three respiratory conditions: normal breathing ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic importance of thin-section (TS) CT scan findings in small-sized lung adenocarcinomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed TS-CT scan findings and pathologic specimens from 359 consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection for peripheral lung adenocarcinomas <or= 20 mm in diameter ...

The first step in lung analysis by CT is the identification of the lung border. To deal with the increased number of sections per scan in thin-slice multidetector CT, it has been crucial to develop accurate and automated lung segmentation algorithms. In this study, an automated method for lung segmentation ...

OBJECTIVE: To predict the grade of invasion in small (</=3 cm in diameter) lung adenocarcinomas from preoperative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), we measured CT numbers of the solid part and compared these with pathological features. METHODS: We reviewed 131 cases of lung adenocarcinoma (</=3 cm in diameter) surgically resected between ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of ventilatory impairment on MR signal intensity of the lung parenchyma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were five normal volunteers (age = 30 +/- 7.9 years, mean +/- SD) and 19 male patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) (mean age = 70.4 +/- 6.5 years). ...

Lung cancer treatment presents a greater treatment planning and treatment delivery challenge in proton beam therapy compared to conventional photon therapy due to the proton beam's energy deposition sensitivity to the breathing-induced dynamic tissue density variations along the beam path. Four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) has been defined as the explicit ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the decreasing of cardiac motion artifact and whether the extent of ground-glass attenuation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was accurately assessed by electrocardiography (ECG)-triggered high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) by 0.5-s/rotation multidetector-row CT (MDCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: ECG-triggered HRCT were scanned at ...

To analyze lung vessel motion automatically, we developed computerized tracking software for multi-slice CT (MSCT) data. Here, we evaluated the tracking accuracy in images of healthy porcine lungs obtained by 256 multi-slice CT (256-MSCT). A domestic pig was scanned with 256-MSCT under free breathing conditions. The 256-MSCT provides 128-mm scan ...

PURPOSE: To investigate how the delineations of the internal target volume (ITV) made from 'slow' CT alter with reference to 'thin-slice' CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thin-slice CT images taken under breath-holding conditions and slow CT images taken under shallow-breathing conditions (8s/image) of 11 lung cancers were used for this study. ...

In the study of asthma, a vital role is played by mouse models, because knockout or transgenic methods can be used to alter disease pathways and identify therapeutic targets that affect lung function. Assessment of lung function in rodents by available methods is insensitive because these techniques lack regional specificity. ...

OBJECTIVE: To optimize methods for the use of computed tomography (CT) to assess pathologic changes in the lungs of calves and to determine the effect of treatment on lung consolidation. ANIMALS: 10 male Holstein calves. PROCEDURES: Calves were anesthetized to facilitate CT imaging of the thorax. After initial images were ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish an animal experimental model of pulmonary stereotactic irradiation and clarify the morphological patterns of pulmonary radiation injury with computed tomography and the histopathological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tiny spherical regions in the lungs of seven anesthetized rabbits were irradiated stereotactically with ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the error in four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) maximal intensity projection (MIP)-based lung tumor internal target volume determination using a simulation method based on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight healthy volunteers and six lung tumor patients underwent a 5-min MRI scan in the sagittal ...

Since our initial development of the 256-detector row CT scanner (256-row CT) for four-dimensional (4D) imaging of moving organs in 2003, the results of physical performance and those in animal and human studies have suggested that this scanner may be useful in the examination of moving organs such as the ...

OBJECTIVES: To prospectively examine the relationship between contralateral lung area measured by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound examination and contralateral and total fetal lung volume (FLV) estimated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS: Sixty-six fetuses with isolated CDH were entered in this ...

BACKGROUND: Bronchodilator responses are a hallmark of asthma and a subset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated subjects with COPD and computed tomographic (CT) scan evidence of emphysema to determine the biomarker profile associated with a bronchodilator response. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether subjects with COPD and a bronchodilator ...

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the effect of cooking temperature (CT: 65-75°C) and the incorporation of whey protein concentrate (WPC: 0-3.5%) and sodium chloride (NaCl: 0-2.5%) on technological, physical and sensory characteristics of cooked whole-muscle beef. Post-injection weight loss diminished when NaCl concentration increased. Moreover, the increment of ...

GOALS OF WORK: Immunocompromised patients with malignant diseases often suffer from pulmonary infections. Early detection of these life-threatening infections is crucial to start effective treatment. The gold standard for the diagnosis of these disorders is high-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT) of the chest. This method, however, has limitations, for instance, in ...

PURPOSE: To analyse the image quality of retrospectively gated helical CT using controlled respiratory motion of porcine lung explants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five porcine lungs were examined inside a chest phantom. A silicone membrane was rhythmically inflated and deflated to simulate diaphragmatic respiration. Dynamic images (regular respiration at 8/min) and ...

Current techniques to evaluate the efficacy of potential treatments for airways diseases in preclinical models are generally invasive and terminal. In the past few years, the flexibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain anatomical and functional information of the lung has been explored with the scope of developing a ...

BACKGROUND: Recently, the demand for intraoperative pathology consultation for small pulmonary nodules including ground-glass opacity (GGO) has been increasing. Evaluation of minute precancerous lesions of the lung by frozen section is very difficult for the pathologist as uninflated lung tissue usually shows severe atelectasis and frozen artifact. We tried to ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung and correlate them with the histopathological features. METHODS: The study included five patients with pathologically proven mucoepidermoid carcinoma who underwent HRCT before treatment. The HRCT findings were then compared ...

The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of helical computed tomography (CT) for visualizing pulmonary parenchyma and associated formations in normal dogs. CT scan was performed by using intravenous contrast medium and by applying different types of CT windows: soft tissue and lung windows, and high-resolution computed ...

PURPOSE: To apply proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess noninvasively and in spontaneously breathing rats, structural changes following a single intratracheal administration of bleomycin (BLM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were scanned by MRI prior to BLM or vehicle administration and at six hours, 24 hours, week 1, and ...

A 65-year-old man with known ischemic heart disease and previous coronary artery bypass grafts was admitted having been found collapsed in the street. He was a smoker with a history of alcohol abuse. On clinical examination he was unkempt, febrile, hemodynamically stable, and had no systemic deficits. The O2 saturation ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD is defined by irreversible airflow obstruction. It is a heterogeneous disease affecting the airways (i.e. chronic bronchitis, airway collapse), the parenchyma (i.e. hyperinflation, air trapping and emphysematous destruction) as well as the vasculature ...