Posterior epidural disc migration is a rare event. Many differential diagnoses are possible in the posterior epidural space other than disc disease. This is a case report of L3-L4 posterior epidural disc herniation that was misdiagnosed as a tumor depending on the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging study with a peripheral ...

Recurrence of tears is a common complication after rotator cuff surgery. Retearing seems to occur early after surgery and may be attributed to too early or too vigorous exercises. We found no experimental data correlating the strength of the rotator cuff early after surgery and imaging. Our objectives were to ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of CT arthrography and sonography in the diagnosis of anterolateral ankle impingement. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients with clinically suspected anterolateral ankle impingement prospectively underwent ankle sonography and CT arthrography, immediately followed by an additional ankle sonography examination ...

Our aim was to analyse whether MRI is useful in the follow-up of reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb, to describe normal postoperative findings, and to evaluate different MR sequences. Our study material consists of 10 patients who, because of a chronic ...

The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body; it plays an important role in the biomechanics of the lower extremity. It can withstand great forces, especially during sporting exercises and pivoting. The pathologies related to the Achilles tendon are diverse and many carry undesirable consequences. We retrospectively analyzed ...

Elbow pain is frequently encountered in clinical practice and can result in significant morbidity, particularly in athletes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent diagnostic imaging tool for the evaluation of soft tissue and osteochondral pathology around the elbow. Recent advances in magnetic field strength and coil design have lead ...

Tendon injuries are common in athletic humans and horses. Ultrasonography is the diagnostic method of choice in horses with tendon injuries but there is increasing application of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to monitor and follow-up tendon healing. A core lesion was created in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of ...

To evaluate the anomalous insertion of the pectoralis minor tendon with absence of the coracohumeral ligament on MR arthrography and to demonstrate the associated findings seen with this anatomical variation. We retrospectively reviewed the 335 MR arthrograms of the shoulder joint (mean age 37.8 years) performed from March 2000 to ...

Pediatric pes planovalgus deformity may be classified as flexible or rigid. The rigid pes planovalgus is often a result of a tarsal coalition, which is typically characterized as a painful unilateral or bilateral deformity, frequently associated with peroneal spasm. However, many tarsal coalitions are asymptomatic and demonstrate no peroneal spasm ...

Kirner deformity is characterized by volar and radial incurvature of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger. A proposed causative mechanism includes abnormal distal insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon along the volar surface of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger. A chronic inflammatory process or altered vascularisation ...

PURPOSE: This study assessed the usefulness of upright weight-bearing examination of the ankle/hind foot performed with a dedicated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging scanner in the evaluation of the plantar fascia in healthy volunteers and in patients with clinical evidence of plantar fasciitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January and March 2009, ...

Giant cell tumours of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) are part of a spectrum of benign proliferative lesions of synovial origin that may affect the joints, bursae and tendon sheaths. This review article describes the clinicopathological features and imaging findings in patients with GCTTS. GCTTS usually ...

Ultrasonography can visualize calcific deposits within soft tissues. The appearance and location of the deposits distinguishes articular chondrocalcinosis from other crystal deposition diseases. The most common findings are hyperechoic dots or lines running parallel to the joint surface, hyperechoic images within fibrous cartilage (menisci and triangular fibrocartilage complex), and deposits ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to describe and define an anatomic variation located close to the bicipital groove using MRI with gross anatomic and histologic correlation in cadavers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten fresh male human shoulders were harvested and used in this investigation. They were derived from persons ...

Epicondylitis commonly affects the elbow medially or laterally, typically in the 4th or 5th decade of life and without predilection with regard to sex. Epicondylitis is an inflammatory process that may be more accurately described as tendinosis. In the lateral epicondylar region, this process affects the common extensor tendon; in ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the differences in hearing results and complications between the conventional technique (CT) and potassium titanyl phosphate laser (KTP) laser-assisted stapes surgery that does not involve the manipulation of the foot plate. METHODS: Ninety-eight ears with conductive or mixed hearing loss ...

Research report. To evaluate the anatomical characteristics of the ankle retinacula and their relationship with the fasciae and muscles in healthy subjects and in patients with ankle sprain outcomes. The role of the retinacula in proprioception has begun to emerge, but without clear anatomical bases or descriptions of their possible ...

Sonography is commonly used for diagnosis of desmopathy of the proximal part of the suspensory ligament in horses. However, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been stated to be superior for detecting disease and localizing lesions. In this retrospective study of 39 horses or 46 hind limbs with lameness due to ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the morphometry of patellar tendon with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to reveal the relation between patellar tendon properties and anterior knee pain (AnKP). METHODS: Twenty-three patients with AnKP and nine healthy individuals were included in the study. Patients with knee anomaly that may cause AnKP were ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the area of the talus that can be reached through combined anterior and posterior arthrotomy without medial malleolar osteotomy. Five fresh-frozen cadaver foot-ankle specimens were examined using posteromedial approach and anteromedial approach. We calculated the size of the marked area beginning from ...

The diagnosis of posterior hindfoot pain may prove to be elusive as there are many potential causes of hindfoot pain, including both soft tissue and osseous abnormalities. This is a case presentation of os trigonum syndrome, with the diagnosis suggested by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), confirmed by ultrasound, and treated ...

PURPOSE: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the elbow is often obtained to confirm the clinical suspicion of a distal biceps tendon rupture. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MRI in diagnosing partial and complete distal biceps tendon ruptures as determined at the time ...

PURPOSE: To determine the usefulness of clinical imaging in predicting the mechanical properties of rabbit Achilles tendons after acute injury. METHODS: We created a 2 x 7-mm full-thickness central tendon defect in one Achilles tendon of healthy rabbits. Rabbits in groups of 10 were killed immediately and 4 and 8 ...

Impingement is defined as a painful limitation of motion. Impingement lesions as identified on MR imaging of the ankle may relate to a range of soft tissue or bony pathologies that can be interpreted as predisposing to painful limitation of motion, accepting that the diagnosis of impingement remains clinical and ...

MR imaging of the foot and ankle in children poses unique challenges, not only because of technical issues, but also because of the variations produced by age related changes. However, because of its excellent soft tissue contrast (especially helpful in delineating cartilage related abnormalities), MR imaging offers a distinct advantage ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to relate alterations in biceps tendon diameter and signal on MR images to gross anatomy and histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T1-weighted, T2-weighted fat-saturated, and proton density-weighted fat-saturated spin-echo sequences were acquired in 15 cadaveric shoulders. Biceps tendon diameter (normal, flattened, thickened, and partially ...

PURPOSE: To determine the precise anatomy and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of the chiasma crurale in cadavers, paying special attention to degenerative changes MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve fresh human ankles were harvested from 11 nonembalmed cadavers (mean age at death 77 years) and used according to institutional guidelines. MR ...

Atypical mycobacterial tenosynovitis of the wrist can easily be misdiagnosed as synovial chondromatosis. Both sonography and magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in depicting "rice bodies" within the distended tendon sheaths and bursae of atypical mycobacterial infection. An endemic place for Mycobacterium species and the occupation of the patient ...

Chondral lesions, peroneal tendon tears, and other disorders in patients with chronic ankle instability may not be detected by preoperative MRI. Also, MRI often is obtained and interpreted at the referring institution, leading to variability in reading. We assessed the accuracy of the radiologists' and orthopaedic surgeon's reading of preoperative ...

To describe osseous landmarks that allow identification of the attachments of the ligaments and tendons in the distal medial aspect of the humerus. Reliable osseous landmarks in the distal medial aspect of the humerus were identified in 34 well-preserved specimens from a paleopathologic collection. These osseous landmarks were then sought ...

"Reduction en masse of inguinal hernia" means reduction/migration of a hernial sac into the properitoneal space. We report the CT findings in a case of reduction en masse with strangulated obstruction. CT scan demonstrated a hernial sac with fibrous constriction band at the neck, situated in the properitoneal space superior ...

The literature states that proper management of Madura foot strongly depends on accurate identification of the causative organism. We describe the case of a patient with Madura foot who was diagnosed with eumycetoma after the dot-in-circle sign, which has been previously reported in regard to magnetic resonance images of this ...

OBJECTIVE: Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction with secondary hindfoot valgus can lead to painful extraarticular, lateral talocalcaneal, and subfibular impingements, often necessitating surgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to correlate findings of lateral hindfoot impingement with grading of posterior tibial tendon tears and severity of hindfoot valgus on MRI. ...

The Achilles tendon is a frequent site of foot and ankle discomfort. Its superficial location lends it to excellent evaluation by ultrasonography. Continuing advances in US have enabled evaluation of Achilles pathology with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency in a cost-effective manner. For these reasons, radiologists are likely to be called ...

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of visualizing hand and foot tendons by dual-energy computed tomography (CT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty patients who suffered from hand or feet pains were scanned on dual-source CT (Definition, Forchheim, Germany) with dual-energy mode at tube voltages of 140 and 80 kV and a corresponding ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to provide a pictorial survey of MR images of ankle ligaments in various conditions from intact to disrupted. CONCLUSION: MR images of ankle ligaments from a sample of patients with ankle pain or injury are presented and reviewed.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to describe the normal and abnormal appearances of the tendons most easily and commonly assessed with sonography. CONCLUSION: Sonography is important in musculoskeletal imaging, and its accuracy is at least equivalent to that of MRI for imaging tendon abnormalities. Although operator dependence is ...

Biceps tendinitis is inflammation of the tendon around the long head of the biceps muscle. Biceps tendinosis is caused by degeneration of the tendon from athletics requiring overhead motion or from the normal aging process. Inflammation of the biceps tendon in the bicipital groove, which is known as primary biceps ...

AIM: To evaluate the imaging of the natural history of Achilles tendinopathy microvascularisation in comparison with symptoms, using a validated disease-specific questionnaire [the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A)]. METHOD: A longitudinal prospective pilot study of nine patients with post-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), time-intensity curve (TIC) enhancement, ultrasound (US) ...

Tendons and entheses are magnetic resonance (MR) "invisible" when imaged with conventional clinical pulse sequences. When the highly ordered, collagen-rich fibers in tendons and entheses are placed at the magic angle, dipolar interactions are decreased and their T2s are often considerably increased. The bulk magnetic susceptibility of tendons and entheses ...

We have applied high-quality medical imaging techniques to study the structure of the human ankle. Direct volume rendering, using specific algorithms, transforms conventional two-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance image (MRI) series into 3D volume datasets. This tool allows high-definition visualization of single or multiple structures for diagnostic, research, and teaching purposes. ...

The case is presented of a woman with a gradual onset of knee pain due to calcific tendonitis of the medial collateral ligament (MCL). The diagnosis was made based on clinical findings, plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Her symptoms improved with non-operative measures. Calcific tendonitis is a common pathology ...

Seventy-two horses with recent onset of navicular syndrome and normal radiographs were assessed. Horses underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of both front feet. All abnormalities were characterized and the most severe abnormality identified, if possible. Abnormal signal intensity in the navicular bone was the most severe abnormality in 24 (33%) ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to depict a subset of focal partial tears of the biceps brachii tendon, occurring at the entrance to the bicipital groove, which can be difficult to detect with MRI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study; informed consent was ...

There is substantial controversy in literature about human dermatomes. We studied L4, L5, and S1 inferior limb dermatomes by comparing clinical signs and symptoms with conduction studies, electromyographical data, neurosurgical findings, and imaging data from computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After analyzing 60 patients, we concluded that ...

There is still a paucity of information about the clinical presentation, treatment and imaging findings of latissimus muscle tears. Only one study has specifically described the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of latissimus tendon tears. We describe a case of a high-grade tear in the latissimus muscle tendon in an ...

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine whether the fibulotalocalcaneal (FTC) ligament of the ankle, described in anatomical literature, can be identified on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 6 cadaver ankles, which were then sectioned axially. The posterolateral ankle was inspected ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone mineral densitometry (BMD) in evaluating human Achilles' tendon strength. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-eight Achilles' tendons from 49 consecutive cadavers (26 men and 23 women with a mean age of 66.6 ...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Hyperintense signal is sometimes observed in ligaments and tendons of the equine foot on standing magnetic resonance examination without associated changes in size and shape. In such cases, the presence of a true lesion or an artifact should be considered. A change in position of a ...

Os trigonum impingement is a frequent cause of posterior ankle pain in ballet dancers because they need extreme plantar flexion during the execution of relevé in demipointe and en pointe positions. Clinical examination and standard and modified x-rays should be carried out to clearly identify the site and entity of ...