PURPOSE: We propose to investigate the fractional anisotropy (FA) values in pediatric patients with closed head trauma and correlate them with the initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of 24 pediatric patients (15 men, 9 women; mean age, 13 years; range, 2-18 years) who underwent ...

The goal of the current investigation was to detect clinically important axonal damage in cerebral white matter after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). To this end, we evaluated a prospective, pilot study of six subjects with isolated mild TBI and six matched orthopedic controls. All ...

Preoperative DTI Fiber Tracking (DTI-FT) reconstruction of functional tracts combined with intraoperative subcortical mapping (ISM) is potentially useful to improve surgical procedures in gliomas located in eloquent areas. Aims of the study are: (1) to evaluate the modifications of fiber trajectory induced by the tumor; (2) to validate preoperative DTI-FT ...

Q-ball imaging has the ability to discriminate multiple intravoxel fiber populations within regions of complex white matter architecture. This information can be used for fiber tracking; however, diffusion MR is susceptible to noise and multiple other sources of uncertainty affecting the measured orientation of fiber bundles. The proposed residual bootstrap ...

BACKGROUND: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and white matter tractography (WMT) are promising techniques for estimating the course, extent, and connectivity patterns of the white matter (WM) structures in the human brain. In this study, we investigated the ability of DTI and WMT to visualize white matter tract involvement for the ...

BACKGROUND: Diffusion tensor imaging is a newly developed technique used to visualize the white matter fibers in the human brain. In previous reports, DTI has been applied in patients with neoplasms, lacunar infarction, ischemic stroke, degenerative motor disease, and diffuse axonal injury, and has become a powerful tool in predicting ...

INTRODUCTION: The aims of this study were: (1) to test whether higher spatial resolution diffusion tensor images and a higher field strength (3 T) enable a more accurate delineation of the anatomical tract within the brainstem, and, in particular, (2) to try to distinguish the different components of the corticopontocerebellar ...

Our objective was to estimate the frequency as well as to establish the clinical and neuroimaging profile of hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC). HSP-TCC was recognized as a specific clinical subtype of HSP and mapped to chromosome (ch) 15q13-15 in Japanese families. It has been considered rare ...

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an exciting new MRI modality that can reveal detailed anatomy of the white matter. DTI also allows us to approximate the 3D trajectories of major white matter bundles. By combining the identified tract coordinates with various types of MR parameter maps, such as T2 and ...

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is one of the frequent and early findings in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between cognitive abnormalities and the extent of macroscopic and microscopic tissue damage in the corpus callosum (CC), revealed by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetisation transfer imaging (MTI) and diffusion ...

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) contributes significantly to mortality and morbidity following traumatic brain injury (TBI), but is poorly characterized by conventional imaging techniques. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may provide better detection as well as insights into the mechanisms of white matter injury. DTI data from 33 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI, ...

We report a case of episodic amnesia in which the anatomical basis of injury was investigated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Two months after an adult male suffered severe closed head injury, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) revealed only a right superior frontal lesion. However, 14 years later, DTI revealed ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the spinal cord in patients harboring spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of this new technique to determine the displacement of the spinal cord tracts and to correlate morphologic and functional DTI data (fractional anisotropy [FA] and ...

OBJECTIVES: An increased incidence in white matter abnormalities is among the most frequently reported brain change in patients with bipolar disorder. The objective of the present study was to examine white matter tract integrity, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in bipolar patients and healthy comparison subjects. METHODS: Eleven DSM-IV bipolar ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our goal was to improve the preoperative assessment of the corticospinal tract (CST) in patients with brain tumors. We investigated whether the integration of functional MR imaging (fMRI) data and diffusion tensor (DT) tractography can be used to evaluate the spatial relationship between the hand and foot ...

BACKGROUND: Voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) data was used to examine white matter integrity in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), defined as schizophrenia beginning before the 18th birthday. METHODS: Nineteen patients with EOS, aged 13 to 19, were compared with 20 healthy volunteers matched for age, ...

Axonal swellings, or spheroids, are a feature of central nervous system (CNS) axon degeneration during normal aging and in many disorders. The direct cause and mechanism are unknown. The use of transgenic mouse line YFP-H, which expresses yellow-fluorescent protein (YFP) in a subset of neurons, greatly facilitates longitudinal imaging and ...

This pilot study examined the integrity of the corpus callosum in a sample of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), as abnormalities in inter-hemispheric communication could possibly be involved in illness pathophysiology. We utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity (SI) and morphometric measures. Ten BPD and 20 healthy control ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intraoperative displacement of major white matter tracts during glioma resection by comparing preoperative and intraoperative diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tracking. METHODS: In 37 patients undergoing glioma surgery, preoperative and intraoperative diffusion tensor imaging was performed with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner applying an echo-planar imaging sequence ...

Postmortem magnetic resonance (MR) images were correlated with the histological findings in two autopsy-proven cases of Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal and corticopontine tracts associated with cerebral embolic infarction. T2 hyperintensities seen in Wallerian degeneration showed vacuolation of myelin in the early stage, and marked loss of myelin and axons ...

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging yields images with detailed information about tissue water diffusion. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the human spinal cord requires dedicated magnetic resonance pulse sequences that minimize the effects of subject motion, distortions, and artifacts from lipids and CSF flow. These problems are accentuated by the anatomic properties ...

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in patients with delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS) caused by carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and neuropsychological test. Conventional and diffusion tensor brain MR imaging exams were performed in six ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used as a noninvasive method to evaluate the anatomy of the corticospinal tract (CST) and the pattern of its degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS: Fourteen patients with ALS and 15 healthy controls underwent DTI. Parameters reflecting coherence of diffusion (fractional ...

The orientation of MRI-measured diffusion tensor in the myocardium has been directly correlated to the tissue fiber direction and widely characterized. However, the scalar anisotropy indexes have mostly been assumed to be uniform throughout the myocardial wall. The present study examines the fractional anisotropy (FA) as a function of transmural ...

In this study, axial (lambda(parallel)) and radial (lambda(perpendicular)) diffusivities derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to evaluate white matter injury in brains of mice affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Sixteen female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with amino acids 35-55 of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG(35-55)). Three months after ...

We investigated whether structural white matter abnormalities, in the form of disruption of axonal coherence and integrity as measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), constitute an underlying pathological mechanism of idiopathic dystonia (ID), independent of genotype status. We studied seven subjects with ID: all had cervical dystonia as their main ...

Volumetric changes of striatal structures based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been inconsistent in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) due to methodological limitations. The purpose of this study was to investigate shape deformities of the corpus striatum in patients with OCD. We performed 3-D shape deformation analysis of the ...

Inflammation, demyelination, gliosis and axonal degeneration are pathological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Axonal damage is thought to contribute to irreversible damage and functional impairment, but is difficult to quantify. Conventional MRI has been used to assess the inflammatory and demyelinating aspects of MS lesions, but ...

The functional integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) is of crucial importance for fine and independent finger movement. Therefore, it has been frequently speculated that interhemispheric asymmetries in this tract might be associated with handedness. The objective of the present study was to examine this proposed relationship, by studying the ...

OBJECTIVE: Ataxic hemiparesis (AH) is a well recognised lacunar syndrome involving homolateral ataxia with accompanying corticospinal tract impairment. Most previous studies of lesion location in AH did not use diffusion weighted MRI (DW MRI). The purpose of this study was to use DW MRI to evaluate the radiological correlation in ...

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that fractional anisotropy (FA) is more severely reduced in white matter of the frontal lobe compared with the parietal lobe after receiving the same whole-brain irradiation dose in a cohort of childhood medulloblastoma survivors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-two medulloblastoma survivors (15 male, mean [+/- SD] ...

Postoperative mutism is rare. We present a 65-year-old man who had transient mutism after resection of anterior falx meningioma. Mild left hemiparesis and palmomental reflex on the right were the only abnormal signs on neurological examination. CT scan and MRI demonstrated a mass at the anterior one-third portion of the ...

Using functional MRI and diffusion tensor tractography, we studied the topographical relation of hand and foot fibers of the corticospinal tract within the internal capsule to verify the recent unexpected finding by Holodny et al., who reported that hand fibers are located anterolateral to foot fibers, not anteromedial as is ...

Heterogeneous spatiotemporal patterns of C57B/L6 murine brain maturation during the first 7 weeks after birth (i.e. P15 to P45) were assessed in vivo by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 9.4 T. Maps of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were used to assess developmental changes. Because directionally encoded ...

BACKGROUND: An inherited disorder, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is known to cause progressive inflammatory demyelination. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the adult pattern of disease progression in X-ALD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: We retrospectively assessed magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in adult patients who had developed cerebral disease between January 1, 1985, and ...

We report the case of a 31-year-old man who had mild traumatic brain injury as a result of an accident at the age of 24 years. Seven years after the trauma, at the age of 31 years, he had a lower verbal intelligence quotient than performance intelligence quotient by the ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death and disability in young people. The functional outcome in patients with TBI cannot be explained by focal pathology alone, and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is considered a major contributor to the neurocognitive deficits experienced by this group. The aim ...

It has been demonstrated previously that water diffusion anisotropy in vivo is equivalent to that observed ex vivo after perfusion fixation in the mouse brain. This finding supports the practice of ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurement on perfusion-fixed tissues. However, the validity of extrapolating ex vivo DTI measurements ...

The purpose of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with fiber tractography (FT) to demonstrate focal lesions of the corticospinal tract (CST) in hemiparetic patients with cerebral palsy (CP) who showed no specific focal lesions on conventional brain MRI. Four hemiparetic patients with CP (three left hemiparesis, ...

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) is a powerful quantitative technique with the ability to detect in vivo microscopic characteristics and abnormalities of brain tissue. It has been successfully applied to a number of neurological conditions, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and brain tumors, providing information otherwise inaccessible on the ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After an early progression of signal intensity changes in T2-weighted MR images, also known as "neurofibromatosis bright objects," in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1), there is a tendency toward regression or even disappearance in early adulthood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adult ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypoperfusion of the normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis (MS) may be related to ischemia or secondary to hypometabolism from wallerian degeneration (WD). This study evaluated whether correlating perfusion and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in normal-appearing corpus callosum could provide support for an ischemic mechanism for ...

Central nervous system involvement is a major burden in Fabry disease. Conventional cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows micro- and macroangiopathic changes such as severe and progressive white matter lesions (WMLs) at an early age on T2- and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-weighted images, increased signal intensity in the pulvinar on T1-weighted ...

Phantom-based evaluation of geometric distortions in functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was investigated. An acrylic water-filled phantom with a grid structure was designed and manufactured to provide accurate geometric information over the volume measured in human brain imaging. The grid structures were well detected in data acquired using ...

PURPOSE: To differentiate fibroblastic meningiomas, usually considered to be of a hard consistency, from other benign subtypes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From DTI data sets of 30 patients with benign meningiomas, we calculated diffusion tensors and mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps as well ...

The effect of a proteolipid protein (PLP) mutation on the developing white matter anisotropy was examined by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) in a noninvasive study of a mouse model of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD). The jimpy PLP mutation in mice produces an irreversible dysmyelination in jimpy males, whereas heterozygous ...

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been widely applied to investigate injuries in the central nervous system (CNS) white matter (WM). However, the underlying pathological correlates of diffusion changes have not been adequately determined. In this study the coregistration of histological sections to MR images and a pixel-based receiver operating characteristic ...

Parasagittal or off-midsagittal structures of the interhemispheric fiber tracts, i.e., the corpus callosum (CC), have a tendency to form structures which diverge from the midsagittal CC (mCC). This has led to mild inconsistencies in terms of defining parasagittal structures as region of interest for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis. Moreover, ...

The objective of this study was to determine the minimum change in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and transverse diffusivity (TD) that can be detected in a repeated diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) session with 95% confidence, i.e., the minimum detectable change (MDC). During each of three sessions, six DTI ...

Skilled reading requires mapping of visual text to sound and meaning. Because reading relies on neural systems spread across the brain, a full understanding of this cognitive ability involves the identification of pathways that communicate information between these processing regions. In the past few years, diffusion tensor imaging has been ...