Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important tool in the assessment of fetal anomalies. Although ultrasound remains the modality of choice for screening, MRI offers several advantages that permit optimal characterization of anomalies in certain situations. Accurate recognition and characterization of fetal anomalies guides decisions about pregnancy management and ...

Purpose: False-negative results are obtained in approx. 20 % of prostate cancer (PCa) patients (pts) at initial systematic transrectal biopsy (Bx), in particular when digital rectal examination (DRE) or transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is negative. The aim of this study was to assess whether MR endorectal imaging of the prostate in a ...

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the prostate can detect and localise tumour tissue in patients with prostate cancer. Pattern recognition methods have the potential to discriminate tumour from normal tissue using the spectral patterns of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging data thus providing a powerful tool for diagnosis and monitoring ...

Background: The comparison of systematic prostate biopsies (PBx) with PBx including additional cores based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lesions suspicious for prostate cancer (PCa) has been controversial. This study focuses on additional cores based on MRI findings for better cancer detection. Methods: Data were collected from 491 men ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the additional value of (11)C-choline positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) to T2-weighted (T2w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for localization of intraprostatic tumor nodules. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-nine prostate cancer patients underwent T2w MRI and (11)C-choline PET-CT before radical prostatectomy and extended lymphadenectomy. Tumor regions were outlined ...

Study design:Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of car transfer (CT) movement in four adult males with C6 tetraplegia.Objectives:The aim of the present study was to assess the normal transfer technique movement from a wheelchair to a car (that is, CT) in subjects with tetraplegia. A better understanding of CT movement is invaluable ...

Purpose:To determine whether findings at preoperative endorectal coil magnetic resonance (MR) imaging influence the decision to preserve neurovascular bundles and the extent of surgical margins in robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).Materials and Methods:This study was approved by the investigational review board and was compliant with the HIPAA; the requirement to obtain ...

We report a 20-year-old male patient who was admitted to our emergency clinic after a traffic accident and who suffered from neck pain. Radiographic examination of the cervical spine showed hypertrophy of the left lamina and hypertrophy and elongation of the left spinous process of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6). ...

Aims:To determine (1) the accuracy of positron emission tomography - computed tomography in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer, (2) the learning curve involved, and (3) whether its use alters patient management.Materials and methods:A retrospective study including 80 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent positron emission tomography ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To study the cost effectiveness of positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) scanning in the management of the neck after chemoradiotherapy (CRT). STUDY DESIGN: Cost effectiveness and decision analysis model. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness analysis comparing up-front neck dissection to serial PET-CT imaging in a hypothetical clinical scenario of debate. A ...

BACKGROUND: Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (CT) is now routinely used for staging and monitoring treatment response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although most patients with HSNCC have locoregional disease, distant metastases are relatively uncommon and occur predominantly in the lungs. AIM: To explore the potential of a ...

The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of [(18)F]-2-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in evaluating metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to the cervical lymph nodes, with specific attention to the efficacy in regard to clinically negative necks. This was a retrospective review of 243 patients ...

In this study, we sought to determine whether routine head computed tomographies (CTs) after uncomplicated coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms can add any significant clinical value. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 139 patients with unruptured aneurysms who underwent 150 elective coiling procedures between January 2008 and June ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Patients receiving warfarin who experience minor head injury are at risk of intracranial hemorrhage, and optimal management after a single head computed tomography (CT) scan is unclear. We evaluate a protocol of 24-hour observation followed by a second head CT scan. METHODS: In this prospective case series, we ...

OBJECTIVES:: One of the main normal tissue toxicities in head and neck radiation oncology is xerostomia. In several studies, reduced radiation dose to the salivary glands has been shown to diminish the effects of gland dysfunction. However, no clear guidelines exist to define the anatomic location of the involved glands ...

BACKGROUND: Interobserver agreement in measuring positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) parameters is critical for head and neck cancer management. The purpose of this study is to assess the interobserver agreement when measuring the standardized uptake value (SUV) parameters and the diameter of primary head and neck tumors between readers ...

The introduction of helical computer tomography (CT) and further progress to multi-slice CT enabled new applications. Most recent developments like the 320-row detector facilitate volume CT, which avoids the over-beaming effect of helical scanning. The 320-row multi-slice detector CT (MDCT) is based on a 16cm detector; a special acquisition mode ...

Aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of aberrant origin of the branches of the external carotid artery (ECA) in 97 patients by computed tomography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and to compare the accuracy of these two techniques in the visualization of the ECA system. All ...

PURPOSE: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has established values for imaging of head and neck cancers, including the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), utilizing both morphologic and functional information. In this paper, we introduce a computerized system for automatic detection of NPC, targeting both the primary tumor and regional nodal metastasis, on ...

The presence of paratracheal lymph node (PTLN) metastasis harbours a worse prognosis. Uniform guidelines on PTLN dissection are missing, mainly because of the value of diagnostic techniques for the detection of PTLN metastasis are not clear. This study is performed to identify CT and MRI criteria for detection of PTLN ...

Although flexion cervical MRI has been recommended for the diagnosis of Hirayama disease (HD), no study focused on the MR features at different neck flexion angles. Moreover, no uniform flexion angle has been confirmed in clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively investigate the MRI typical signs ...

Objectives: Standard MRI of the cervical spine is performed in a different anatomical position to that utilised for traditional contrast myelography. Those well practised in myelography are familiar with the considerable changes in configuration of the bony and soft tissues of the cervical spine that may occur with changes in ...

Testicular lymphoma is a rare extranodal presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The most common type is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A 58-year-old man presented with painless enlargement of bilateral scrotums for about 6 months and a mass in the left neck for a month. The patient underwent an F-18 FDG PET/CT ...

Background: To discuss the technique of 64-slice spiral CT subtraction angiography (64-SCTSA) in head and neck, and evaluate its clinical application. Patients and methods: 84 patients suspected of head-neck vascular diseases were examined with 64-SCTSA. The examination techniques, image quality and clinical application were retrospectively analyzed, and the diagnoses of ...

Cranial CT imaging revealed a metal foreign body at the edge of the foramen magnum in an 85-year-old man who had been hit by a bullet 82 years earlier. There was no evidence of neural damage.

SUMMARY:We report a case of DDL with an osteosarcomatous component affecting the right neck. CT showed a lipomatous region with thick septa, a low-attenuation high-water-content component, and a sporadic heterogeneous high-attenuation calcified area.'

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:KD is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT and MR imaging findings of KD in the head and neck.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the CT (n = 21) and MR (n = 9) images obtained in ...

One of the objectives of preoperative imaging in esophageal cancer patients is the detection of cervical lymph node metastases. Traditionally, external ultrasonography of the neck has been combined with computed tomography (CT) in order to improve the detection of cervical metastases. In general, integrated positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) has ...

We aim to compare radiological with histological tumour thickness (RTT with HTT) for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and the ability of both to predict cervical metastasis. The MRI images and histopathology reports of 102 consecutive OSCC cases were compared and therelationship between RTT and HTT, calculated as a "shrinkage ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting lymph node metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the CBM disc databases, and other databases were searched for relevant original articles published between January 1990 and January 2011. Meta-analysis ...

A 50-year-old man with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was suspected to have progressive malignant disease because of an unexpected FDG-avid finding that was suspected to be neck lymph node metastasis on the follow-up FDG PET/CT after the definite anticancer therapy. However, after carefully correlating with the relevant MRI findings because of the ...

Objective-To evaluate the radiographic, computed tomographic (CT), and cadaveric anatomy of the head of boa constrictors. Animals-4 Boa constrictor imperator cadavers. Procedures-Cadavers weighed 3.4 to 5.6 kg and had a body length ranging from 189 to 221 cm. Radiographic and CT images were obtained with a high-detail screen-film combination, and ...

A 47-year-old Saudi deaf lady with short stature presented being unable to walk. She had long standing diffuse skeletal deformities, and progressive head enlargement. She had markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. The radiographic changes were those of hyperphosphatasemia, and the CT scanning of the skull, which was not studied before, ...

Jugulotympanic paragangliomas (JTPs) are rarely encountered benign diseases derived embryonically from the autonomic nervous system. Although JTPs may originate extracranially or intracranially, little has been reported in the literature about large JTPs involving several anatomical structures in the craniofacial regions. Management of large JTPs is controversial. The authors describe a ...

PURPOSE: The subarachnoid space (SAS) lies between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater of the human brain, normally filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious complication of neurological disease that can have high mortality and high risk of disability. Computed tomography (CT) head scans are ...

Lobular capillary hemangioma, known as pyogenic granuloma, is a relatively common benign vascular neoplasm that is composed of hyperplastic clusters of capillaries arranged in a lobular architectural pattern. Most mucosal lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) of the head and neck arise in the oral cavity, but the nasal cavity involvement is ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the CT, MRI and ultrasonography findings of five cases of neurogenic tumours in the head and neck region. Methods: Five neurogenic tumours were analysed with respect to their CT value, the presence of cystic change, target sign, lobulation, connection to the ...

A 6-month-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of a focal subcutaneous swelling on the dorsal neck at the level of atlas. The magnetic resonance imaging and surgical treatment of a dermoid sinus associated with the cervical vertebrae is described. To the authors' knowledge, a dermoid sinus ...

PURPOSE: To simulate and optimize a MR protocol for squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (HNSCC) patients for potential future use in an integrated whole-body MR-PET scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On a clinical 3T scanner, which is the basis for a recently introduced fully integrated whole-body MR-PET, 20 ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the maximum temperature (T(max) ) in the head after exposure to a 300 MHz radiofrequency (RF) field induced by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coil using two thermal simulation methods: Pennes' bioheat equation (PBHE) and discrete vasculature (DIVA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The electromagnetic field induced ...

Radiotelemetric sensors for in vivo assessment of blood pressure and heart rate are widely used in animal research. MRI with implanted sensors is regarded as contraindicated as transmitter malfunction and injury of the animal may be caused. Moreover, artefacts are expected to compromise image evaluation. In vitro, the function of ...

To evaluate the ability of posttreatment positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) to predict ultimate disease status in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and known human papillomavirus (HPV) status. Retrospective. Single tertiary academic referral center. Clinical and radiographic data, including HPV status, were available for 62 ...

The aim of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the morphological [computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], vascular (angiography) and functional (nuclear medicine) features of paragangliomas, uncommon lesions of the head and neck region and even more of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis, arising in an endemic area ...

OPINION STATEMENT: Diagnosis of craniocervical arterial dissection (CCAD) in children begins with a careful history and physical in a child with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). The extent of radiologic evaluation for suspected CCAD is based upon careful consideration of the risks associated with the ...

A 48-year-old man with pathologically proven left buccal squamous cell carcinoma underwent preoperative F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT for tumor staging. Vivid FDG uptake was noted in the bilateral neck and mediastinum, suggestive of nodal metastases. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and bilateral neck dissection yielded anthracosis in the affected nodes. Although histopathological ...

A 53-year-old woman with clinical history of multiple stroke presented with bilateral chemosis and vertical paresis of the right eye. Ophthalmologic examination showed partial atrophy of the right optical nerve, without exophthalmos. Sonography presented a pattern suggestive of autoimmune thyropathy. Laboratory revealed subclinical hyperthyroidism, and mildely elevated thyrotropin receptor antibody ...

The established and emerging roles of FDG positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region is reviewed with a strong clinical focus on recommended applications and methodologies. In the staging of newly diagnosed disease, detection of cervical nodal involvement is the major ...

The benefit of FDG-PET in addition to standard work-up for carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) and metastatic neck lesions has been widely described. However, most studies have been of retrospective nature with large heterogeneities in terms of workup standards and patient selection leaving several questions to be answered regarding the ...

Positron emission tomography with the glucose analogue 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG-PET) is frequently used for staging and re-staging of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region (HNSCC). HNSCCs generally demonstrate intense FDG uptake and FDG-PET has been found to be clinically useful in many situations. Nevertheless, several limitations of FDG-PET ...

This study aimed to compare the clinical target volumes (CTV) delineated by computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT using fluoro-deoxy-glucose to assess the impact of using PET information for radiotherapy (RT) planning. We retrospectively reviewed data on patients with tumors from different sites who had indications for RT ...